谷子窄颖花突变体sins1的表型分析和突变基因定位

利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS,ethyl methyl sulfonate)诱变剂处理野生型Yugu1(豫谷1号),在后代中发现了一个可以稳定遗传的颖花明显变窄的突变体,将其命名为sins1。与Yugu1相比,突变体sins1的株高显著降低了3.89%,穗长和穗粗分别显著降低了17.42%和21.62%,旗叶叶长和叶宽分别显著降低了15.09%和25.78%,千粒重显著降低了40.96%,谷码数显著降低了25%,均达到显著水平(P0.05)。利用突变体sins1为母本、SSR41为父本构建F_2定位群体,F_2正常颖花与窄颖花植株数目的分离比例为3∶1,表明该突变性状由隐性单基因控制。利用F_2群体隐性单株,最终将突变基因定位在3号染色体上SSR标记3-2658与CAAS3031间约7.709 Mb的距离内,为下一步精细定位提供了基础,同时也为促进禾本科作物颖花的研究提供了方向。     

注射施肥对桃园土壤环境和果实产量品质的影响

以盛果期10a生品种‘阿部白’桃为试材,在大田条件下,进行连续2年定位施肥试验,设置放射沟施全量肥(R_(NPK))、放射沟施半量肥(R_(1/2NPK))、注射施全量肥(I_(NPK))和注射施半量肥(I_(1/2NPK))4个处理,分析注射施肥对桃园0~60cm土层土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物数量以及果实品质的影响,探讨注射施肥在桃树生产中的应用,为高效施肥和提高水肥利用率提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)桃幼果膨大期(5月15日),0~40cm土层中,试验各处理的总氮钾含量差异不明显,注射施肥土壤中速效养分含量显著低于放射沟施肥;果实成熟前期(7月15日),在相同施肥量下,0~40cm土层中注射施肥处理的碱解氮、速效钾含量均以I_(NPK)处理的最高,且分别比放射沟施肥处理显著提高16.61%、12.56%和10.15%、23.93%,同时注射施肥处理的0~40cm土层中有机质含量均低于放射沟施肥处理,部分处理差异达显著性水平;不同处理对土壤中磷的影响较小。(2)果实成熟前期,0~60cm土层中注射施肥土壤中蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性,以及0~20cm土层的碱性磷酸酶均显著高于放射沟施肥;同期根际土壤微生物数量变化规律与土壤酶活性变化基本一致。(3)INPK处理的桃单果重、可溶性固形物含量显著高于其他施肥处理,且分别比R_(NPK)处理显著增加了12.24%和11.21%;I_(1/2NPK)处理的单株果实产量最高(65.25kg)并显著高于放射沟施肥处理,但与INPK处理间差异不显著。研究认为,注射施肥对桃树土壤中养分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物数量以及果实品质都有积极的影响,且以NPK全量注射施肥处理效果最佳。     

2000年来吕梁连片贫困区植被净初级生产力时空变化特征

多年来吕梁连片贫困区实施的生态恢复措施对其生态环境产生了较大影响,为掌握该区域在生态恢复措施实施(2000年)以来植被净初级生产力的变化状况,利用2000—2018年时序的遥感数据和基于光能利用率的CASA模型对其进行了模拟,并分析了导致其变化的主要控制因素,结果显示:(1)2000年以来吕梁连片贫困区NPP整体上升,其中93.46%的区域NPP呈增长状态,6.54%的区域呈减少状态,2010—2015年区域NPP出现下降。(2)受人类活动影响,过去18年来区域土地利用类型变化较为显著,耕地面积缩减,草地面积基本保持稳定,林地与城镇面积增加且城镇面积扩张迅速,不同土地利用下的NPP特征差异显著,耕地NPP年均值增长最为迅速,为5.9 gC m^-2 a^-1,林地最为平稳,为1.32 gC m^-2 a^-1。(3)研究区降水量波动对区域NPP的变化影响显著,未来气候变化中降水量的变化可能对区域NPP产生直接影响。研究结果将为区域生态恢复、精准扶贫及黄河中游地区的经济发展提供重要的理论支撑。     

水杨酸作用下东北红豆杉细胞的二维凝胶电泳分析

东北红豆杉悬浮培养体系中加入适量浓度的水杨酸,染色结果表明,水杨酸可以增加细胞膜通透性,并可诱导部分细胞发生核凝集或核碎裂。提取细胞染色体DNA进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,发现染色体DNA发生了部分降解。应用蛋白质双向凝胶电泳技术,研究了水杨酸处理后东北红豆杉细胞发生应激反应过程中蛋白质的表达情况,分析了处理细胞与正常细胞的蛋白质组差异,发现在水杨酸处理48h后的样品中有7个蛋白质差异点,而且有6个蛋白点仅在对照中检测到。结果表明,外加水杨酸改变了东北红豆杉细胞的基因表达,抑制部分蛋白合成的同时也合成了部分新蛋白质,这些蛋白可能与水杨酸的作用有关。     

24h Urinary Protein Levels and Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratios Could Probably Forecast the Pathological Classification of HSPN

This study aimed to assess the relevance of laboratory tests in Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) classification, and determine accurate classification factors. This prospective study included 694 HSPN patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB). Renal specimens were scored according to International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) classification. Meanwhile, blood samples were immediately collected for laboratory examination. The associations between laboratory parameters and HSPN classification were assessed. Significant differences in levels of serum Th1/Th2 cytokines, immunoglobulins, T-lymphocyte subsets, complement, and coagulation markers were obtained between HSPN patients and healthy children. Interestingly, 24h urinary protein (24h-UPRO) levels and urine protein/urine creatinine ratios could determine HPSN grade IIb, IIIa, and IIIb incidences, with areas under ROC curve of 0.767 and 0.731, respectively. At 24h-UPRO >580.35mg/L, prediction sensitivity and specificity were 75.2% and 70.0%, respectively. These values became 53.0% and 82.3%, respectively, with 24h-UPRO exceeding 1006.25mg/L. At urine protein/urine creatinine > 0.97, prediction sensitivity and specificity were 65.5% and 67.2%, respectively, values that became 57.4% and 80.0%, respectively, at ratios exceeding 1.2. Cell and humoral immunity, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are all involved in the pathogenesis of HSPN, and type I hypersensitivity may be the disease trigger of HSPN. 24h-UPRO levels and urine protein/creatinine ratios could probably forecast the pathological classification of HSPN.     

斑块面积对干燥-复水条件下藓类植物生理活性的影响

干扰会导致生物结皮斑块破碎并退化。为明确生物结皮斑块破碎诱发生物结皮退化机理,以黄土丘陵区土生对齿藓(Didymodon vinealis)结皮为研究对象,研究了干燥-复水条件下,单株和直径1 cm、2 cm、3 cm、4 cm、5 cm的藓结皮斑块内土生对齿藓的干燥速率、渗透调节物质、丙二醛和光合色素含量等的变化,以期揭示干扰后生物结皮退化的生物学机理。结果表明(1)除单株外,干燥速率随斑块面积减小而增加,直径1 cm斑块内藓的干燥速率是直径5 cm的2倍。(2)反复干燥-复水25天后,直径小于5 cm的斑块内藓的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量低于直径5 cm斑块内藓的含量,丙二醛含量随斑块面积变化无明显规律。(3)干燥速率与斑块面积、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及叶绿素含量均呈极显著负相关。以上结果表明,藓结皮斑块面积通过影响斑块内藓类植物干燥速率进而影响其渗透调节和光合作用能力。藓结皮斑块面积减小,藓类植物干燥速率增大,生理活性降低,是藓结皮斑块破碎诱发其退化的原因。研究从藓类植物生理的角度,阐明了干扰后藓类植物衰亡的生理学原因,为生物结皮的保护和管理提供了科学依据。     

The brefeldin A resistance protein Bfr1p is a component of polyribosome-associated mRNP complexes in yeast

The yeast gene BFR1 was originally isolated from a genetic screen for high-copy suppressors of brefeldin A-induced lethality in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While this result suggested a possible role for the encoded protein, Bfr1p, in the secretory pathway, subsequent data have not fully supported this conclusion. Alternatively, Bfr1p has also been found by yeast two-hybrid analysis to interact with Bbp1p, a component of the spindle pole body. Finally, we have reported that Bfr1p associates with cytoplasmic mRNP complexes containing Scp160p, raising the possibility that Bfr1p may function in mRNA metabolism. Here, we have explored this possibility further. We report that Bfr1p associates with yeast polyribosomes and mRNP complexes even in the absence of Scp160p, and that its interaction with Scp160p-containing mRNP complexes is RNA-dependent. Furthermore, we have determined by fluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation that Bfr1p and Scp160p demonstrate similar cytoplasmic localization with enrichment around the nuclear envelope/endoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we report that loss of Bfr1p disrupts the interaction of Scp160p with polyribosomes, thereby demonstrating that the relationship between these two proteins is functional as well as physical. Considered together, these data raise the intriguing possibility that Bfr1p may provide a link between mRNA metabolism, the chromosomal segregation machinery and perhaps secretion in yeast.     

Cell Culture and Selection of High Flavonoids- producing Cell Lines in Saussurea medusa

Explants of stems and leaves of Saussurea medusa Maxim. were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA, 2 mg/L NAA, and from which factors, such as the media, plant hormones and culture temperature, as well as the addition of phenylalanine to the medium, that affect the callus growth, were investigated. The results showed that cells grew appropriately in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L NAA at 25 ℃. Phenylalanine was not suitable for cell growth in solid culture but it increased flavonoid production. The calli could be distinguished by colour with naked eyes into two cell lines, a faint yellow (A) and a red coloured (B), representing respectively the different colour of metabolite accumulations. A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic as well as a UV spectrophotometric method have been developed for detecting the flavonoids in cultured cells. It revealed that the A line contained 1.9% flavonoids and 0.42% jaceosidin, which was 2.5 times and 3.9 times more than B line; 2.6 and 4.2 times more than the initial callus cells respectively.     

不同品系椰扁甲啮小蜂寄生对2种寄主脂肪体组织的影响

【目的】探究不同品系椰扁甲啮小蜂(水椰八角铁甲繁育的Tb-On品系,椰心叶甲繁育的Tb-Bl品系)寄生对水椰八角铁甲和椰心叶甲蛹脂滴形态的影响,为解析该蜂调控靶标寄主脂肪体代谢过程提供科学依据。【方法】利用油红O染色观察椰扁甲啮小蜂幼体内脂滴以及被寄生的水椰八角铁甲和椰心叶甲蛹脂肪体组织结构的动态变化。【结果】在相同发育时段(在寄主体内分别发育至48、72和96 h)内,Tb-On品系与Tb-Bl品系幼体脂滴的形态及分布无明显区别,在发育早期仅头部及表皮可见少量脂滴,随着发育时间的延长,脂滴逐渐充满整个幼体体腔。不同品系椰扁甲啮小蜂分别寄生同一种类寄主时,不同处理寄主间的脂肪体组织结构变化无明显差异;但同一品系椰扁甲啮小蜂寄生不同寄主时,不同处理寄主间的脂肪体组织结构变化存在明显差异,水椰八角铁甲蛹被寄生后24 h脂滴逐步裂解,脂滴的染色面积上升而光密度值下降,而椰心叶甲蛹在被寄生后48 h其体内的脂滴才逐步裂解。随着寄生蜂幼体的不断发育,2种寄主蛹内脂滴染色面积和光密度值均呈持续下降趋势,脂滴着色逐渐变浅甚至消失。【结论】不同品系椰扁甲啮小蜂幼体脂滴的形态及分布在相同发育时段内无明显区别;被同一品系椰扁甲啮小蜂寄生后,水椰八角铁甲蛹脂肪体组织的裂解早于椰心叶甲,裂解出的脂滴可为椰扁甲啮小蜂幼体的生长发育提供脂类营养物质来源。