七种灯台报春组植物的细胞学研究

对报春花科（Primulaceae）报春花属（Primula）灯台报春组植物Section Proliferoe的7种报春进行了细胞学研究,其中腾冲灯台报春和川东灯台报春的核型分析为首次报道,结合已报道的灯台报春组其它植物的细胞学资料进行统计分析,结果表明灯台报春组植物在染色体基数、染色体形态、着丝点位置及染色体对称性上都具有很高的一致性,在灯台报春组有核型记录的种类中,其核型都属于Stebbins的2A型或2B型,核型差异很小,染色体基数均为x=11,推测其可能与报春花属中具有相同染色体基数的组亲缘关系更近。结合已发表的灯台报春组植物的细胞学资料及它们的形态特征,对其系统演化关系进行了比较分析,以期对该组的系统学及演化关系提供一些证据。     

中国特有濒危种川东灯台报春(报春花科)的重新发现

2006年6月份和9月份,作者在对重庆市城口县大巴山地区进行考察时,采集到了中国特有种川东灯台报春（Primula mallophylla）的标本,这是近百年来对该种除模式标本外的再度发现。根据在大巴山观察及采集到的材料,作者对过去该种的特征描述中存在的一些疑问进行了澄清,更正和补充了其形态描述;对历史上混淆的几个种列出了检索表;报道了该种的染色体数目及核型;根据国际通用的“红色名录等级及标准”对其濒危等级进行了评估。     

Four rice QTL controlling number of spikelets per panicle expressed the characteristics of single Mendelian gene in near isogenic backgrounds

Development of quantitative trait loci (QTL) near isogenic lines is a crucial step to QTL isolation using the strategy of map-based cloning. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from two indica rice varieties, Zhenshan 97 and HR5, was employed to map QTL for spikelets per panicle (SPP). One major QTL (qSPP7) and three minor QTL (qSPP1, qSPP2 and qSPP3) were identified on chromosomes 7, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Four sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) BC₄F₂ targeted for the four QTL were developed by following a standard procedure of consecutive backcross, respectively. These QTL were not only validated in corresponding NILs, but also explained amounts of phenotypic variation with much larger LOD scores compared with those identified in RILs. SPP in the four QTL-NILs expressed bimodal or discontinuous distributions and followed the expected segregation ratio of single Mendelian factor by progeny test. Finally, qSPP1, qSPP2, qSPP3 and qSPP7 were respectively mapped to a locus, 0.5 cM from MRG2746, 0.6 cM from MRG2762, 0.8 cM from RM49 and 0.7 cM from MRG4436, as co-dominant markers on the basis of progeny tests. These results indicate no matter how small effect minor QTL is, QTL may still express the characteristics of single Mendelian factor in NILs and isolation of minor QTL will be possible using high quality NILs. Pyramiding these QTL into a variety will largely enhance rice grain yield.     

Genetic structure of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) population alongside the Qinghai–Tibet Railway

In order to verify the effect of social behavior and geographical isolation on the genetic structure of the Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) population, we examined the genetic diversity of Himalayan marmots alongside the Qinghai–Tibet Railway using microsatellite markers. Eight microsatellite loci were used to examine 120 animals of 4 populations: Ulan (U), Delhi (D), Tuotuohe (T) and Ando (A). The results show that: (1) Himalayan marmots alongside the Qinghai–Tibet Railway are highly genetically diversified. The allele number (Na), effective allele number (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), Nei’s expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content (PIC) of the total Himalayan marmot population were 4.75, 3.0332, 0.6990, 0.6672, 0.6102, respectively. (2) Himalayan marmots may be able to avoid inbreeding by a mechanism that will prevent the genetic diversity reduction caused by their social lifestyle. Heterozygote excess was observed at most loci. The inbreeding coefficients within the subpopulation (F_IS), in the total population (F_IT), the differentiation index of population (F_ST), and the gene flow (Nm) were ?0.2265, ?0.0477, 0.1458, and 1.4646, respectively. (3) The genetic differentiation of the Himalayan marmot population was in accordance with Wright’s “isolation by distance” theory. The Mantel test indicates that the correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance was significant (P < 0.05, r = 0.698). (4) Each of the four geographical populations had moderate differentiation. Both geographic distance and isolation could affect the population genetic structure of the Himalayan marmot. The maximum gene flow (3.5915), the smallest genetic differentiation index (0.0651), the lowest genetic distance (0.0700) and the highest genetic identity (0.9526) were all between the Ulan population and Delhi populations. (5) The cluster analysis, based on Nei’s standard genetic distance, showed that the populations of Delhi and Ulan were first merged in a cluster, and then Tuotuohe population was merged in the clustering. The Ando population was the last element in the clustering.     

复合螺旋藻多糖对人结肠癌HT29细胞的抑制作用

研究复合螺旋藻多糖对人结肠癌HT29细胞的抑制作用。螺旋藻多糖（PSP）与银杏叶有效成分（GBE）1：1比例复合组、1：2比例复合组和2：1比例复合组对人结肠癌HT29细胞的抑瘤率,高剂量时分别比空白对照组提高68．04％（P〈0．01）、59．88％（P〈0．01）和58．82％（P〈0．01）;中剂量时分别比空白组提高47．52％（P〈0．01）、51．98％（P〈0．01）和40．31％（P〈0．01）;低剂量时分别比空白对照组提高39．70％（P〈0．01）、29．88％（P〈0．01）和27．31％（P〈0．01）。各复合制剂组的抑瘤率都高于相对应剂量的单一成分组,PSP与GBE联合使用对抑制人结肠癌HT29细胞能产生协同增效作用。     

ApoAⅠ促进THP-1源性泡沫细胞ApoE分泌的研究

目的通过建立动脉粥样硬化损伤部位细胞模型,观察ApoAI对THP—l源性泡沫细胞ApoE分泌的影响,探讨ApoAI与ApoE之间是否存在相互关系以及这种关系对动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法采用聚乙二醇-6000（PEG-6000）沉淀法制备人血浆HDL,再利用凝胶过滤柱层析法分离ApoA I;佛波酯（PMA）诱导THP-1单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞,氧化型低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low density lipoprotein,OXLDL）使分化后THP-1细胞荷脂,建立动脉粥样硬化细胞模型;ELISA检测不同浓度ApoAI（0,5,10,15,25ug／m1）及不同孵育时间（0．3,6,12,24h）,THP—1源性泡沫细胞ApoE的分泌;RT—PCR检测细胞ApoEmRNA的表达情况。结果ApoAI增加THP-1源性泡沫细胞ApoE的分泌量;且ApoE蛋白质的分泌随着ApoAI孵育时间增加而增加,在24hApoE的分泌量达最大;在剂量试验中,ApoE的分泌量随着ApoAI剂量的增加有增加趋势,ApoAI浓度为25μmol／L时,ApoE分泌量最大;而却oE基因的表达不受ApoAI的影响。结论-定浓度的ApoAI促进THP-1源性泡沫细胞ApoE的分泌,且具有时间及剂量依赖性。而在基因水平上,ApoAI对ApoEmRNA表达没有影响。     

氯化镉对葡萄根系线粒体特性与根系活力的影响

以巨峰、玫瑰香、龙眼和泽香4个葡萄品种一年生扦插苗为试材,研究了氯化镉（CdCl₂）处理后葡萄根系线粒体过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、膜通透性转换孔（MPTP）、膜电位（Δψ）、细胞色素C（Cyt c）及根系活力的变化.结果表明：4个葡萄品种经0.5 mmol·L^-1的CdCl₂处理后,根系线粒体H₂O₂含量上升,MPTP开放程度增大,Δψ降低,Cyt c含量下降,根系活力明显降低;其中,H₂O₂含量和Cyt c 含量由高到低的顺序为：巨峰＞泽香＞玫瑰香＞龙眼,而根系活力、MPTP和Δψ由高到低的顺序为：龙眼＞玫瑰香＞泽香＞巨峰.表明巨峰葡萄根系活力比其他品种更易受到CdCl₂的影响,而龙眼葡萄根系活力在4个品种中受CdCl₂影响最小.     

SARS-CoV细胞空斑试验

目的建立适用于生物安全三级实验室操作的SARS．CoV空斑试验方法。方法SARS－CoVl0倍系列稀释接种Vero－E6细胞,用0．6％琼脂糖覆盖中性红着色（琼脂糖．中性红法）或覆盖1％甲基纤维素,4％甲醛固定,结晶紫染色（甲基纤维素－结晶紫法）,空斑计数。结果琼脂糖－中性红法病毒滴度为6．14Lg pfu／mL,甲基纤维素－结晶紫法病毒滴度为6．57Lg pfu／mL。结论二种空斑试验方法相比,病毒滴度无明显差异。甲基纤维素－结晶紫空斑试验法形成的空斑比琼脂糖－中性红法清晰、操作简单安全、结果可长期保存。     

全局转录调控及其在代谢工程中的应用

全局转录调控是一种全新的改进细胞表型的定向进化方法,通过error-prone PCR、DNA shuffling等技术对细胞中的σ因子和其他转录元件进行多轮突变修饰,改变RNA聚合酶的转录效率和对启动子的亲和能力,使细胞的转录在整体水平上发生改变,导致许多由多种基因控制的细胞表型得以改进。全局转录调控可以对代谢途径快速优化,在代谢工程中已被成功地应用于各种代谢产物的生物合成中。随着全局转录调控理论的不断完善,其应用前景也将越来越广阔。     

21个枣品种（系）的AFLP指纹分析

采用AFLP技术,利用从30对引物中筛选出的10对多态性较好的引物,对21个枣品种(系)的基因组DNA进行了分析,共扩增出条带531条,其中多态性条带216条,多态性位点百分比为40.68%.采用UPGMA法,对AFLP扩增结果进行了聚类分析,将供试品种(系)分为6类,并得到了18个品种(系)的特征性AFLP标记,可为分子水平进行枣种质鉴定提供参考.