高分辨裂解—气相色谱在前胡族系统分类中的应用

采用高分辨裂解－气相色谱法对前胡族（Peucedaneae Drude)20属35种植物的叶片成分进行分析,经过聚类分析得出以下结果：35种植物基本可分为3大类,对应于3个亚族。阿魏亚族（Ferulinae Drude)的球根阿魏属（Schumannia Kuntze)、伊犁芹属（Talassia Korov.)和簇花芹属（Soranthus Ledeb.)均应为独立属。环翅芹亚族（Tordyliinae Drude)的四带芹属[Tetrataenium(DC.)Manden.]和大瓣芹属（Semenovia Regel et Herd.)二者也作为独立属处理为宜,其中有争议的锐尖叶独活[Heracleum longilobum(Norman)Sheh et T.S.Wang]不应作为大瓣芹属成员,仍应保留于独活属。当归亚族（Angelicinae Drude)的山芎[Conioselinum chinense(L.)Britton]和东当归[Angelica acutiloba(Sieb.et Zucc.)Kitagawa]曾被作为阿米芹族（Ammineae Koch)的蛇床属（Cnidium Cuss.)或藁本属（Ligusticum L.)的成员,聚类图显示其属于前胡族的当归亚族是合适的。     

Schistosome eggs stimulate reactive oxygen species production to enhance M2 macrophage differentiation and promote hepatic pathology in schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of public health concern. The most devastating pathology in schistosomiasis japonica and mansoni is mainly attributed to the egg-induced granulomatous response and secondary fibrosis in host liver, which may lead to portal hypertension or even death of the host. Schistosome eggs induce M2 macrophages-rich granulomas and these M2 macrophages play critical roles in the maintenance of granuloma and subsequent fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly produced by stimulated macrophages during infection and necessary for the differentiation of M2 macrophages, are massively distributed around deposited eggs in the liver. However, whether ROS are induced by schistosome eggs to subsequently promote M2 macrophage differentiation, and the possible underlying mechanisms as well, remain to be clarified during S. japonicum infection. Herein, we observed that extensive expression of ROS in the liver of S. japonicum-infected mice. Injection of ROS inhibitor in infected mice resulted in reduced hepatic granulomatous responses and fibrosis. Further investigations revealed that inhibition of ROS production in S. japonicum-infected mice reduces the differentiation of M2, accompanied by increased M1 macrophage differentiation. Finally, we proved that S. japonicum egg antigens (SEA) induce a high level of ROS production via both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and mitochondria in macrophages. Our study may help to better understand the mechanism of schistosomiasis japonica-induced hepatic pathology and contribute to the development of potential therapeutic strategies by interfering with ROS production.     

子宫腺肌病中异位和正位子宫内膜血管发生的研究

目的探讨子宫腺肌病中异位和正位内膜组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及微血管密度(MVD)与发病机制的关系.方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测21例正常子宫内膜(对照组)和38例子宫腺肌病(疾病组)异位内膜及正位内膜中VEGF的表达,利用Ⅷ因子相关抗原标记血管内皮细胞,再应用计算机图像分析系统分析VEGF免疫染色密度值及计数切片中微血管(20×视野).结果疾病组异位内膜腺上皮细胞及间质细胞中VEGF的表达明显高于对照组腺上皮及间质细胞(P<0.01).疾病组正位内膜腺上皮细胞中的VEGF的表达亦高于对照组(P<0.05).疾病组异位内膜中的平均微血管密度明显高于正位内膜及对照组(P<0.05).VEGF与MVD表达呈明显正相关(P<0.01).结论子宫腺肌病异位和正位内膜中VEGF表达的明显增高及局部微血管密度的明显增加,可能导致局部新生毛细血管的增多,从而促进子宫内膜在子宫肌层内异位种植和生长.     

Identification ofporphyra lines (rhodophyta) by AFLP DNA fingerprinting and molecular markers

Twenty-sevenPorphyra lines from 5 classes, including lines widely used in China, wild lines, and lines introduced to China from abroad in recent years, were screened by means of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) with 24 primer pairs. From the generated AFLP products, 13 bands that showed stable and repeatable AFLP patterns amplified by primer pairs M-CGA/E-AA and M-CGA/E-TA were scored and used to develop the DNA fingerprints of the 27Porphyra lines. Moreover, the DNA fingerprinting patterns were converted into computer language expressed with digitals 1 and 0, which represented the presence (numbered as 1) or absence (numbered as 0) of the corresponding band. On the basis of these results, computerized AFLP DNA fingerprints were constructed in which each of the 27Porphyra lines has its unique AFLP fingerprinting pattern and can be easily distinguished from others. Software called PGI-AFLP (Porphyra germ-plasm identification-AFLP) was designed for identification of the 27Porphyra lines. In addition, 21 specific AFLP markers from 15Porphyra lines were identified; 6 AFLP markers from 4Porphyra lines were sequenced, and 2 of them were successfully converted into SCAR (sequence characterized amplification region) markers. The developed AFLP DNA fingerprinting and specific molecular markers provide useful ways for the identification, classification, and resource protection of thePorphyra lines.     

Mechanisms of the Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in HIV-1 Infection

Summary 1. Alterations of brain microvasculature and the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity are commonly associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. These changes are most frequently found in human immunodeficiency virus-related encephalitis (HIVE) and in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia (HAD).2. It has been hypothesized that the disruption of the BBB occurs early in the course of HIV-1 infection and can be responsible for HIV-1 entry into the CNS.3. The current review discusses the mechanisms of injury to brain endothelial cells and alterations of the BBB integrity in HIV-infection with focus on the vascular effects of HIV Tat protein. In addition, this review describes the mechanisms of the BBB disruption due to HIV-1 or Tat protein interaction with selected risk factors for HIV infection, such as substance abuse and aging.This revised article was published online in May 2005 with a February 2005 cover date.     

中国牙甲总科长须甲属昆虫志

我国鞘翅目牙甲总科长须甲属(Hydraena)的昆虫,向来很少纪錄,以前先后发现的,只有两种,一种是1913年纪錄的Hydraena sauteri Orchym.,分布於台湾,一种是1939年纪錄的H.yunnanensis Pu,分布於云南。1939年以后,由我国各地陆续采集了不少这一属的昆虫,现将这些昆虫,加以分类整理,使对於这一属的昆虫在我国境内的分布,得到进一步的了解。     

Nucleation of β-rich oligomers and β-barrels in the early aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide

The self-assembly of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) into β-sheet rich amyloid aggregates is associated with pancreatic β-cell death in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Prior experimental studies of hIAPP aggregation reported the early accumulation of α-helical intermediates before the rapid conversion into β-sheet rich amyloid fibrils, as also corroborated by our experimental characterizations with transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Although increasing evidence suggests that small oligomers populating early hIAPP aggregation play crucial roles in cytotoxicity, structures of these oligomer intermediates and their conformational conversions remain unknown, hindering our understanding of T2D disease mechanism and therapeutic design targeting these early aggregation species. We further applied large-scale discrete molecule dynamics simulations to investigate the oligomerization of full-length hIAPP, employing multiple molecular systems of increasing number of peptides. We found that the oligomerization process was dynamic, involving frequent inter-oligomeric exchanges. On average, oligomers had more α-helices than β-sheets, consistent with ensemble-based experimental measurements. However, in ~4–6% independent simulations, β-rich oligomers expected as the fibrillization intermediates were observed, especially in the pentamer and hexamer simulations. These β-rich oligomers could adopt β-barrel conformations, recently postulated to be the toxic oligomer species but only observed computationally in the aggregates of short amyloid protein fragments. Free-energy analysis revealed high energies of these β-rich oligomers, supporting the nucleated conformational changes of oligomers in amyloid aggregation. β-barrel oligomers of full-length hIAPP with well-defined three-dimensional structures may play an important pathological role in T2D etiology and may be a therapeutic target for the disease.     

Effects of dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio on growth performance,meat quality,postmortem glycolysis and muscle fibre type transformation of finishing pigs

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio on growth performance, meat quality, postmortem glycolysis and muscle fibre type transformation of finishing pigs. Twenty-four barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 61.7 ± 2.01 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with amylose: amylopectin ratios of 1:1 (HD), 1:2 (MD), 1:3 (CD) and 1:4 (LD). The results showed that the average daily weight gain of finishing pigs tended to reduce with the ratio of amylose and amylopectin decreased (p = 0.09). Diet LD increased the pH_24h value and decreased the shear force in longissimus dorsi (LM) compared with diet HD (p < 0.05). Diet LD decreased the lactate content and the HK-2 mRNA abundance and increased the mRNA abundance of ATP5B in LM compared with diet HD (p < 0.05). Higher mRNA abundance of MyHC I and lesser abundance of MyHC IIb in LM were found in pigs fed diet CD and LD than those fed diet HD (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pigs fed diet LD had higher mRNA abundances of PGC-1α and PPAR δ in LM than other groups (p < 0.05). These results suggested that diet with low amylose and amylopectin ratio could improve meat quality of finishing pigs via delaying muscle glycolysis capacity and shifting muscle fibre types.     

顺式环氧琥珀酸水解酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件

从65株诺卡氏菌中,筛选到一株产顺式环氧琥珀酸水解酶(ESH)的菌株,经鉴定为酒石酸诺卡氏菌(Nocardia tartaricans)SW13-57。在14L发酵罐中通过诱导培养,能在细胞内产生ESH酶活力达120u/g。产酶条件研究表明用丙二醇作碳源,硫酸铵作氮源,顺式环氧琥珀酸作诱导剂,初始pH7.0,温度30℃,通过培养24～30h,产酶量最高。该产酶菌株已被用于固定化细胞方法连续生产L(+)酒石酸。