牛尾草中一新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜

从牛尾草[Isodon ternifolius(D.Don)Kudo]的地上部分分离得到一个新的对映－贝壳杉烷型二萜,命名为牛尾草素H（1）,通过波谱方法鉴定了它的结构。此外,还分离得到5个已知的对映－贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物：香茶菜醛（2）,长管香茶菜素A,E和G（3－5）,开展香茶菜素E（6）,以及木樨草素（7）,芹菜素（8）,α－香树脂醇（9）,乌索酸（10）和2α－羟基乌索酸（11）。     

鸡脚参中一个新木脂素

从鸡脚参[Orthosiphon wulfenioides (Diels)Hand.-Marzz.]根中提取分离了一个新的木脂素,命名为鸡脚参木脂素。其结构由NMR、MS等波谱分析确定。初步活性实验显示该化合物不具备抗真菌和抗肿瘤活性。     

细叶香茶菜中两个新的对映—贝壳杉烷二萜化合物

从云南中甸产细叶香茶菜 (Isodontenuifolia (W .W .Smith)Kudo)的地上部分分离得到 6个化合物 ,它们的结构通过波谱方法得到鉴定。其中化合物 1和 2为新的对映_贝壳杉烷二萜化合物 ,即细叶香茶菜甲素 (3β ,6α ,15 β_trihydroxy_1α ,7β_diacetoxy_11β ,16 β_epoxy_ent_kaurane) (1)和细叶香茶菜乙素 (1α,6α ,11β_trihydroxy_3β,7β_diacetoxy_ent_kaur_16_en_15_one) (2 )。     

东北小鲵中枢神经系统形态学与组织学初步研究

本文应用脊椎动物神经标本制作法和HE染色法,对东北小鲵中枢神经系统的外部形态和组织学结构进行了初步研究,描述了东北小鲵神经系统形态和组织学结构的特点,并与无尾两栖类和爬行类相对比,探讨了有尾两栖类的进化地位。结果表明:与无尾两栖类(如蛙)相比,东北小鲵中枢神经系统中,大脑半球较小,结构较为原始,小脑结构简单,是两栖类中较为原始的类群。此外,东北小鲵开始具有了臂神经丛和骶神经丛,但没有爬行类的发达,可作为两栖类向爬行类进化的证据之一。     

Nodulation competitiveness of nodule bacteria: Genetic control and adaptive significance: Review

The most recent data on the system of cmp (competitiveness) genes that determine the nodulation competitiveness of rhizobial strains, i.e., the ability to compete for nodule formation in leguminous plants, is analyzed. Three genetic approaches for the construction of economically valuable strains of rhizobia are proposed: the amplification of positive regulators of competitiveness, the inactivation of the negative regulators of this trait, and the introduction of efficient competitiveness factors into strains capable of active nitrogen fixation.     

植物丝氨酸/精氨酸丰富(SR)蛋白的结构和功能及其在植物发育中的作用

丝氨酸／精氨酸丰富（SR）蛋白家族是真核生物中的一类剪接因子,在前体mRNA的组成性和选择性剪接中起作用。本文就近十几年来SR蛋白结构和功能及其在植物发育中的作用的研究进展作以介绍。     

Macro- and microevolution of bacteria in symbiotic systems

Using the examples of diverse interactions among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the relationships between molecular and population mechanisms of evolution of symbiotic bacteria are addressed. Their circulation in host-environment systems activates microevolutionary factors that direct combinative or reductive genome evolution in facultative, ecologically obligatory, and genetically obligatory symbioses. Due to intense systemic intra-genome rearrangements and horizontal gene transfer, two types of gene systems evolve in these bacteria: (1) controlling the pathogenesis-like processes of host recognition and penetration and (2) responsible for mutualistic interactions that are related to nitrogen fixation and its transfer to the host. The evolution of gene systems of type 1 is directed by individual (Darwinian, frequency-dependent) selection, which is responsible for gene-for-gene interactions between the partners. In the evolution of the type 2 systems, group (interdeme, kin) selection plays the key role, being responsible for the development of bacterial traits beneficial for the host. Using the legume--rhizobia symbiosis as an example, it is shown that evolution of mutualism can be described in terms of biological altruism, whose regularities are common for intraspecific and interspecific relationships. Macroevolutionary rearrangements of bacterial genomes result from the structural changes in their populations, wherein various selection modes are combined with stochastic processes (genetic drift, population waves) induced in the symbiotic systems.     

珍稀鹤类巢址的空间聚类识别方法

依据2003年到2005年松嫩平原西部地区珍稀鹤类巢址调查数据,利用三种不同类型的指数进行分析研究:(1)拓扑指数,Voronoi图面积;(2)统计指数,Morishita指数;(3)空间指数,分维数.结果表明珍稀鹤类巢址空间格局具有明显的空间聚类分布,这三个指数使我们对珍稀鹤类巢址的聚类现象有了定量的认识,加深对自然保护区资源保护的重要性.