百里香的组织培养

1植物名称百里香(Thymus serpyllum var.mongolicus Ronn.)。2材料类别顶芽和腋芽。3培养条件(1)芽诱导培养基:MS基本培养基;(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.5 mg·L~(-1)(单位下同) IBA 0.1 0.6%琼脂 3%蔗糖;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.5 0.7%琼脂 2%蔗糖。以上所有培养基均为pH 5.8～6.0,培养温度(24±2)℃,光     

虾夷扇贝雄核发育单倍体的人工诱导研究

人工雄核发育,是利用遗传失活的卵子与正常精子受精,再利用染色体加倍技术使受精卵恢复为二倍体的遗传操作技术。利用该技术可大大加速品系纯化的过程,对遗传育种学研究有重要意义。目前有关鱼类雄核发育的研究已见于鲤( Gyprnus carpio)1,2、虹鳟( Oncorhynchus mykiss)3、红点溪鳟(Salvelinus fontinalis)4、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguilicaudatus)5,6、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)7、马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou)8等种类。人工诱导贝类雄核发育的研究资料在国内外都很少,目前只有栉孔扇贝和太平洋牡蛎雄核发育诱导条件及其发育早期荧光显微观察方面的报道9,10。虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis) 原产于日本,目前已成为北方沿海地区一种重要的增养殖种类,具有很高的经济价值,同时也是目前海洋贝类育种研究的对象之一。本实验首次研究了紫外线照射对虾夷扇贝卵子遗传失活的影响,成功诱导出雄核发育单倍体,为今后开展虾夷扇贝雄核发育二倍体的人工诱导奠定了基础,现将其结果予以报道。       

草莓高效离体叶片再生体系的建立

以草莓'明宝(Meiho)'和'红颊(Benihope)'的叶片为外植体,研究了不同基本培养基、暗培养时间、植物生长调节剂、叶龄、不同放置方式对其不定芽再生的影响.结果表明:各品种叶片不定芽离体再生的最佳条件不同.'明宝'叶片的最佳不定芽再生培养基为MS+2.5 mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D,叶片再生的最佳叶龄为30～40 d,再生率可达82.8%;'红颊'叶片的最佳不定芽再生培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D,叶片再生的最佳叶龄在10～20 d,再生率可达79.8%.2个品种叶片暗培养14 d可以提高不定芽再生率;叶片正放比反放再生效果好;添加8 mg/L AgNO3和1 000 mg/L活性炭可有效提高再生率.     

Genetic analysis and characterization of a new maize association mapping panel for quantitative trait loci dissection

Association mapping based on the linkage disequilibrium provides a promising tool to identify genes responsible for quantitative variations underlying complex traits. Presented here is a maize association mapping panel consisting of 155 inbred lines with mainly temperate germplasm, which was phenotyped for 34 traits and genotyped using 82 SSRs and 1,536 SNPs. Abundant phenotypic and genetic diversities were observed within the panel based on the phenotypic and genotypic analysis. A model-based analysis using 82 SSRs assigned all inbred lines to two groups with eight subgroups. The relative kinship matrix was calculated using 884 SNPs with minor allele frequency ≥20% indicating that no or weak relationships were identified for most individual pairs. Three traits (total tocopherol content in maize kernel, plant height and kernel length) and 1,414 SNPs with missing data <20% were used to evaluate the performance of four models for association mapping analysis. For all traits, the model controlling relative kinship (K) performed better than the model controlling population structure (Q), and similarly to the model controlling both population structure and relative kinship (Q + K) in this panel. Our results suggest this maize panel can be used for association mapping analysis targeting multiple agronomic and quality traits with optimal association model.     

几种同域分布姜花属植物的种间杂交亲和性

种间配子不亲和以及种间杂交种子活力低是众多的物种间杂交隔离机制中的两个方面。通过对云南澜沧地区分布的4种（型）姜花属植物——圆瓣姜花（Hedychium forrestii）、草果药(Hspicatum)、两类型滇姜花（Hyunnanense）间进行野外杂交试验,比较杂交结实率、每果种子数以及杂交种子的萌发参数等指标来分析4种（型）姜花之间的杂交亲和性和杂交后代表现,发现4种（型）姜花属植物配子间都具有不同程度的亲和性,但种间杂交种子的萌发适合度比同种授粉获得的种子低。结果表明,这4种（型）姜花属植物间配子亲和性不是有效的种间隔离机制,种间杂交种子活力低是一种不完全的隔离机制,它们在同域分布的地区,仍然有形成杂交后代的可能性。     

超微超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒检测良恶性淋巴结的实验研究

目的:研究超微超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒(USPIO)增强MRI检测正常、反应性增生淋巴结和肿瘤转移淋巴结的价值.方法:新西兰免24只,静脉注射0.2mmolFe/kg的USPIO,原子吸收光谱仪检测兔体内脏器铁含量.另取4只兔,作为正常淋巴结组.4只兔双侧后腿肌肉注射蛋黄乳胶,用于建立腘窝反应性增生淋巴结模型,4只兔后腿肌肉接种VX2肉瘤,用于建立腘窝肿瘤转移淋巴结模型.3组动物均静注0.2mmolFe/kg的USPIO,于注射前、注射后12h分别行MRI扫描,观察淋巴结信号强度变化.扫描后取出淋巴结,行HE染色、普鲁士蓝染色观察淋巴结结构变化,铁颗粒的存在,原子吸收光谱仪检测铁含量.结果:USPIO在兔体内血循环时间较长(>12h),除脾肝肺外,其主要分布至淋巴结等网状内皮细胞和吞噬细胞.MRI平扫时,正常、反应性增生淋巴结和肿瘤转移淋巴结T2信号强度无显著差异,静注USPIO后,正常、反应性增生淋巴结中心T2信号强度明显降低,肿瘤转移淋巴结信号强度无明显变化.HE染色、普鲁士蓝染色和原子吸收光谱仪检测显示,正常、反应性增生淋巴结均舍有USPIO铁颗粒,而肿瘤转移性淋巴结淋巴结结构丧失,未见铁颗粒.结论:静脉注射USPIO后MR成像可用来鉴别良恶性淋巴结.     

表达猫瘟热病毒VP2蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫原性研究

为构建能表达FPV VP2蛋白的重组犬2型腺病毒(CAV-2)载体.首先用PCR方法从FPV GT-2株细胞培养物中扩增出了VP2蛋白基因,将其克隆到真核表达质粒pVAX1中构建了含有FPV vp2基因的表达盒(CMV-VP2-PolyA),将该表达盒酶切后定向克隆到含有CAV-2 E3区的穿梭质粒pVAX△E3中,构建出pVAX△E3VP2.用Sal I+Nru I双酶切pVAX△E3VP2,回收含有目的基因表达盒部分,将其定向克隆入含有CAV-2全基因组的骨架质粒pPoly2-CAV-2中,构建了重组质粒pCAV-2-FPV-VP2.Cla I+Asc I酶切pCAV-2-FPV-VP2释放出重组基因组,以此转染MDCK细胞,获得了重组病毒CAV-2-VP2.该重组病毒能使MDCK细胞产生腺病毒样细胞病变.Western blot检测证实,该重组病毒能表达具有免疫学活性的VP2蛋白.该重组病毒可以有效地诱导免疫猫产生抗FPV和CAV-2抗体.本实验表明该重组病毒有可能成为一个FPV的疫苗株.     

Improvement and Optimization of Standards for a Preclinical Animal Test Model of Laser Induced Choroidal Neovascularization

Background

As the murine model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is becoming the most established and commonly utilized model worldwide for studying the pathogenesis of CNV and its response to treatment, specific operating standards are yet to be clarified. The purpose of this study is to compare the lesion size of CNV in mice with different ages, sex, durations of CNV process, and treated positions of laser spots, to make recommendations that may improve and optimize the quality of the model.

Methods and Results

C57/BL6 mice of different ages were treated with diode laser photocoagulation per eye and perfused with PBS containing fluorescein-labeled dextran at different time of observation. Choroid flat mounts, were then examined by fluorescence microscopy for the measurement of CNV area. Messenger-RNA expression levels of several angiogenic cytokines in eye cups of male and female C57BL/6 mice at 5–8 and 16–20 week-old were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR assay. The results showed significantly more CNV area in eyes of female mice compared to male mice with the expression level of several angiogenic cytokines elevated. 16–20-week-old female mice developed the biggest area of CNV. The mean area of CNV increased significantly at the 14^th day after photocoagulation. Laser spots delivered 1PD away from the optic disc induced the biggest area of CNV compared to those 2PD or 3PD away. Interaction of NV was observed in laser spots delivered less than 1PD away from each other.

Conclusion

The current results suggest that 16–20-week-old female C57BL/6 mice developed the most distinct CNV lesion size with laser spots delivered 1PD away from the optic disc. The best time to observe and analyze is the 14^th day after photocoagulation.     

光周期对西葫芦185品系顶芽和叶片衰老的调控

在短日照下 ,西葫芦 (CucurbitapepoLinn .) 185品系的植株发生衰老。结构学、基因表达与系列生化分析证实 :短日照启动了顶端分生组织由营养生长锥向花芽的转化 ,进而其组成细胞发生编程性死亡 (PCD) ,导致顶端生长势的丧失 ;与长日照处理相比 ,短日照处理在发育晚期也引起大量叶肉细胞发生PCD ,进而叶片出现衰老。核酸酶活性的高度表达是PCD过程中一个非常重要的分子事件。实验证实 ,西葫芦 185品系植株衰老进程的发生与顶端分生组织和叶肉细胞中发生PCD密切相关。     

Innate Immune Signaling Induces Interleukin-7 Production from Salivary Gland Cells and Accelerates the Development of Primary Sj?gren’s Syndrome in a Mouse Model

Elevated IL-7 in the target tissues is closely associated with multiple autoimmune disorders, including Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). We recently found that IL-7 plays an essential role in the development and onset of primary SS (pSS) in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice, a well-defined mouse model of primary SS. However, environmental signals that cause excessive IL-7 production are not well-characterized. Innate immune signaling plays a critical role in shaping the adaptive immune responses including autoimmune responses. We and others have previously shown that innate immune signaling can induce IL-7 expression in lungs and intestines of C57BL/6 mice. In this study, we characterized the effects of poly I:C, a double-stranded RNA analog and toll-like receptor 3 agonist, on the induction of IL-7 expression in salivary glands and on pSS development. We showed that poly I:C administration to C57BL/6 mice rapidly induced IL-7 expression in the salivary glands in a type 1 IFN- and IFN-γ-dependent manner. Moreover, poly I:C-induced IL-7 contributed to the optimal up-regulation of CXCL9 in the salivary glands, which may subsequently promote recruitment of more IFN-γ-producing T cells. Repeated administration of poly I:C to C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice accelerated the development of SS-like exocrinopathy, and this effect was abolished by the blockade of IL-7 receptor signaling with a neutralizing antibody. Finally, poly I:C or a combination of IFN-α and IFN-γ induced IL-7 gene expression and protein production in a human salivary gland epithelial cell line. Hence, we demonstrate that IL-7 expression in the salivary gland cells can be induced by poly I:C and delineate a crucial mechanism by which innate immune signals facilitate the development of pSS, which is through induction of IL-7 in the target tissues.