紫杉醇产生菌及其工程菌株之间的AFLP遗传差异分析

采用AFLP技术对三株紫杉醇产生菌(HQD33、HQD43、HQD54)及HQD33菌株经复合诱变后再经原生质体诱变得到的两株诱变株UL50-6和UV40-19及其融合菌株J1-3进行了分析,结果表明三株紫杉醇产生菌分属不同的种属,同时首次从分子水平上证实Z35-8,J1-3为两株不同的融合子,为下一步的基因工程育种工作中的基因定位和分子克隆提供丰富可靠的分子标记。     

海湾扇贝血细胞的表面结构及超微结构

通过光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜的观察对海湾扇贝血细胞的形态、表面结构及超微结构进行了研究。根据细胞的大小、形态结构可将血细胞分成四种类型:Ⅰ型小透明细胞,大小约(2·38±0·08)μm,约占比例30%-35%;Ⅰ型大透明细胞,大小约(4·41±0·33)μm,约占比例15%-25%;Ⅱ型小颗粒细胞,大小约(4·15±0·26)μm,约占比例20%-25%;Ⅱ型大颗粒细胞,大小约(8·26±0·52)μm,约占比例25%-30%。血细胞在血淋巴中的平均密度为(3·75±0·65)×107cell/ml。其中Ⅰ型透明细胞占55·3%,Ⅱ型颗粒细胞占44·7%。表面结构观察结果显示有5种形态:圆形血细胞,梨形或梭形血细胞,松果形血细胞,阿米巴样细胞,大型细胞,表面结构与功能密切相关。透射电镜观察结果表明血细胞主要归属于两大类型:Ⅰ型透明细胞和Ⅱ型颗粒细胞。超微结构显示颗粒细胞的细胞质颗粒可区分成三种类型:Ⅰ型高电子密度颗粒,Ⅱ型低电子密度颗粒和Ⅲ型中等电子密度颗粒,并推测Ⅰ型高电子密度颗粒是细胞吞噬的异物(微生物等)或细胞内的废物(沉积颗粒,衰老的胞器或碎片);Ⅱ型低电子密度颗粒是溶酶体类的胞内分泌颗粒,来源于高尔基复合体或内质网;Ⅲ型中等电子密度颗粒可能是次级溶酶体,由Ⅰ型颗粒向Ⅱ型颗粒融合并注入裂解酶类而形成[动物学报51(3):486-494,2005]。     

Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh-Cut Produce by Treatment with Lytic Bacteriophages and a Bacteriocin

The fresh-cut produce industry has been the fastest-growing portion of the food retail market during the past 10 years, providing consumers with convenient and nutritious food. However, fresh-cut fruits and vegetables raise food safety concerns, because exposed tissue may be colonized more easily by pathogenic bacteria than intact produce. This is due to the higher availability of nutrients on cut surfaces and the greater potential for contamination because of the increased amount of handling. We found that applied Listeria monocytogenes populations survived and increased only slightly on fresh-cut Red Delicious apples stored at 10°C but increased significantly on fresh-cut honeydew melons stored at 10°C over 7 days. In addition, we examined the effect of lytic, L. monocytogenes-specific phages via two phage application methods, spraying and pipetting, on L. monocytogenes populations in artificially contaminated fresh-cut melons and apples. The phage mixture reduced L. monocytogenes populations by 2.0 to 4.6 log units over the control on honeydew melons. On apples, the reduction was below 0.4 log units. In combination with nisin (a bacteriocin), the phage mixture reduced L. monocytogenes populations by up to 5.7 log units on honeydew melon slices and by up to 2.3 log units on apple slices compared to the control. Nisin alone reduced L. monocytogenes populations by up to 3.2 log units on honeydew melon slices and by up to 2.0 log units on apple slices compared to the control. The phage titer was stable on melon slices, but declined rapidly on apple slices. The spray application of the phage and phage plus nisin reduced the bacterial numbers at least as much as the pipette application. The effectiveness of the phage treatment also depended on the initial concentration of L. monocytogenes.     

融合酰基载体蛋白可增强大肠杆菌重组蛋白的可溶性和热稳定性

目前,蛋白质可溶性和热稳定性已成为重组蛋白高效生产、功能应用和长久保存不可回避的问题,而使用酸性蛋白融合标签可能是其有效解决策略。酰基载体蛋白(ACP)是脂肪酸生物合成途径的必要组分,在大肠杆菌中为一个高度酸性的小分子多肽。将大肠杆菌ACP与几个热不稳定的靶蛋白[如小桐子抗坏血酸过氧化物酶1(Jc APX1)、大豆核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化/加氧酶的活化酶2(GmRCA2)、大肠杆菌高丝氨酸O-转琥珀酰酶(EcMetA)]进行基因融合并使其在大肠杆菌中诱导表达,发现ACP融合能显著增强这些重组靶蛋白的可溶性。另外,对重组蛋白的热处理和酶活性分析发现,融合ACP还能极大提高这三个靶蛋白的热稳定性,并有效保护JcAPX1酶活免遭热失活,使其耐热性提高了至少2℃。ACP的这种效果推测可能与其高酸度特性有关,可以作为一个新的功能酸性融合标签。     

一种高效的酵母菌培养基的设计

为了设计一种高效酵母菌培养基,以便在需要酵母菌快速生长繁殖时,使用该类培养基,在较短时间内获得大量酵母菌,分别以LB培养基、麦氏培养基作为最基本的培养基加入一定量的大豆提取物,配制成为一定浓度的培养基,并用于酵母菌的培养。根据酵母菌的生长情况,判定大豆提取物对酵母菌的生长繁殖是否有促进作用。实验证明,大豆提取物对酵母菌生长繁殖具有明显的促进作用,尤其是浓度为6％时作用最明显。结果表明,采用LB或麦氏培养基加入6％的大豆提取物对酵母菌的生长促进作用最佳,是一种高效的酵母菌培养基。     

外源α-萘乙酸对花期干旱大豆碳代谢的影响

以耐旱性大豆品种晋豆21和干旱敏感性大豆品种徐豆22为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,研究α-萘乙酸(NAA)对花期干旱大豆碳代谢的影响.结果表明: 干旱胁迫下,与徐豆22相比,晋豆21净光合速率(P_n)下降幅度较小,光呼吸速率(P_r)和叶片可溶性糖含量增加幅度较小,而叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)(合成方向)活性、根系蔗糖含量增加幅度较大.NAA处理提高了干旱胁迫下P_n,并降低了P_r,进而明显缓解了干旱胁迫对大豆植株的生长抑制;降低了叶片淀粉分解酶、酸性转化酶(AI)和SS(分解方向)活性,从而抑制了干旱胁迫诱导的可溶性糖积累;NAA处理也能增加干旱胁迫下叶片SPS、SS(合成方向)活性、根系蔗糖含量、根冠比,表明NAA处理促进了叶片中蔗糖向根系的转运.总之,在干旱胁迫下,外源NAA能够通过调控碳代谢增强大豆植株对干旱胁迫的耐受性.     

大鼠全脑缺血后海马CA1区锥体神经元L型钙通道电流的改变(英文)

已有研究表明在脑缺血期间及再灌流后早期,海马CA1锥体神经元细胞内钙浓度明显升高,这一钙超载被认为是缺血性脑损伤的重要机制之一.电压依赖性钙通道是介导正常CA1神经元钙内流的主要途径.实验观察了脑缺血再灌流后早期海马CA1锥体神经元电压依赖性L型钙通道的变化.以改良的四血管闭塞法制作大鼠 15min前脑缺血模型,在急性分离的海马CA1神经元上,采用膜片钳细胞贴附式记录L型电压依赖性钙通道电流.脑缺血后CA1神经元L型钙通道的总体平均电流明显增大,这是由于通道的开放概率增加所致.进一步分析单通道动力学显示,脑缺血后通道的开放时间变长,通道的开放频率增大.研究结果提示L型钙通道功能活动增强可能参与了缺血后海马CA1锥体神经元的细胞内钙浓度升高     

5种光合细菌种间原生质体融合及优良农用融合子的筛选鉴定

处于对数生长期的光合细菌球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonassphaeroides)、沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonaspalustris)、嗜酸红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomdnasacidophila)、深红红螺菌(Rhodospirarubrum)、万尼氏红微菌(Rhodomocrobiumvannielii),经溶菌酶(3mg/L)处理50min后,获得了它们的菌体形成的原生质体,其再生率分别为80%、71%、82%、61%、74%.取等量的亲本菌株在35%的PEG(MW6000)诱导下两两融合5min,共10种组合.其融合率为球×沼2.5×10-4、球×嗜2.1×10-4、球×深2.0×10-4、球×万2.1×10-4、沼×嗜2.8×10-4、沼×深2.4×10-4、沼×万2.6×10-4、嗜×深2.0×10-4、嗜×万2.3×10-4、深×万2.4×10-4.经影印法鉴定:形成的融合子可以分别生长于以相应的有机物为唯一碳源的培养基上,所有融合子体积均相当于两亲本株体积之和,融合子菌落形态特征介于两亲本株之间.从中随机挑选100个融合子,以辣椒苗作为靶标植物,从上述融合子中筛选到了1株具有显著促进作物生长、提高抗病性的融合子.     

伤寒Vi多糖菌苗免疫血清的LPS抗体测定

以肠炎沙门氏菌脂多糖为抗原,用酶标法测定Ｖｉ多糖菌苗免疫血清的抗ＬＰＳ抗体。各Ｖｉ多糖菌苗组免疫后１月,６月的抗ＬＰＳ水平均显著高于免前（Ｐ＜０．０００１）,对照组无显著差异（ｐ＞０．１）。两３０μｇ菌苗组抗ＬＰＳ阳转率均约为１５％。提纯Ｖｉ多糖菌苗所含的微量伤寒ＬＰＳ,也可能为接种者提供一定的保护作用。     

Gene expression profile in immunologically injured liver cell of mice

To study the gene expression profiles between immunologically injured liver cell and normal liver cell of mice and to screen on a large scale the differentially expressed genes associated with the formation of liver injury, the experimental mice were randomly divided into the normal group for controlling and the immunologically liver-injured group induced by BCG and LPS. The liver mRNA of the two groups were extracted respectively and reversely-transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of different fluorescence (Cy3, Cy5) labeled dUTP as the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to the cDNA microarray chips. The fluorescent signal results were acquired by scanner ScanArray 4000 and analyzed with software GenePix Pro 3.0. Among the 14112 target genes, 293 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed, in which 188 genes were up-regulated and 105 genes were down-regulated. Based on the analysis of biological functions of those differentially expressed genes, it was indicated that the occurrence and development of mouse liver damage induced by BCG and LPS were highly correlated with the processes of immune reactions, cell synthesis, metabolism, apoptosis and transportation in liver cell, which might be quite important for elucidating the regulatory network of gene expression associated with the liver damage, also important for finally discovering the pathogenic mechanisms of immunological liver damage.