Differentiating aquatic plant communities in a eutrophic river using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing

1. This study evaluates the efficacy of remote sensing technology to monitor species composition, areal extent and density of aquatic plants (macrophytes and filamentous algae) in impoundments where their presence may violate water‐quality standards. 2. Multispectral satellite (IKONOS) images and more than 500 in situ hyperspectral samples were acquired to map aquatic plant distributions. By analyzing field measurements, we created a library of hyperspectral signatures for a variety of aquatic plant species, associations and densities. We also used three vegetation indices. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), near‐infrared (NIR)‐Green Angle Index (NGAI) and normalized water absorption depth (D_H)_, at wavelengths 554, 680, 820 and 977 nm to differentiate among aquatic plant species composition, areal density and thickness in cases where hyperspectral analysis yielded potentially ambiguous interpretations. 3. We compared the NDVI derived from IKONOS imagery with the in situ, hyperspectral‐derived NDVI. The IKONOS‐based images were also compared to data obtained through routine visual observations. Our results confirmed that aquatic species composition alters spectral signatures and affects the accuracy of remote sensing of aquatic plant density. The results also demonstrated that the NGAI has apparent advantages in estimating density over the NDVI and the D_H. 4. In the feature space of the three indices, 3D scatter plot analysis revealed that hyperspectral data can differentiate several aquatic plant associations. High‐resolution multispectral imagery provided useful information to distinguish among biophysical aquatic plant characteristics. Classification analysis indicated that using satellite imagery to assess Lemna coverage yielded an overall agreement of 79% with visual observations and >90% agreement for the densest aquatic plant coverages. 5. Interpretation of biophysical parameters derived from high‐resolution satellite or airborne imagery should prove to be a valuable approach for assessing the effectiveness of management practices for controlling aquatic plant growth in inland waters, as well as for routine monitoring of aquatic plants in lakes and suitable lentic environments.     

Effective connectivity of dorsal and ventral visual pathways in chunk decomposition

Chunk decomposition is defined as a cognitive process which breaks up familiar items into several parts to reorganize them in an alternative approach. The present study investigated the effective connectivity of visual streams in chunk decomposition through dynamic causal modeling (DCM). The results revealed that chunk familiarity and perceptual tightness made a combined contribution to highlight not only the “what” and the “where” streams, but also the effective connectivity from the left inferior temporal gyrus to the left superior parietal lobule.     

糖原合酶激酶-3β调节9G8介导的tau外显子10的可变剪接

Tau外显子10的可变剪接产生含3个微管结合片段或4个微管结合片段的tau蛋白变异体(3R-tau和4R-tau).正常成年人脑中,3R-tau和4R-tau的表达水平相近,这种比例对于维持正常脑功能非常重要.9G8是剪接因子SR蛋白家族中的成员之一,参与多种基因转录产物的剪接调控,它的功能和活性受磷酸化高度调节.糖原合酶激酶(GSK)-3β是体内重要的蛋白激酶,已有研究显示它参与调节tau外显子10的可变剪接.利用微型tau基因研究了9G8在不同细胞系中对tau外显子10可变剪接的作用以及GSK-3β对9G8介导的tau外显子10可变剪接的影响.结果显示,过表达9G8抑制tau外显子10的表达,GSK-3β在体外可催化9G8的磷酸化,GSK-3β可以被9G8从大鼠脑匀浆中沉降(pull-down),提示它们之间可能存在相互作用,在培养的细胞中,GSK-3β与9G8之间存在共定位,过表达GSK-3β抑制9G8对外显子10可变剪接的作用,有利于4R-tau的产生.这些结果显示GSK-3β影响9G8介导的tau外显子10的剪接.     

大鼠细小肺动脉平滑肌细胞原代培养和鉴定方法的研究

目的：建立一种重复性好、培养周期短及传代次数多的大鼠细小肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）培养方法。方法：在无菌条件下,分离雄性SD大鼠肺细小动脉,剥离外膜和剔除内皮细胞,经胶原酶I消化,培养PASMCs。0.4%台盼蓝染色测定细胞活力;倒置相差显微镜观察;免疫细胞化学法和免疫荧光染色法,进行平滑肌α-肌动蛋白（α-SMactin）鉴定。结果：形态学观察、免疫细胞化学法及免疫荧光染色法鉴定表明培养细胞为PASMCs;细胞存活率在96.5%以上;原代培养后4～7d即可传代,并且生长特点、细胞形态不易发生改变。结论：采用胶原酶I消化法培养PASMCs,方法简单、酶消化时间易控制、培养周期短、重复性好,培养的原代PASMCs具有数量多和生长迅速的特点。     

中国天然草地植被生长气象条件评价模型

应用模糊数学方法,构造了影响中国天然草地植被生长的光、温、水函数;通过光、温、水评价结果之间的"与"运算,建立了天然草地植被生长气象条件综合评价模型;采用积分方法,反映草地植被任意时段气象条件的时间累积影响效应;通过气象条件指数的年际对比,评价草地植被生长气象条件的优劣;最后,利用上述模型计算了2005年和2006年中国天然草地植被月、季以及主要生长期气象条件指数,并进行了对比分析、应用和效果检验。结果表明,2年不同时间尺度的气象条件指数对比结果能够客观地反映2006年中国天然草地植被生长气象条件的优劣分布,与实际产草量、株高的对比结果基本一致,应用效果较好。     

北京地区两株人偏肺病毒M蛋白基因的原核表达及抗原活性分析

人偏肺病毒(Human metapneumovirus,hMPV)是最近发现的可引起人类呼吸道感染的一种副粘病毒,现被归类于偏肺病毒属(Metapneumovirus),是至今发现的第一个与人类疾病相关的偏肺病毒属成员[1]。目前已经受到世界范围的重视,已有十多个国家报道了不同年龄组人群中hMPV的感染情况。     

中国土鸥螺属一新种记述(原始腹足目,近水螺科,土鸥螺属)

记述了浙江土鸥螺属1新种,即杭州土鸥螺Georissa hangzhounensis sp.nov.土鸥螺属的种类主要分布于东亚、南亚及太平洋沿岸和岛屿.我国主要分布于长江流域,浙江、江苏、安徽、江西、广西、湖南、湖北等省区.本文对新种的形态特征进行了详细描述,并与近似种进行了比较和讨论.     

猪冠状动脉前降支结扎位点和左室功能的线性回归

目的探讨猪冠状动脉前降支(LAD)结扎百分位点和心梗体积、左室射血分数的关系,以期指导研究者能够根据急性心肌梗死模型的心功能要求选择合适的LAD结扎百分位点。方法将47只小型猪开胸结扎心脏LAD中远段约30%~75%的不同百分位点,分别于术前、术后1 h心脏超声检查左室射血分数(LVEF),术后3 d进行常规冠状动脉造影,4周处死测量前降支结扎位点和梗死体积,最后用简单直线回归模型分析LAD结扎百分位点和心梗体积、左室射血分数回归方程和相关系数。结果47例动物手术过程中死亡8只,剩余39只存活动物冠状动脉造影均显示LAD中远段结扎部位处完全闭塞,表明手术成功。LAD结扎百分位点和术后1 h LVEF、术后1 hLVEF下降值、梗死心肌体积均明显相关(相关系数r分别为0.87、0.78和0.90,P均<0.001),其回归方程分别为:术后LVEF(%)=65.88-0.55x结扎百分位点;术后LVEF下降值(%)=0.12 0.59x结扎百分位点;心肌梗死体积(%)=0.53x结扎百分位点-5.43。结论猪LAD结扎百分位点和术后左室功能、梗死心肌体积均存在显著的相关性,可根据实验目的和对心功能的要求选择合适的结扎百分位点。     

Polymorphisms in the 5′ regulatory region of myostatin gene are associated with early growth traits in Yorkshire pigs

Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. The present study cloned the 5′ regulatory region of porcine myostatin gene, screened its polymorphisms and analyzed their associations with early growth traits in Yorkshire pigs. The results indicated that a fragment length polymorphism and a polymorphism concerning two nucleotide changes exist in the 5′ regulatory region of porcine myostatin gene. At sites 435 and 447, allele A and allele B have the haplotypes of A-G and G-A, respectively. The allelic frequency of B is 0.475 in Yorkshire pigs. No homozygous BB genotype was detected in 9 Laiwu Black pigs. Allele B was found to have positive effect on body weight on day 21 (BW21) (P<0.01), body weight on day 28 (BW28) (P<0.05), body weight on day 70 (BW70) (P<0.05), average daily gain from birth to 21 d (ADG1) (P<0.01), average daily gain from birth to 28 d (ADG2) (P<0.05) and average daily gain from 21 d to 70 d (ADG3) (P<0.01), respectively. The additive effect of allele B on BW21, BW28, BW70, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG3 was 0.596±0.205 kg (P=0.0041), 0.498±0.200 kg (P=0.0136), 1.409±0.551 kg (P=0.0112), 28.39±9.74 g P=0.0041), 17.78±7.15 g (P=0.0136) and 37.00±16.92 g (P=0.0304), respectively, whereas its effect on average daily gain from 28 d to 70 d (ADG4) was not significant (P>0.1), although BB individuals are superior in average daily gain to AA and AB.     

结核分枝杆菌sRNA Mpr5的功能验证

【目的】探究结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. tb)中sRNA Mpr5对分枝杆菌的抗逆性及宿主细胞生理的影响。【方法】构建结核分枝杆菌sRNA Mpr5过表达的重组耻垢分枝杆菌(Mycolicibacterium smegmatis, M. smeg) M3-Atc,以转入空载质粒(pSI)的野生型耻垢分枝杆菌T1-Atc作为对照,观察细菌体外生长能力和菌落形态变化。通过非生物胁迫处理(低氧、饥饿、0.02%十二烷基硫酸钠)探究重组菌株的抗逆能力。用重组耻垢分枝杆菌侵染人非小细胞肺癌上皮细胞系A549,活菌涂板计算细菌的胞内增殖能力,利用免疫荧光染色观察感染后细胞的生理结构变化。【结果】sRNA Mpr5过表达菌株的体外生长与菌落形态均与野生型相似。抗逆性实验表明Mpr5过表达菌株(M3-Atc)的抗表面活性剂能力在4 h时显著提高(P<0.05);在饥饿模型中M3-Atc早期(2–12 h)就表现出生长劣势(P<0.05);低氧模型中M3-Atc菌株0–3 d均处于生长优势状态,增长均高于对照组(P<0.05),3d后增长...