脂肪细胞因子 CTRP4转基因鼠的构建与鉴定

目的：建立人CTRP4基因的转基因小鼠,为脂肪细胞因子CTRP4的体内功能研究奠定基础。方法首先构建人CTRP4的转基因小鼠线性化表达载体,再利用显微注射的方法将载体注射入小鼠受精卵,从而构建人CTRP4的首建鼠（ Founder ）并与野生型小鼠交配繁殖得到F1代阳性小鼠,再通过近亲繁殖与测交的方法,得到CTRP4转基因纯合子小鼠,并通过PCR和western blot 的方法对纯合子小鼠进行鉴定。结果得到人CTRP4转基因小鼠纯合子小鼠两个品系,western blot鉴定该转基因小鼠心脏,肝脏,脑,肾脏等多种组织中均呈现CTRP4高表达。结论成功构建了人CTRP4转基因小鼠纯合子小鼠。     

内蒙古草原人类福祉与生态系统服务及其动态变化——以锡林郭勒草原为例

以锡林郭勒盟为研究区域,建立人类福祉评价指标体系,通过牧户问卷调查了解牧户对草原生态系统服务和福祉变化的认识,结合当地的自然环境、生态环境和社会经济等多方面的多年统计数据,采用专家打分法对牧民各福祉指标打分,对2001年和2010年牧民福祉变化进行了评估和分析。结果表明:收入、道路覆盖率、农村合作医疗保险和文化教育方面对牧民福祉变化贡献最大;生产资料持续供给能力下降是导致收入减少的主要方面;旗县的犯罪率,环境空气质量,饮食结构,离婚率等是导致牧民福祉下降的主要方面。有关研究结果为提高锡林郭勒盟人类福祉、生态保护和区域可持续发展政策制定提供科学依据。     

若尔盖人-狼冲突现状与管理研究

大中型食肉动物肇事事件导致人类与野生动物关系恶化,给生物多样性保护工作带来巨大的挑战。若尔盖湿地是我国三大湿地之一,湿地、草原分布广泛,生物多样性丰富,畜牧业发达,但近年来狼(Canis lupus)捕杀牲畜的肇事事件时有发生。为了解若尔盖野生狼肇事件的空间分布以及牧民对人-狼冲突管理的看法,本研究于2022年对若尔盖县13个乡镇83个行政村进行走访调查。结果表明：(1)多数受访者(66.0%)认为在过去5年内,若尔盖县野生狼数量有所增加;(2)狼肇事事件具有明显的空间分异性,最严重的是包座乡。包座乡临近山区,该区域牧场面积广阔、牧民饲养牲畜数量多等原因导致该镇发生狼肇事事件较多;(3)对于狼肇事,绝大多数牧民(85.0%)更希望采取经济补偿或者驱赶措施,只有少数牧民(9.4%)希望采取捕杀的措施;(4)影响牧民对狼肇事管理措施的偏好因子中,受教育程度、年龄、民族以及被杀牲畜数量有显著影响。建议加强狼种群监测管理,采取措施减少狼捕杀牲畜,优化补偿机制,缓解当地牧民与狼之间的矛盾。本研究为当前若尔盖县野生动物保护和管理决策提供了依据,对其他地区大型食肉动物与当地居民冲突管理具有借鉴意义。     

Evolution of legume-rhizobium symbiosis for an improved ecological efficiency and genotypic specificity of partner interactions

Mathematical simulation of the evolution of polymorphic legume-rhizobium symbiosis showed that co-evolution of the partners for an improved ecological efficiency of symbiosis is greatly stimulated when low-active N₂-fixing and non-N₂-fixing strains of nodule bacteria are prohibited from colonizing nodules. The results of analysis of the model were collated with the comparative morphology of the infection process in various legumes, and its was assumed that mechanisms controlling bacterial reproduction in nodules arose in early evolution of symbiosis in primitive legumes owing to a transition from mixed to clonal infection. The development of such mechanisms was associated with adaptively valuable macroevolutionary transformations of symbiosis and directed its microevolution towards a parallel increase in the specificity and efficiency of mutualism. The increase was due to a reorganization of selective processes in endosymbiotic bacterial populations, which was based on changes in their genetic and spatial structures and optimized metabolic feedbacks between the partners (preferential allocation of photosynthesis products to the most active N₂-fixing strains).     

Increment of hFIX expression with endogenous intron 1 in Vitro

This paper probes into the feasibility of increasing expression level of hFIX gene with endogenous intron 1 sequence.hFIX minigene was obtained with middle sequence truncated intron 1 inserted into the relative site of hFIX cDNA,and plasmid vector pKG5i‘IX,retroviral vector G1NaCi‘IX were constructed.These vectors were transduced into target cells of PA317,C2C12,primary rabbit skin fibroblasts (RSF) and primary human skin fibroblasts (HSF).The expression level of mixed colonies are PA317/pKG5i‘IX,151 ng/10^6 cells/24h;PA317/G1NaCi‘IX,308 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;C2C12/G1NaCi‘IX,186 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;RSF/G1NaCi‘IX,1929 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;HSF/G1NaCi‘IX,1646 ng/10^6 cells/24 h.These results indicated that hFIX minigene with intron l is able to increase the expression level to about 3 times of that of hFIX cDNA.Meanwhile,in order to study the application of hFIX minigene in the retroviral-mediated gene transfer system and refrain from intron splicing during viral production,a retroviral vector G1NaCi‘IXR with reversely inserted hFIX minigene expression cassette was constructed.The expression level of reverse constructor in PA317 cells was 390 ng/10^6 cells/24 h with 79% of bioactivity.PCR detection of HT/G1NaCi‘IXR cells infected with PA317/G1NaCi‘IXR supernatant confirmed the existence of intron 1 sequence.These results suggested that expression vector with forward-inserted intronl-carrying hFIX expression cassette can be used in directed gene transfer,but when using the retroviral-mediated gene transfer system,reversely-inserted intronl-carrying hFIX expression cassette should be considered.     

土壤增温与氮添加对杉木幼苗细根径级根长分布的影响

通过在福建省三明市陈大林业国有林场内开展土壤增温(增温5 ℃、不增温)和氮添加(不添加、4、8 g N·m^-2·a^-1)的交互试验(共6个处理),研究土壤增温、氮添加及二者交互作用对杉木细根径级根长分布的影响,用扩展模型可很好地拟合6个处理的径级根长分布(R²=0.97).结果表明: 增温使杉木细根总根长变小,但对细根直径影响不显著;氮添加使杉木细根总根长和直径均变小;增温和氮添加的交互作用对细根总根长有显著影响,但对细根直径无显著影响.6个处理细根径级根长分布均能用极值函数模型较好地拟合(R²>0.98).相关分析显示,直径<1 mm细根的比根长与极值模型拟合参数c值呈显著负相关,实际总根长与极值模型拟合参数b呈显著正相关.增温和氮添加及其交互作用可以影响杉木细根形态特征;极值模型拟合各处理径级根长分布所得参数在一定程度上可以反映细根形态特征对环境条件变化的响应.     

温光条件与寒地水稻产量和源库特征的关系

采用大田试验,以寒地水稻为研究对象,分析试验区2011—2014年气温和太阳辐射,比较不同年份间温光条件差异,探讨温光条件与水稻干物质积累、源库光合特征、产量及其构成之间的关系。结果表明:生育期内日活动积温利用率和日有效积温利用率呈逐年增加的趋势,而太阳辐射呈逐年降低的趋势,其中灌浆期太阳辐射强度以2014年居高;生育期内日活动积温和日有效积温及其利用率、抽穗后日平均太阳辐射强度与粒数、结实率、千粒重以及产量显著或极显著正相关;生育期内活动积温与产量(R~2=0.69)、生物产量(R~2=0.49)、抽穗期茎鞘干质量(R~2=0.74)及粒叶比(R~2=0.34)、收获指数(R~2=0.63)、群体生长速率(R~2=0.78)和净同化率(R~2=0.73)均呈二次函数关系,且拟合效果均达极显著水平,而与叶面积指数呈极显著正相关关系(R=0.80)。     

康氏木霉纤维素酶系中C_x酶多分子型的分离纯化及某些性质

从康氐木霉(Trichoderma k(?)ningii)白色变异株As 3.4001的粗酶制剂中,获得了纤维素酶系中的一组C_x酶(C_(x1) C_(x2) C_(x3) C_(x4))。分离步骤包括Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤,DEAESephadex A-50离子交换层析,ConA-Sepharose亲合层析,SE-Sephadex C-50离子交换层析及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳。C_(x1)与C_(x2)的分子量不同而所带电荷相同,它们的分子量各自为44,500和34,000。C_(x2)—C_(x4)的分子量相同而所带电荷不同。纯化的C_(x1)—C_(x4)经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定为单带。比较它们对羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)的糖化力及液化力表明在作用方式的随机性上C_(x2)>C_(x3)>C_(x1)>C_(x4)。     

马铃薯糖转运蛋白基因的克隆及表达分析

植物SWEET基因家族是一类糖转运蛋白,在植物的生理活动和生长发育过程中发挥着重要功能。为了解马铃薯SWEET基因的相关信息,探究其在马铃薯不同组织以及在生物胁迫与非生物胁迫下的表达特性。该研究采用同源克隆技术从马铃薯‘青薯9号’中克隆了StSWEET5基因(GenBank登录号为MN295671),其CDS序列长度为717 bp,编码238个氨基酸。系统进化树分析结果表明,StSWEET5与番茄的氨基酸序列相似性最高(97.06%)。qRT-PCR分析表明:StSWEET5基因在马铃薯各组织(根、茎、叶、花、块茎、匍匐茎)中均有表达,且在花中的表达显著高于其他组织;糖胁迫下,StSWEET5基因在根、茎、叶中均有表达,尤其在根中的表达差异最为显著(P0.05)。在晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)诱导后36 h时,表达量达到最高,随后急剧下调。推测StSWEET5基因参与了马铃薯糖胁迫以及响应了晚疫病诱导的过程。     

Evaluation of the prevalence and economic burden of adverse drug reactions presenting to the medical emergency department of a tertiary referral centre: a prospective study

Background  

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are now recognized as an important cause of hospital admissions, with a proportion ranging from 0.9–7.9%. They also constitute a significant economic burden. We thus aimed at determining the prevalence and the economic burden of ADRs presenting to Medical Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary referral center in India