革兰氏阳性菌脂蛋白的研究进展

细菌脂蛋白是细胞膜的重要组成部分,对细菌发挥各种生理活性起重要作用,与营养摄取、环境感知、细胞膜和细胞壁稳态的维持、蛋白质的折叠和定位等过程密切相关。随着生物技术不断发展和完善,越来越多的脂蛋白种类及功能被发现。综述了革兰氏阳性菌中脂蛋白的功能、生物合成过程和应用方面的研究进展,重点介绍了脂蛋白生物合成过程中关键酶磷脂酰甘油转移酶(Lipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase,Lgt)和脂蛋白信号肽酶(Lipoprotein signal peptidase II,LspA)对革兰氏阳性菌生理活性产生的影响,为今后革兰氏阳性菌脂蛋白的研究提出了展望和建议。     

华氏巨球蛋白血症相关突变MYD88 L265P新型检测体系的建立

华氏巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstr9m’s macroglobulinemia,WM)是一种罕见的,不可治愈的淋巴浆细胞淋巴瘤(lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma,LPL)。MYD88 L265P突变在华氏巨球蛋白血症患者中检出率很高(90%),可以用于疾病的鉴别和诊断,因此,开发一种高灵敏度的检测方法对这个突变进行检测具有较大的临床价值。通过将ARMS技术与Clamping PCR技术相结合,建立的新型MYD88 L265P突变富集检测体系可以满足这一需求。优化后,该检测体系检出限为102拷贝,灵敏度为0.1%,对19份临床样品的双盲试验中,检测结果准确率达到100%。所建立的方法具有灵敏、准确的优势,适用于华氏巨球蛋白血症的早期诊断,有较为广阔的应用前景。     

One pot simultaneous preparation of both enantiomer of β-amino alcohol and vicinal diol via cascade biocatalysis

Objectives

To investigate the efficiency of a new cascade biocatalysis system for the conversion of R, S-β-amino alcohols to enantiopure vicinal diol and β-amino alcohol.

Results

An efficient cascade biocatalysis was achieved by combination of a transaminase, a carbonyl reductase and a cofactor regeneration system. An ee value of > 99% for 2-amino-2-phenylethanol and 1-phenyl-1, 2-ethanediol were simultaneously obtained with 50% conversion from R, S-2-amino-2-phenylethanol. The generality of the cascade biocatalysis was further demonstrated with the whole-cell approaches to convert 10–60 mM R, S-β-amino alcohol to (R)- and (S)-diol and (R)- and (S)-β-amino alcohol in 90–99% ee with 50–52% conversion. Preparative biotransformation was demonstrated at a 50 ml scale with mixed recombinant cells to give both (R)- and (S)-2-amino-2-phenylethanol and (R)- and (S)-1-phenyl-1, 2-ethanediol in > 99% ee and 40–42% isolated yield from racemic 2-amino-2-phenylethanol.

Conclusions

This cascade biocatalysis system provides a new practical method for the simultaneous synthesis of optically pure vicinal diol and an β-amino alcohol.

     

DNA条形编码在蚜虫类昆虫中的应用

2003年提出的DNA条形编码技术给生物分类研究带来了空前的繁荣,众多学者对此进行了分析和讨论.蚜虫类昆虫具有多型、转主寄生等复杂的生物学特性,其形态特征多有特化或退化,因此,DNA条形编码在蚜虫类昆虫中的应用必将给蚜虫分类学研究带来巨大的活力.文章总结了国际DNA条形编码技术的研究进展和现状,并展望了DNA条形编码在蚜虫类昆虫研究中应用的方向,该研究技术主要用于对蚜虫物种快速准确的鉴定、解决多型性问题、发现隐存分类单元,探讨蚜虫种间的系统发育关系、蚜虫与寄主植物的关系,解释蚜虫地理分布格局和推测近期分化物种的成因等.     

Cell Culture and Selection of High Flavonoids- producing Cell Lines in Saussurea medusa

Explants of stems and leaves of Saussurea medusa Maxim. were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA, 2 mg/L NAA, and from which factors, such as the media, plant hormones and culture temperature, as well as the addition of phenylalanine to the medium, that affect the callus growth, were investigated. The results showed that cells grew appropriately in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L NAA at 25 ℃. Phenylalanine was not suitable for cell growth in solid culture but it increased flavonoid production. The calli could be distinguished by colour with naked eyes into two cell lines, a faint yellow (A) and a red coloured (B), representing respectively the different colour of metabolite accumulations. A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic as well as a UV spectrophotometric method have been developed for detecting the flavonoids in cultured cells. It revealed that the A line contained 1.9% flavonoids and 0.42% jaceosidin, which was 2.5 times and 3.9 times more than B line; 2.6 and 4.2 times more than the initial callus cells respectively.     

淋巴抑瘤素对五株肿瘤细胞株的体外抑瘤效应的分析研究

淋巴细胞经刺激后分泌一种多肽类物质,这种细胞因子被称为淋巴抑瘤素。在体外培养中发现不同来源的肿瘤细胞对淋巴抑瘤素的敏感性是不同的,表现为三种类型:强反应株,此类细胞对其抑瘤效应反应强烈,抑制率达90％以上;弱反应株,此类细胞的抑制率在70％左右;另一类为负反应株,此类细胞对淋巴抑瘤素不但不表现出抑瘤效应,反而出现助长肿瘤细胞生长的效应。由于体外测定中有上述现象,所以建议在体内应用这类细胞因子时,应像抗菌素测抗菌谱一样测定其抗瘤谱,以利于对症用药。     

滦河口黑嘴鸥

黑嘴鸥仅在我国沿海地区繁殖,迄今共发现     

滦河口黑嘴鸥(Larus saundersi)繁殖群的保护

黑嘴鸥仅在我国沿海地区繁殖,迄今共发现４个繁殖地点,河北省秦皇岛市滦河口是其中之一。１９９５～１９９７年的野外调查结果表明,滦河口黑嘴鸥繁殖群体目前呈下降趋势,原因是黑嘴鸥繁殖地湿地的生境改变及人为因素影响。     

榆梨绵蚜一些型与卵的新发现和记述（同翅目：蚜总科：瘿绵蚜科）

对榆梨绵蚜Ｅｒｉｏｓｏｍａ ｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍ ｄｉｌａｎｕｇｉｎｏｓｕｍ Ｚｈａｎｇ,１９８０的干母,无翅干雌,有翅干雌,无翅侨蚜,有翅性母,雌,雄性蚜放卵进行了描述,除有翅干雌外,其余各型与卵均为首镒记述。所有研究用标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆内。