微囊化细胞培养过程的物质传递机理和细胞生长特性

综述了用于描述微囊化细胞培养过程中物质传递机理和细胞生长特性的数学模型,分析了这些模型在应用于微囊化细胞培养系统时所存在的问题,为建立能精确描述微囊化细胞培养过程中的物质传递机理和细胞生长特性的数学模型提供必要的参考,以有效推动微囊化技术在生物医学工程领域的应用。     

黑龙江省野生大豆、栽培大豆高异黄酮种质资源筛选

利用改进的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测了黑龙江省野生大豆(Glycine soja)、栽培大豆(G. max) 60份种质资源的异黄酮含量.结果表明,不同类型大豆种质资源异黄酮含量有明显遗传差异,变幅为416.2～6808.2μg/g,野生大豆高于栽培大豆,筛选出高异黄酮野生大豆种质资源4份、高异黄酮栽培大豆种质资源2份.     

一个水稻卷叶主效QTL的定位及其物理图谱的构建

以水稻平展叶品种奇妙香和中度卷叶品种91SP068组合的F2无性系群体为定位群体,利用微卫星标记(SSR)对卷叶基因进行定位。在第5染色体长臂上定位到1个卷叶主效QTLS(rl8),它来自亲本91SP068,两侧标记为RM6954和RM6841,标记间的遗传距离为3．8cM,rl8距RM6954 1．0cM。所估计的加性效应和显性效应两年间均有所不同,2002年和2003年通过复合区间作图法所估计的加性效应分别为9．61和6．23,显性效应分别为-1．19和-4．44,两年间对表型的贡献率变化在20％～33％。同时,构建了覆盖该QTL区间的物理图谱,两标记间的物理距离为542kb,遗传距离和物理距离之比为144kb／cM。     

套式RT-PCR方法检测临床样品中的猪流感病毒

猪流感是由猪流感病毒(Swine influenza virus,SIV)引起的一种呼吸道传染病,具有发病率高、死亡率低的特点,罹患流感的怀孕母猪还有并发流产的危险.猪流感已给我国养猪业带来严重危害.     

GFP-mTn融合蛋白对蓝猪耳生活细胞微丝骨架的标记

用农杆菌介导法将嵌合基因GFP-mTn(mTn是微丝结合蛋白Talin的微丝结合域,可以显示活体细胞中微丝的结构)导入蓝猪耳.经激光共聚焦显微镜观察了转基因植株的各种不同组织中融合蛋白的表达和分布情况.在叶片的表皮细胞、保卫细胞、根部的皮层细胞中有融合蛋白的不同程度表达.但仅在保卫细胞中微丝标记状况良好,显示基因表达的组织特异性.经光诱导处于开放态的气孔的保卫细胞微丝呈网状结构,在细胞内无规则分布;经黑暗诱导处于关闭态的气孔保卫细胞中微丝束沿保卫细胞纵轴排列,呈卷曲状分布,并观察到螺旋和环状的微丝结构.在转基因植株的其他部位,例如茎表皮细胞、根毛细胞和花粉粒中,未检测到目的基因的表达.本研究获得的转基因植株为研究气孔运动过程中微丝动态变化提供了有用的材料.     

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection leads to arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle

Infection by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is thought to cause dysregulated T-cell proliferation, which in turn leads to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Early cellular changes after HTLV-1 infection have been difficult to study due to the poorly infectious nature of HTLV-1 and the need for cell-to-cell contact for HTLV-1 transmission. Using a series of reporter systems, we show that HeLa cells cease proliferation within one or two division cycles after infection by HTLV-1 or transduction of the HTLV-1 tax gene. HTLV-1-infected HeLa cells, like their tax-transduced counterparts, expressed high levels of p21^CIP1/WAF1 and p27^KIP1, developed mitotic abnormalities, and became arrested in G₁ in senescence. In contrast, cells of a human osteosarcoma lineage (HOS) continued to divide after HTLV-1 infection or Tax expression, albeit at a reduced growth rate and with mitotic aberrations. Unique to HOS cells is the dramatic reduction of p21^CIP1/WAF1 and p27^KIP1 expression, which is in part associated with the constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The loss of p21^CIP1/WAF1 and p27^KIP1 in HOS cells apparently allows HTLV-1- and Tax-induced G₁ arrest to be bypassed. Finally, HTLV-1 infection and Tax expression also cause human SupT1 T cells to arrest in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle. These results suggest that productive HTLV-1 infection ordinarily leads to Tax-mediated G₁ arrest. However, T cells containing somatic mutations that inactivate p21^CIP1/WAF1 and p27^KIP1 may continue to proliferate after HTLV-1 infection and Tax expression. These infected cells can expand clonally, accumulate additional chromosomal abnormalities, and progress to cancer.     

Two new species and a new series of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China

The new series Elatostema section Elatostema series Albopilosoides Q.Lin & L.D.Duan (Urticaceae) is described, and two new species of Elatostema, namely Elatostema albopilosoides Q.Lin & L.D.Duan and Elatostema purpureum Q.Lin & L.D.Duan. from south Guizhou province, south‐west China are described and illustrated. Both species were found growing only at the base of a large limestone chamber at an altitude of c. 800 m. Elatostema albopilosoides is morphologically similar to E. albopilosum W.T.Wang, but differs by having female inflorescences with peduncles 10–60 mm long (0–1.5 mm long in E. albopilosum) and receptacles 7–27 mm long, 7–24 mm wide (E. albopilosum: 1–4 mm long and 1–3 mm wide). Elatostema purpureum is also morphologically similar to E. albopilosum, but has stipules 5–6 mm long, 0.8–1.5 mm wide (4–7 mm long, 1.5–2.8 mm wide in E. albopilosum) and leaf blades obliquely elliptical to obliquely oblong‐obovate, 3.5–7.5 mm long and 1.5–2.5 mm wide (obliquely narrowly oblanceolate‐oblong, 12–17 cm long, 3–5 cm wide in E. purpureum:). © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 674–680.     

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor negatively regulates activation of human primary natural killer (NK) cells by blocking proliferative signals and increasing NK cell apoptosis

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), found constitutively expressed on human primary natural killer (NK) cells at low levels was up-regulated upon stimulation by either Toll-like receptor ligand or NK cell growth factor, interleukin (IL)-15. cDNA microarray analysis showed that engagement of GITR primarily suppressed the activation of NF-KB pathway of NK cells and up-regulated anti-inflammatory genes heme oxygenase-1 and IL-10. Further analysis revealed that GITR activation suppressed NK cell proliferation in response to IL-15. GITR activation also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine secretion and increased NK cell apoptosis. GITR activation resulted in blocked phosphorylation of Stat5 and Akt, which may have contributed to the observed antiproliferative effect of GITR on NK cells. Increased apoptosis was independent of the Fas-FasL pathway, but Bcl-XL and phospho-Bad protein expressions were diminished, suggesting involvement of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The results suggest that although GITR is an activation marker for NK cells similar to that for T cells, GITR serves as a negative regulator for NK cell activation. Our studies demonstrate a novel physiological role of GITR on NK cells.     

瓶鼻海豚肌肉组织营养组成特征分析

分析了2只瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)肌肉组织的营养组成。分析部位包括胸腔内肌肉、背肌、腹肌和尾肌四个部分。分析结果表明,2只海豚腹肌和尾肌粗脂肪含量较其他部位高,蛋白质及灰分在肌肉组织中的分布规律不明显。海豚不同部位氨基酸组成具有极高的一致性,含量最高的氨基酸均为谷氨酸,最低的是胱氨酸,胸腔内肌肉和背肌中必需氨基酸含量较高,但不同部位必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例基本相当。海豚肌肉组织均存在棕榈酸(16:0)、棕榈油酸(16:1)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)、EPA(20:5ω-3)及DHA(22:6ω-3)等脂肪酸,这些脂肪酸是动物及鱼油中典型的脂肪酸。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的总量与单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的总量相近且大于多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的总量。不饱和脂肪酸中ω-3/ω-6的比值与其他海洋生物相比(通常高于4,有的高达50)明显偏低。海豚肌肉组织中富含Ca、Fe及Zn、Cu、Mn、Se等微量元素。