Quantum‐Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Employing Hierarchical Cu2S Microspheres Wrapped by Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as Effective Counter Electrodes

Hierarchical Cu₂S microspheres wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets are prepared via a one‐step solvothermal process. The amount of graphene oxide used in the synthesis process has a remarkable effect on the features of Cu₂S microspheres. Compared to Pt and Cu₂S electrodes, RGO‐Cu₂S electrodes show better electrocatalytic activity, greater stability, lower charge‐transfer resistance, and higher exchange current density. As expected, RGO‐Cu₂S electrodes exhibit superior performance when functioning as counter electrodes in CdS/CdSe quantum dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) using a polysulfide electrolyte. A power conversion efficiency up to 3.85% is achieved for the QDSSC employing an optimized RGO‐Cu₂S counter electrode, which is higher than those of the QDSSCs featuring Pt (2.14%) and Cu₂S (3.39%) counter electrodes.     

首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科高级研修培训模式的探讨分析

医学进修是提高医务人员综合素质的重要途径.宣武医院神经内科依托于首都医科大学神经病学系开展了”神经内科高级研修培训班”,选取高素质的医师进行个体化培训.已培训学员112名,其中16人成为医院或当地神经内科系统学科带头人,35人成为学术骨干;建立专科专病门诊(中心)38个,建立疑难病会诊中心21个;申请省市级课题36项,国家级课题18项.极大的提高了当地的临床、科研和学术水平,取得了显著的成效,值得推广和借鉴.     

黄土高原雨水集聚深层入渗(RWCI)系统下山地果园土壤水分时空变异特征

水资源短缺是影响黄土高原雨养农业发展的关键性因素,雨水资源开发是缓解该地区水资源短缺的有效措施.本研究利用管式 TDR 系统监测21年红富士老果园0～300 cm土层土壤含水率变化,分析了雨水集聚深层入渗(RWCI)系统下黄土高原旱作山地果园土壤水分时空分布特征.结果表明: RWCI系统能够显著增加果园土壤含水率,特别是40～80 cm土层(土壤含水率低值区)土壤含水率,在该区域,不同设计深度(40、60和80 cm)RWCI处理(RWCI₄₀、RWCI₆₀和RWCI₈₀)年均土壤含水率分别较鱼鳞坑(CK)处理提高75.3%、85.4%和62.4%,分别较裸露坡地(BS)处理提高39.2%、47.2%和29.1%.RWCI₄₀、RWCI₆₀和RWCI₈₀处理土壤水分入渗最大深度分别为80、120和180 cm,显著深于CK处理(60 cm),其中土壤水分变化幅度最大的土层分别主要发生在0～60、0～100和0～120 cm.在果树整个生育期内,RWCI处理土壤平均含水率(0～300 cm)以RWCI₈₀处理最大,其次是RWCI₄₀和RWCI₆₀处理.总体来看,RWCI系统是黄土高原实现雨水资源化和农业高效用水的有效措施.     

退耕区域发展碳汇产业的生态经济学思考

碳汇产业,即利用植物吸收二氧化碳的潜力及规律,在人工适度干预下获得清洁空气、满足人们生产和生活对生态环境需求的产业,为原有相对均衡或稳定的农业产业-资源系统的优化升级提供突破口和新的增长点.退耕区域生态系统服务中,固碳释氧功能的经济显化、碳汇潜力的迅速提高,以及国内外碳汇交易与碳汇市场的兴起等,为碳汇产业的发展奠定了理论和现实基础.随着碳汇产业的发展,生产经营者必然以提高碳汇产出为核心,形成对碳源的控制及对碳贮量增加路径的开发,重新布局农业产业-资源结构,因而为退耕区域可持续发展带来新的活力;同时,也隐含了下一步需要研发的重点,即碳汇产业融入后的农业产业-资源的配置结构及良性耦合机制.     

模拟胃酸条件下的幽门螺杆菌CAT特异性抗体活性研究

幽门螺杆菌是常见的感染性病原菌,人类多种疾病发生与此菌感染有关。预防和治疗菌体感染及引发的相关疾病仍是现代医学面临的课题。实验利用原核表达的幽门螺杆菌过氧化氢酶(1~380 aa)免疫家兔,获得效价为1∶6 000的特异性抗血清,经硫酸铵沉淀法得到初步纯化的抗体。在体外模拟胃酸环境下(pH3.4)将抗体进行水解。SDS-PAGE结果显示,抗体的重链能被水解。水解后的抗体产物经ELISA方法检测,仍然具有与抗原特异性结合的能力。实验结论证实,在体外环境下特异性幽门螺杆菌抗体保护作用不会被胃蛋白酶的水解而破坏,提示口服特异性抗体预防和治疗幽门螺杆菌感染可能是一条可行的途径。     

IL-1beta suppresses prolonged Akt activation and expression of E2F-1 and cyclin A in breast cancer cells

Cell cycle aberrations occurring at the G(1)/S checkpoint often lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor growth. We recently demonstrated that IL-1beta inhibits insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I-induced cell proliferation by preventing cells from entering the S phase of the cell cycle, leading to G(0)/G(1) arrest. Notably, IL-1beta suppresses the ability of the IGF-I receptor tyrosine kinase to phosphorylate its major docking protein, insulin receptor substrate-1, in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. In this study, we extend this juxtamembrane cross-talk between cytokine and growth factor receptors to downstream cell cycle machinery. IL-1beta reduces the ability of IGF-I to activate Cdk2 and to induce E2F-1, cyclin A, and cyclin A-dependent phosphorylation of a retinoblastoma tumor suppressor substrate. Long-term activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, but not the mammalian target of rapamycin or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, is required for IGF-I to hyperphosphorylate retinoblastoma and to cause accumulation of E2F-1 and cyclin A. In the absence of IGF-I to induce Akt activation and cell cycle progression, IL-1beta has no effect. IL-1beta induces p21(Cip1/Waf1), which may contribute to its inhibition of IGF-I-activated Cdk2. Collectively, these data establish a novel mechanism by which prolonged Akt phosphorylation serves as a convergent target for both IGF-I and IL-1beta; stimulation by growth factors such as IGF-I promotes G(1)-S phase progression, whereas IL-1beta antagonizes IGF-I-induced Akt phosphorylation to induce cytostasis. In this manner, Akt serves as a critical bridge that links proximal receptor signaling events to more distal cell cycle machinery.     

Genome sequencing and comparison of two nonhuman primate animal models, the cynomolgus and Chinese rhesus macaques

The nonhuman primates most commonly used in medical research are from the genus Macaca. To better understand the genetic differences between these animal models, we present high-quality draft genome sequences from two macaque species, the cynomolgus/crab-eating macaque and the Chinese rhesus macaque. Comparison with the previously sequenced Indian rhesus macaque reveals that all three macaques maintain abundant genetic heterogeneity, including millions of single-nucleotide substitutions and many insertions, deletions and gross chromosomal rearrangements. By assessing genetic regions with reduced variability, we identify genes in each macaque species that may have experienced positive selection. Genetic divergence patterns suggest that the cynomolgus macaque genome has been shaped by introgression after hybridization with the Chinese rhesus macaque. Macaque genes display a high degree of sequence similarity with human disease gene orthologs and drug targets. However, we identify several putatively dysfunctional genetic differences between the three macaque species, which may explain functional differences between them previously observed in clinical studies.     

中国水华蓝藻的新记录属——拟浮丝藻属(Planktothricoides)

在近年来对水华蓝藻的调查中,确定了我国一水华蓝藻新记录属——拟浮丝藻属Planktothricoides(WoIoszyńska) Suda et Watanabe 2002。文中对该属及该属一个新记录种的主要形态学特征进行了描述,并对其相近属浮丝藻属Planktothrix进行了形态学比较研究。     

罗汉果转抗病基因NPR1的研究

以罗汉果子叶为外植体,研究了影响根癌农杆菌介导的罗汉果遗传转化的若干因素,建立了罗汉果遗传转化体系.结果表明,5 d苗龄的子叶、预培养1 d、侵染20 min、共培养4 d、共培养温度22℃、AS100μmol/L、Hy浓度不定芽筛选为10 mg/L,生根筛选为20 mg/L转化率最高.抗性苗经PCR和Southern...