甜菊叶愈伤组织诱导过程中叶绿体的超微结构变化

观察了甜菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)叶外植体愈伤组织诱导过程中叶绿体的超微结构变化。结果表明,当叶外植体转移到培养基上培养后,叶绿体的片层结构逐渐退化。在叶绿体发生退化的过程中伴有叶绿体出芽和原质体的形成。推测新产生的原质体来自叶绿体产生的芽状体。而叶绿体本身最后完全解体消失。叶绿体超微结构的这种变化与高度液泡化的叶肉细胞脱分化至分生状态是平行的。随着培养的进行,分生状态的细胞发生液泡化变为薄壁细胞时,在愈伤组织表层的细胞中,质体重新形成片层结构,而内部细胞的质体则充满淀粉粒。     

Non-specific phospholipase C4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids and promotes rapeseed growth and yield

Phosphorus is a major nutrient vital for plant growth and development, with a substantial amount of cellular phosphorus being used for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids. Here, we report that NON-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4 (NPC4) in rapeseed (Brassica napus) releases phosphate from phospholipids to promote growth and seed yield, as plants with altered NPC4 levels showed significant changes in seed production under different phosphate conditions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated knockout of BnaNPC4 led to elevated accumulation of phospholipids and decreased growth, whereas overexpression (OE) of BnaNPC4 resulted in lower phospholipid contents and increased plant growth and seed production. We demonstrate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in vitro, and plants with altered BnaNPC4 function displayed changes in their sphingolipid and glycerolipid contents in roots, with a greater change in glycerolipids than sphingolipids in leaves, particularly under phosphate deficiency conditions. In addition, BnaNPC4-OE plants led to the upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, phosphate release, and phosphate transport and an increase in free inorganic phosphate in leaves. These results indicate that BnaNPC4 hydrolyzes phosphosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids in rapeseed to enhance phosphate release from membrane phospholipids and promote growth and seed production.     

小麦Kr基因在小麦与玉米或鸭茅状摩擦禾杂交中的失活

用３７个小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）品种（系）为母本,分别与黑麦（Ｓｅｃａｌｅｃｅｒｅａｌｅ）、球茎大麦（Ｈｏｒｄｅｕｍｂｕｌｂｏｓｕｍ）、玉米（Ｚｅａｍａｙｓ）和鸭茅状摩擦禾（Ｔｒｉｐｓａｃｕｍｄａｃｔｙｌｏｉｄｅｓ）杂交,比较其亲和性,小麦和玉米或鸭茅状摩擦禾杂交比小麦与黑麦或球茎大麦杂交的亲和性显著提高。携带着显性Ｋｒ１和Ｋｒ２基因的小麦品种Ｈｏｐｅ与黑麦杂交,不能形成胚,而与玉米及鸭茅状摩擦禾杂交时,成胚率分别达１６．００％和３２．５０％。表明控制小麦与黑麦及球茎大麦杂交亲和性的Ｋｒ基因系统在小麦与玉米及小麦与鸭茅状摩擦禾属间杂交中失活。讨论了还存在有其它控制小麦属间杂交亲和性的遗传调控系统的可能性。     

应用FIA型微生物传感器测定谷氨酸含量的研究

目前应用酶或微生物细胞作为分子识别元件构建生物传感器测定谷氨酸含量的研究引起了广泛的兴趣,并陆续有实例报道。在这些报道中人们依据不同的酶催反应选择相应的离子选择性电极,如CO₂电极、NH₄⁺电极等,而测量对象有直接的测定谷氨酸,也有测定谷氨酸单钠的间接测定法。本文选用了可固定大量细胞的固定化细胞柱与流动注入法相结合的测量方法,并根据细胞柱的动力学模型分析动态响应曲线,计算测量结果,提高了测量精度,扩大了测量范围。     

Acid-base equilibria of air-water monolayers ofN-hexadecyl-8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxamide

The surface pressure-area (-A) isotherms ofN-hexadecyl-8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxamide (HHQ) monolayers at an air-water interface on subphases with different pH values were investigated. The monolayer of HHQ was expanded and unstable on acidic subphases, while it was condensed and stable on basic subphases. The acid-base equilibrium of HHQ was investigated in an aqueous dioxane solution and at the air-water interface. The association-dissociation of HHQ with H⁺ ions in the interfacial region was very different from that in the aqueous dioxane solution. Some information regarding the packing density, phase transition and degree of ionization of the head group under different experimental conditions has been obtained.     

20-羟基蜕皮酮对蓖麻蚕蛹体液免疫的调节作用(英)

本研究指出20—羟基蜕皮酮(20-OHE)参加蓖麻蚕蛹对大肠杆菌的体液免疫反应。20-OHE的作用方式是多方面的,包括提高血淋巴蛋白质含量,产生抗菌蛋白,增加溶菌酶活性,和激活原酚氧化酶系统。这表明多个免疫控制系统参与蓖麻蚕蛹体液免疫反应的可能性。     

新型气升式反应器在发酵培养中的应用研究

本文以Ｌ－苹果酸生产为例,采用新型的分段内循环气升式反应器分批培养产延胡索酸酶的产氨短杆菌ＭＡ－２,并与同等规模机械搅拌反应器中接着的结果相比较。数据表明,采用气升式发酵设备进行培养,该菌体的收率能提高近３％,且发酵周期能缩短一半左右,显著降低培养成本,该类型的反应器具有广阔的应用前景。     

马铃薯人工种子的研究

本研究以虎头（Ｈ）、克四（Ｋ）和Ｆａｖｏｒｉｔａ（Ｆ）三个品种的马铃薯不定芽在液体培养条件下诱导生成的微型薯为试材,经筛选后获得的大小一致的微型薯经过适度的低温处理后,用４％的海藻酸钠和２％的氯化钙溶液,在附加一定的植物激素条件下,进行人。种皮包埋形成人工种子。在无菌条件下,三个品种的人工种子萌发率均达９０％以上。在土壤中,人工种子萌发率可达６０％以上,萌发的人工种子中８０％能够形成生长发育正常的完整植株。     

REGULATORY ROLE OF 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE ON HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN THE PUPAE OF THE INDIAN SILKWORM,PHZLOSAMIA CYNTHIA RICINI*

Abstract The present study shows that 20-hydroxyecdysone(20-OHE) participates in the humoral immune responses of Philosamia Cynthia ricini, either normal or debrained pupae, to the E. coli. The mode of action of 20—-OHE is multiple. It raises hemolymph protein content, makes antibacterial proteins be produced, increases lysozyme activity, and activates prophenoloxidase system. It is possible that several immune control systems are involved.