FIT2 organizes lipid droplet biogenesis with ER tubule-forming proteins and septins

Lipid droplets (LDs) are critical for lipid storage and energy metabolism. LDs form in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular basis for LD biogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that fat storage–inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) interacts with ER tubule-forming proteins Rtn4 and REEP5. The association is mainly transmembrane domain based and stimulated by oleic acid. Depletion of ER tubule-forming proteins decreases the number and size of LDs in cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, mimicking loss of FIT2. Through cytosolic loops, FIT2 binds to cytoskeletal protein septin 7, an interaction that is also required for normal LD biogenesis. Depletion of ER tubule-forming proteins or septins delays nascent LD formation. In addition, FIT2-interacting proteins are up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation, and ER tubule-forming proteins, septin 7, and FIT2 are transiently enriched at LD formation sites. Thus, FIT2-mediated nascent LD biogenesis is facilitated by ER tubule-forming proteins and septins.     

用电子自旋标记法研究γ辐照对红细胞膜的影响

本文用5-氮氧自由基硬脂酸、12-氮??氧自由基硬脂酸和16-氮氧自由基硬脂酸三种脂肪酸自旋标记物对人红细胞膜(血影)的不同深度膜脂的流动性作了进一步的研究,所得到的电子自旋共振波谱表明它们的序参数都随γ照射剂量的增大而增大。本文还用马来酰亚胺氮氧自由基标记在膜蛋白的SH基团上,所得到的波谱表明其旋转相关时间和强固定化对弱固定化组分的谱线高度的比值也都随γ辐照剂量增大而增大。结果说明γ辐照后,人红细胞膜的流动性降低。这与我们用荧光探针研究所得到的结果相似。     

Association of Plasma IL-6 and Hsp70 with HRV at Different Levels of PAHs Metabolites

Background

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism is not well understood.

Objectives

We hypothesized that PAHs might induce systemic inflammation and stress response, contributing to altered cardiac autonomic function.

Methods

HRV indices were measured using a 3-channel digital Holter monitor in 800 coke oven workers. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were determined using ELISA. Twelve urinary PAHs metabolites (OH-PAHs) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results

We found that significant dose-dependent relationships between four urinary OH-PAHs and IL-6 (all P _trend<0.05); and an increase in quartiles of IL-6 was significantly associated with a decrease in total power (TP) and low frequency (LF) (P _trend = 0.014 and 0.006, respectively). In particular, elevated IL-6 was associated in a dose-dependent manner with decreased TP and LF in the high-PAHs metabolites groups (all P _trend<0.05), but not in the low-PAHs metabolites groups. No significant association between Hsp70 and HRV in total population was found after multivariate adjustment. However, increased Hsp70 was significantly associated with elevated standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), TP and LF in the low-PAHs metabolites groups (all P _trend<0.05). We also observed that both IL-6 and Hsp70 significantly interacted with multiple PAHs metabolites in relation to HRV.

Conclusions

In coke oven workers, increased IL-6 was associated with a dose-response decreased HRV in the high-PAHs metabolites groups, whereas increase of Hsp70 can result in significant dose-related increase in HRV in the low-PAHs metabolites groups.     

胶原样分子与肿瘤关系研究进展

细胞外基质不仅维持着体内细胞微环境的稳定,还在细胞的正常生长、增殖以及细胞之间的信号传导中起着重要作用。肿瘤发生时,基质中的分子组分发生了改变,这些改变朝着有利于肿瘤细胞生长侵袭的方向发展。在这个过程中,细胞外基质的主要成分在合成和分解上发生巨大变化,胶原分子便是其中之一,胶原分子作为细胞外基质中的主要成分,对细胞的黏附、运动、迁移等活动起着重要作用。随着研究的深入,发现越来越多的胶原分子参与了肿瘤的发生发展。基质中还存在着一些分子,它们在结构上和胶原蛋白一样含有三螺旋胶原结构域,在肿瘤的发生发展过程中同样发挥着重要作用。本文就包括胶原分子在内的含有胶原结构的分子在肿瘤中的作用做一综述。     

支气管哮喘急性发作期超敏C- 反应蛋白、白细胞、中性粒细胞比例检测 的意义及比较

目的:探讨超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞比例(N%)在支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)急性发作期诊治中的临床意义。方法:分析60例患者治疗前及自觉症状缓解时hs-CRP、WBC、N%动态变化情况,观察上述指标在急性发作期的阳性率以及自觉症状缓解时的阴性率。结果:①hs-CRP、N%、WBC在自觉症状缓解时均明显低于哮喘急性发作期(P<0.05);②哮喘患者急性发作期hs-CRP、N%阳性率均高于WBC阳性率,且与后者比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.05);③哮喘患者经治疗自觉症状缓解时hs-CRP、WBC阴性率均高于N%阴性率,且与后者比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:血清hs-CRP既可作为哮喘患者急性发作期感染的敏感指标,又是反映急性发作期治疗效果的早期评判指标,比WBC、N%更迅速、敏感。     

转导外源总DNA培育棉花抗病新品种简报

棉花黄萎病是真菌病害,病原菌为大丽轮枝菌(Vertillium daliae),因致病力不同可分为不同的致病类型或生理小种。据统计,黄萎病对棉花的危害有逐年加重的趋势。1993年是我国棉花黄萎病大发生的一年,发病面积约占全国棉田的一半以上。尤其是北方棉区受害更重,重病棉田棉花病株率在80%以上,其中落叶成光秆的病株率高达50%,损失皮棉达1亿公斤。新疆棉区由于种植面积不断扩大(2000年皮棉总产占全国的1/3以上),引种不规范和     

子痫前期患者尿液中足细胞裂孔膜蛋白和标记蛋白的检测及意义

目的：检测子痫前期患者尿液中足细胞裂孔膜蛋白和足细胞标记蛋白的浓度并探讨其临床意义。方法：本实验以62例妊娠期妇女为研究对象,分为三组,其中正常妊娠期妇女25例为正常对照组,慢性高血压的妊娠期妇女17例为高血压组,子痫前期患者20例为子痫前期组。ELISA检测各组妊娠期妇女的尿液中足细胞裂孔膜蛋白和足细胞标记蛋白的表达;Bradford法检测各组妊娠期妇女的尿蛋白。结果：足细胞裂孔膜蛋白和足细胞标记蛋白在正常对照组尿液中含量极少,在高血压组中分泌增加,而子痫前期组患者中明显升高（P〈0．01）,且在子痫前期组尿液中足细胞裂孔膜蛋白和标记蛋白的分泌含量均成正相关（r2=0．79,P〈0．05）。子痫前期组患者中足细胞裂孔膜蛋白和足细胞标记蛋白与尿蛋白浓度成正相关（r2=0．58,P〈0．05;r2=0．79,P〈0．05）。结论：足细胞蛋白脱落主要发生于子痫前期患者,且足细胞蛋白脱落量与尿蛋白成正相关,能直接反映妊娠期患者的肾损伤程度,可作为预测罹患妊娠期高血压的指标。     

镉胁迫对家蚕脂肪体脂质过氧化物含量及抗氧化酶活性和mRNA表达的影响

【目的】探讨鳞翅目模式昆虫家蚕Bombyx mori作为重金属污染的监测指示生物在镉胁迫下的酶反应及相关的基因表达。【方法】给家蚕幼虫期全龄添食镉(Cd²⁺), 调查不同性别家蚕5龄幼虫脂肪体中脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）的含量, 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、 过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性及其基因表达水平的变化。【结果】Cd²⁺胁迫对雌雄家蚕MDA 含量均具有浓度效应关系, MDA含量随Cd²⁺胁迫浓度的升高而增加。Cd²⁺胁迫下, SOD和CAT活性表现为先升后降的变化趋势, Pearson相关性分析显示SOD和CAT活性变化有显著相关性(雄: R=0.770, P=0.001; 雌: R=0.854, P=0.000）。雌性家蚕脂肪体中CAT活性变化和Cat mRNA水平的表达具有正相关性（R=0.712, P=0.003）。雄性家蚕脂肪体中GSH-Px活性随Cd²⁺胁迫浓度的升高而增加, 显示浓度 效应关系, 12.5~50 mg/kg Cd²⁺胁迫组GSH-Px活性与对照相比有显著差异（P<0.05）, 其活性和GSH-Px mRNA水平的表达具有正相关性（R=0.834, P=0.000）; 雌性家蚕脂肪体中GSH-Px活性表现为先升后降的变化趋势, 12.5 mg/kg Cd²⁺胁迫组GSH-Px活性与对照相比有显著增加（P<0.01）。【结论】结果表明, 急性镉胁迫对家蚕脂肪体有明显的毒性作用, 其作用机制与脂质过氧化加剧和抗氧化酶活性变化有关。家蚕对重金属镉的解毒机制有性别相关性。     

Epigenetic instability in genetically stable micropropagated plants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gardenia jasminoides</Emphasis> Ellis

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is an evergreen tropical plant and favorite to gardeners throughout the world. Several studies have documented that in vitro micropropagation can be used for clonal propagation of G. jasminoides Ellis, the efficiency remained low. In addition, no information is available on the genetic and epigenetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants. Here, we report on a simplified protocol for high efficient micropropagation of G. jasminoides Ellis cv. “Kinberly” based on enhanced branching of shoot-tips as explants. The protocol consisted of sequential use of three media, namely, bud-induction, elongation and root-induction. By using two molecular markers, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP), we analyzed the genetic and DNA methylation pattern stability of 23 morphologically normal plants randomly taken from a sub-population (>100) of micropropagated plants originated from a single shoot-tip. We found that of >1,000 scored AFLP bands across the 23 micropropagated plants, no incident of genetic variation was detected. In contrast, of 750 scored MSAP bands, moderate but clear alteration in several DNA methylation patterns occurred in the majority of the 23 micropropagated plants. The changed methylation patterns involved both CG and CHG sites representing either hyper- or hypo-methylation, which occurred without altering the total methylation levels partly due to concomitant hyper- and hypo-methylation alterations. Our results indicated that epigenetic instability in the form of DNA methylation patterns can be susceptible to the in vitro micropropagation process for G. jasminoides Ellis, and needs to be taken into account in the process of large-scale commercial propagation of this plant.