杯萼海桑和格氏海桑自然杂交的分子证据

Interspecific hybridization has been frequently observed in the mangrove genus Sonneratia. However, no natural hybridization has been reported between Sonneratia alba and S. griffithii to date, despite their overlapping distribution in the coast of Andaman Sea. In this study, cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene (cpi) from the nuclear genome, and two intergenic spacers (trnL-trnF and trnV-trnM) from the chloroplast genome, were sequenced to determine whether natural hybridization took place between the two species. Our results revealed two distinct types of cpi sequences from the putative hybrid matching those acquired from S. griffithii and S. alba, respectively. Sequencing of the chloroplast trnL-trnF and trnV-trnM regions showed that S. alba differed from S. griffithii by one nucleotide in each region, and the putative hybrid had the identical sequences with S. griffithii. Molecular data demonstrated clearly that there indeed existed natural hybridization between S. alba and S. griffithii, and that S. griffithii was the maternal parent in this hybridization event.     

轮藻和陆地植物系统发育及其进化

Charophytic algae and land plants together make up a monophyletic group, streptophytes, which represents one of the main lineages of multicellular eukaryotes and has contributed greatly to the change of the environment on earth in the Phanerozoic Eon. Significant progress has been made to understand phylogenetic relationships among members of this group by phylogenetic studies of morphological and molecular data over the last twenty-five years. Mesostigma viride is now regarded as among the earliest diverging unicellular organisms in streptophytes. Characeae are the sister group to land plants. Liverworts represent the first diverging lineage of land plants. Hornworts and lycophytes are extant representatives of bryophytes and vascular plants, respectively, when early land plants changed from gametophyte to sporophyte as the dominant generation in the life cycle. Equisetum, Psilotaceae, and ferns constitute the monophyletic group of monilophytes, which are sister to seed plants. Gnetales are related to conifers, not to angiosperms as previously thought. Amborella, Nymphaeales, Hydatellaceae, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, and Austrobaileya represent the earliest diverging lineages of extant angiosperms. These phylogenetic results, together with recent progress on elucidating genetic and developmental aspects of the plant life cycle, multicellularity, and gravitropism, will facilitate evolutionary developmental studies of these key traits, which will help us to gain mechanistic understanding on how plants adapted to environmental challenges when they colonized the land during one of the major transitions in evolution of life.     

不同寄主对中黑盲蝽(Adelphocoris suturalis)生长发育和繁殖的影响

实验在室内温度为(26±1)℃、相对湿度为75%±5%、自然光照的条件下,以四季豆、大豆、饭豇豆、苜蓿、转基因抗虫棉99B和非转基因棉石远321为食料,用生命表方法系统研究了不同寄主植物对中黑盲蝽实验种群生长发育、存活及繁殖的影响.结果表明中黑盲蝽(Adelphocoris suturalis)取食6种不同的寄主植物时,各虫态的发育历期、存活率、成虫寿命、产卵前期、产卵期、产卵量、5龄若虫体重等均有显著差异.用生命表参数综合评价表明,四季豆最适合中黑盲蝽的生长发育及繁殖,其次分别为苜蓿、转基因抗虫棉99B、非转基因棉石远321、饭豇豆、大豆,同时也表明转基因抗虫棉对中黑盲蝽无显著抗性.田间取食选择性试验表明,中黑盲蝽喜食饭豇豆和豇豆,可在棉田周围种植饭豇豆、豇豆作为诱集作物.     

禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum Schwabe分生孢子萌发过程中的核相变化及有丝分裂过程观察

通过Giemsa染色观察禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum分生孢子萌发过程中的核相变化及有丝分裂过程。观察表明,分生孢子细胞为单核,细胞核在分生孢子细胞内分裂后进入芽管,在芽管内进行多次分裂,使芽管内细胞核数目不断变化。禾谷镰孢菌有丝分裂过程可以分为4个时期,前期染色体逐渐浓缩变短,中期染色体清晰可见,后期染色单体发生分离并向相反的两极移动,末期形成新的子核。有丝分裂过程中染色体的分离同步或不同步,不同步分离中的滞后染色体形成后期桥的现象更为普遍。     

山东五莲山植物群落结构及物种多样性

五莲山自然保护区地处鲁东南沿海地区,为全面了解其群落结构组成及物种多样性,作者进行了野外调查,共获得11个标准样方,面积6 600 m²。样方内记录到高等植物52科141种。该保护区地带性植被为常绿—落叶针阔叶天然次生混交林、落叶阔叶林,主要森林植被为赤松—板栗群落(Pinus densiflora-Castanea mollissima community)、麻栎—赤松群落(Quercus acutissima-Pinus densiflora community)、赤松—杜鹃群落（P. densiflora-Rhododendron simsii community）、麻栎—杜鹃群落(Q. acutissima-Rhododendron simsii community)。样方数据显示该区域木本植物种类不是很丰富,但植物群落结构复杂,具有明显的生境异质性,其多样性指数乔木层＜木本层＜灌木层。作者认为影响该保护区核心区多样性的最显著特征应该为海拔和坡度,而人为干扰会严重影响外围保护区植被类型及其物种多样性。整体上看,本区域正处于群落演替早期,种间竞争尚不充分,物种多样性偏低。     

特异性卵黄抗体(IgY)对小鼠内毒素血症的保护作用

目的:研究特异性卵黄抗体(Egg yolk immunoglobulin,IgY)对小鼠内毒素血症的保护作用.方法:以灭活的E.coli O111免疫产蛋母鸡制备特异性IgY抗体.ELISA法检测对E-coli O111及内毒素(Lipopolysaecharide,LPS)的结合活性.腹腔注射LPS(2mg/m1),0.1 ml/10g体重,建立小鼠内毒素血症模型.小鼠随机分为5组,分别给药保护:空白组(生理盐水)、阴性对照组(非特异性IgY,20mg/ml)、阳性对照组(头孢哌酮钠,20mg/ml)、高剂量组(特异性IgY,40mg/m1),低剂量组(特异性IgY,20mg/ml).给药剂量为:攻毒前,0.15 ml/l0 g体重,24 h一次,共两次;攻毒后,0.25 ml/10 g体重,24 h一次,共7次.观察小鼠一般情况,体重变化,外周血中白细胞(WBC)和血小板(PLT)数的变化及各组小鼠的死亡率.结果:特异性IgY与E.coli O111及LPS均有体外结合活性.LPS感染后,各组小鼠外周血中WBC和PLl均有不同程度的下降,体重下降.特异性抗体保护组各指标较快恢复到正常水平,其他组恢复缓慢.各组小鼠七天内死亡率分别为:空白组,100%;阴性对照组,85%;阳性对照组,30%;低济量组,30%;高剂量组,0%.结论:特异性IgY对内毒素血症小鼠有保护作用.     

辣椒细胞质雄性不育花药败育及淀粉粒分布的细胞学观察

用PAS反应对辣椒细胞质雄性不育系8214A和保持系8214B花药中的淀粉粒分布进行研究.在减数分裂前,保持系花药与不育系花药的结构和淀粉粒分布相似.保持系花药减数分裂后,药壁绒毡层细胞开始液泡化并体积增大,在药隔薄壁细胞中积累了许多较小的淀粉粒;在小孢子晚期,绒毡层细胞退化,在药隔薄壁细胞中淀粉粒体积增大;在二胞花粉时期,随着花粉大液泡的消失花粉中出现淀粉粒;花粉成熟时,其细胞质中积累了丰富的淀粉粒.不育系花药减数分裂后,由于药室腔的空间不能扩大,四分体被挤压在一起,最终四分体小孢子败育.不育花药的维管组织发育正常,但较多的淀粉粒积累在药隔薄壁细胞中.该种辣椒雄性不育系中.花粉的败育发生在四分体时期.绒毡层细胞结构异常可能影响糖类物质向药室的正常转运.该种辣椒雄性不育系的绒毡层异常与花粉败育有关.     

肝细胞癌化疗栓塞术后血清TGFβ1、bFGF和VEGF浓度变化

目的:研究肝细胞癌(HCC)患者肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)前后血清转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)浓度的变化及其临床意义。方法:采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法(EUSA),检测32例HCC患者TACE前后血清TGFβ1、VEGF和bFGF浓度的改变,并与正常对照组比较。分析HCC患者TACE前后血清bFGF,TGFβ1与VEGF浓度的相关性。结果:HCC组TACE治疗前TGFβ1、VEGF浓度均升高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);TACE术后患者血清TGFβ1、VEGF和bFGF浓度均升高,治疗前后比较有统计学差异(P<0,05);TACE术前或术后,血清TGFβ1与VEGF浓度均具有正相关性(r前=0.581,P<0.01;r后=0.577,P<0.01)。结论:HCC患者TACE术后TGFβ1、VEGF和bFGF三种促血管生长因子浓度的升高,对肿瘤血管及侧枝循环的形成有着重要作用,影响TACE的远期疗效。     

Sequence Variation in the Gp120 region of SHIV-CN97001 during in vivo Passage

SHIV-CN97001 played an important role in assessing the immune effect and strategy of the AIDS vaccine which included genes of the predominant prevalent HIV-1 strain in China. In this study, SHIV-CN97001 was in vivo passaged serially to construct pathogenic SHIV-CN97001/rhesus macaques model. To identify variation in the gp120 region of SHIV-CN97001 during passage, the fragments of gp120 gene were amplified by RT-PCR from the plasma of SHIV-CN97001 infected animals at the peak viral load time point and the gene distances (divergence, diversity) were calculated using DISTANCE. The analysis revealed that the genetic distances of SHIV-CN97001 in the third passage animals were the highest during in vivo passage. It had a relationship between viral divergence from the founder strain and viral replication ability. The nucleic acid sequence of the V3 region was highly conservative. All of the SHIV-CN97001 strains had V3 loop central motif (GPGQ) and were predicted to be using CCR5 co-receptor on the basis of the critical amino acids within V3 loop. These results show that there was no significant increase in the genetic distance during serial passage, and SHIV-CN97001 gp120 gene evolved toward ancestral states upon transmission to a new host. This could partly explain why there was no pathogenic viral strain obtained during in vivo passage.     

阿维菌素对苹果绣线菊蚜的防治作用及对果园天敌的影响

以1．8％阿维菌素乳油为代表品种,开展了阿维菌素对苹果树绣线菊蚜Aphis citricola田间防治效果试验。结果表明,1．8％阿维菌素乳油1000～3000倍液药后2d、7d、14d对绣线菊蚜的防治效果为64．9％-87．6％。此外,研究了阿维菌素乳油对果园捕食性天敌幼虫种群的影响。田间调查结果表明,施药14d后药剂处理区食蚜蝇Chrysopa septempunctata种群难以恢复,七星瓢虫Epistrophc baltcata种群恢复至喷药前的65％以上,大草蛉Coccinella septempunctate种群基本恢复正常;室内实验结果与田间基本相同,对食蚜蝇影响最大,大草蛉影响最小。但枝条喷药后,在太阳光下放置4h后接虫,则天敌幼虫的死亡率均有明显下降。