A complete solution for dissecting pure main and epistatic effects of QTL in triple testcross design

Epistasis plays an important role in genetics, evolution and crop breeding. To detect the epistasis, triple test cross (TTC) design had been developed several decades ago. Classical procedures for the TTC design use only linear transformations Z(1), Z(2) and Z(3), calculated from the TTC family means of quantitative trait, to infer the nature of the collective additive, dominance and epistatic effects of all the genes. Although several quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approaches in the TTC design have been developed, these approaches do not provide a complete solution for dissecting pure main and epistatic effects. In this study, therefore, we developed a two-step approach to estimate all pure main and epistatic effects in the F(2)-based TTC design under the F(2) and F(∞) metric models. In the first step, with Z(1) and Z(2) the augmented main and epistatic effects in the full genetic model that simultaneously considered all putative QTL on the whole genome were estimated using empirical Bayes approach, and with Z(3) three pure epistatic effects were obtained using two-dimensional genome scans. In the second step, the three pure epistatic effects obtained in the first step were integrated with the augmented epistatic and main effects for the further estimation of all other pure effects. A series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments has been carried out to confirm the proposed method. The results from simulation experiments show that: 1) the newly defined genetic parameters could be rightly identified with satisfactory statistical power and precision; 2) the F(2)-based TTC design was superior to the F(2) and F(2:3) designs; 3) with Z(1) and Z(2) the statistical powers for the detection of augmented epistatic effects were substantively affected by the signs of pure epistatic effects; and 4) with Z(3) the estimation of pure epistatic effects required large sample size and family replication number. The extension of the proposed method in this study to other base populations was further discussed.     

光强在低温弱光胁迫后番茄叶片光合作用恢复中的作用

为了研究光强在低温弱光胁迫后番茄叶片光合作用恢复中的作用,以番茄品种浙粉202为材料,研究了低温弱光后恢复期全光照与遮荫对光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明：低温弱光（8℃/12℃,PFD 80 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）导致番茄叶片P_n、Φ_PSⅡ、qP和F_v′/F_m′的下降,但诱导了NPQ的上升,未引起F_v/F_m的变化;全光照（100%光照）下恢复1 使得植株叶片P_n、F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、qP、NPQ和F_v′/F_m′均大幅下降,随后光合和荧光参数可缓慢恢复至对照水平;遮荫（40%光照）恢复植株F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ和F_v′/F_m′仅在第一天稍有下降,而P_n和qP还略有上升,NPQ虽有所降低但仍显著高于对照水平,随后光合和荧光参数均可迅速恢复到对照水平。说明低温弱光虽抑制了光合作用的进行,但并未引起光抑制的发生;全光照恢复加剧了叶片光抑制的发生,而遮荫恢复可通过叶片PSⅡ光化学活性的快速恢复和天线色素热耗散能力的增强以保护光合机构免受伤害,有利于光合作用的迅速恢复。     

瑞舒伐他汀对兔心肌梗死后心室重构及细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察瑞舒伐他汀对新西兰大白兔心肌梗死后左室重构及心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法:45只雄性新西兰大白兔随机分成三组,即:假手术组(S,n=15),心肌梗死对照组(MI,n=15),心肌梗死瑞舒伐他汀干预组(R,n=15)MI组和R组大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立AMI模型。心肌梗死对照组及假手术组术后24h灌等量的生理盐水。瑞舒伐他汀干预组于术后24h直接灌胃法给药,给药剂量以10mg/kg*d计算。干预2周后,进行心脏超声测定,随即处死新西兰大白兔、取出心脏,观察病理组织形态,并通过Western blot方法检测Bcl-2,Bax在心肌梗死边缘区的蛋白表达。结果:①心脏超声检测表明干预组左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末内径(LVESD)较心肌梗死对照组降低而左室射血分数(LVEF)较心肌梗死对照组增高②干预组心肌梗死边缘区Bax表达与心肌梗死对照组比较未见统计学差异,而Bcl-2表达高于心肌梗死对照组。结论:瑞舒伐他汀上调Bcl-2的表达,改善心室重构     

细胞支架研究进展

目前细胞培养通常采用二维平面培养技术,但由于在培养板和培养瓶二维细胞培养并不能完全模拟体内细胞的三维生长环境,因此所得的试验数据与在体情况有偏差。然而细胞支架材料却能为细胞提供一个良好的三维生长环境,更利于细胞粘附、生长和增殖。目前可用于细胞支架材料的来源有天然和人工两大类,现将细胞支架研究进展综述如下。     

腔内治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的:下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)是血管外科常见疾病,我们拟讨论腔内成形术在ASO治疗中的应用.方法:回顾2008年5月至2010年4月我科收治的76例ASO病例,对手术成功率、手术效果和糖尿病等合并症对疗效的影响进行分析.结果:总体技术成功61例,技术成功率80.3%,FontaineⅡ期组技术成功36例(成功率92.3%),明显高于Ⅲ期(82.1%)和Ⅳ期组(22.2%);合并糖尿病组22例(28.9%),技术成功15例(成功率68.2%),低于无糖尿病组的85.2%;结论:腔内成形术是治疗ASO的有效微创手术方法,积极腔内手术干预有助提高早期患者成功率,同时对晚期患者可有效改善症状.     

近红外光谱技术在猫脑射频热凝毁损中的应用研究

目的:探索近红外光谱(nears)技术用于立体定向靶点毁损术中实时监测的可行性。方法:利用猫脑建立体内不同毁损时间、温度下的毁损灶体积模型,通过病理检测及近红外光谱仪观察并记录脑组织靶点毁损时的NIRS尤其是优化散射系数()的变化情况。结果:不同温度、不同时间温度点下NIRS出现特征性变化曲线。并建立时间、温度及三维模型。结论:利用NIRS实时活体在位监测猫脑射频神经核团毁损术是科学、可行的,优化散射系数是监测的良好指标,比以往单凭经验的作法更科学、更准确。     

尘螨变应原Der f1 真核表达载体的构建及转染CHO 细胞

目的:构建尘螨变应原Der f1真核表达载体,转染真核细胞并进行蛋白表达.方法:根据Genebank中Der f1基因的核酸序列(AB034946),设计引物,采用PCR法,从保存的JM109工程菌中扩增Der f1编码基因,克隆到真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/myc-hisA上,以脂质体法转染CHO细胞,经G418筛选,进行稳定表达细胞株的筛选和鉴定.结果:将目的基因Der f1成功连接到pcDNA3.1/myc-hisA-Derf1并转染CHO细胞,获得稳定表达的CHO细胞株.结论:成功构建了尘螨变应原Der f1真核表达载体,并转染CHO细胞表达蛋白质.     

iCare眼压计测量小鼠眼压值与真实眼压的相关性研究

目的:通过前房插管技术调节小鼠眼压,研究iCare眼压计测量小鼠眼压值与小鼠真实眼压之间的相关性。方法:取20只12周龄的C57BL/6J小鼠,麻醉后行前房穿刺置管,通过改变BSS液瓶高度调节其眼压。使用iCare眼压计测量其眼压值。采用SPSS软件分析iCare眼压计测量值和小鼠真实眼压之间的相关性。结果:iCare眼压计测量值与真实眼压之间相差较大,较真实眼压低约54%-71%,然而两者之间遵循如下线性回归方程:真实眼压(mmHg)=3.3988×(iCare眼压计测量值)-5.6292,rZ=0.9506,P<0.05。结论:iCare眼压计测量值较小鼠真实眼压低,然而在应用线性回归公式的情况下,iCare眼压计的测量修正值可以反映小鼠实际眼压值。     

不同RF型类风湿性关节炎患者Th17相关细胞因子表达研究

目的:探讨类风湿因子阳性与阴性类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者外周血中辅助T细胞(Th17)及相关细胞因子白介素17(interleukin,IL-17),白介素6(interleukin,IL-6)表达的差异。方法:收集RA患者51例,根据RF测定分为RF+、RF-组,健康查体者(对照组)20例,采用流式细胞术检测受检者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的Th17细胞的百分率;以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测受检者血浆中IL-17,IL-6的水平。结果:RA患者CD4+IL-17+T细胞,IL-17、IL-6水平均高于对照组,RF因子阳性与阴性RA患者之间CD4+IL-17+T细胞,IL-17、IL-6表达水平均存在差异有统计学意义。结论:在RA中不同RF型免疫反应和炎症表达的不同,可能与Th17及相关细胞因子表达差异有关。     

广东地区花绒寄甲替代寄主的研究

将花绒寄甲Dastarcus heloporoides Fairmaire幼虫接于替代寄主黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor、吉丁虫Buprestidaesp和大麦虫Zophobas morio,结果表明,黄粉甲幼虫、蛹和成虫均能繁育出花绒寄甲成虫,平均羽化率能达到20%以上,是较好的替代寄主.用黄粉甲繁育的花绒寄...