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351.
Background
Tandem repetition of structural motifs in proteins is frequently observed across all forms of life. Topology of repeating unit and its frequency of occurrence are associated to a wide range of structural and functional roles in diverse proteins, and defects in repeat proteins have been associated with a number of diseases. It is thus desirable to accurately identify specific repeat type and its copy number. Weak evolutionary constraints on repeat units and insertions/deletions between them make their identification difficult at the sequence level and structure based approaches are desired. The proposed graph spectral approach is based on protein structure represented as a graph for detecting one of the most frequently observed structural repeats, Ankyrin repeat.Results
It has been shown in a large number of studies that 3-dimensional topology of a protein structure is well captured by a graph, making it possible to analyze a complex protein structure as a mathematical entity. In this study we show that eigen spectra profile of a protein structure graph exhibits a unique repetitive profile for contiguous repeating units enabling the detection of the repeat region and the repeat type. The proposed approach uses a non-redundant set of 58 Ankyrin proteins to define rules for the detection of Ankyrin repeat motifs. It is evaluated on a set of 370 proteins comprising 125 known Ankyrin proteins and remaining non-solenoid proteins and the prediction compared with UniProt annotation, sequence-based approach, RADAR, and structure-based approach, ConSole. To show the efficacy of the approach, we analyzed the complete PDB structural database and identified 641 previously unrecognized Ankyrin repeat proteins. We observe a unique eigen spectra profile for different repeat types and show that the method can be easily extended to detect other repeat types. It is implemented as a web server, AnkPred. It is freely available at ‘bioinf.iiit.ac.in/AnkPred’.Conclusions
AnkPred provides an elegant and computationally efficient graph-based approach for detecting Ankyrin structural repeats in proteins. By analyzing the eigen spectra of the protein structure graph and secondary structure information, characteristic features of a known repeat family are identified. This method is especially useful in correctly identifying new members of a repeat family.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-014-0440-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献352.
353.
In vitro bulblet formation was studied using solid, liquid and bioreactor culture (immersion and periodic immersion in liquid media
using ebb and flood) in order to develop a cost effective method for the mass propagation of Lilium oriental hybrid ‘Casablanca’. Although the percent of bulblet formation was higher in solid culture, the increased growth
rate and production of large number of bulblets in bioreactor makes it suitable for mass propagation. Four times per day and
15 min of medium supply was optimal for bulblet formation in ebb and flood bioreactor. Bulblet formation was also found to
be effective in 16-h photoperiod. It was also observed that bulblet formation in the medium with 1.0 mg dm−3 BA and 0.3 mg dm−3 NAA was higher than in the medium without growth regulators, but formation of abnormal bulblets was higher in medium with
BA and NAA.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
354.
Growth responses of marigold and salvia bedding plants as affected by monochromic or mixture radiation provided by a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jeongwook Heo Chunwoo Lee Debasis Chakrabarty Keeyoeup Paek 《Plant Growth Regulation》2002,38(3):225-230
The effects of light generated by monochromic blue, red or mixed radiation from a fluorescent lamp (FL) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) (blue, red, or far-red) on growth and morphogenesis of marigold and salvia seedlings were investigated and the responses compared with those of plantlets grown under a broad spectrum conventional fluorescent lamp (a 16 h photoperiod per day). Dry weight of marigold seedlings was significantly increased in monochromic red light (R), fluorescent light plus red LED (FLR) or fluorescent light (FL) but reduced when monochromic blue light (B) was used, whereas in salvia dry weight was significantly greater under fluorescent light plus blue LED (FLB), fluorescent light plus red LED (FLR) and fluorescent light plus far-red LED (FLFr) as compared to other treatments. Stem length in marigold was greatest in monochromic blue light, being three times greater than in FLR or FL treatments. In salvia, FLFr increased stem length but this was significantly decreased by R as compared to other treatments. The number of visible flower buds in marigold was much higher in FLR as well as in the control (FL), and it was about five times greater than in B or R. However, the number of open flowers in salvia varied slightly in all the treatments. Different light qualities also influenced the duration of the blooming period in both the species. No flower buds were formed when monochromic B or R was used in salvia and FLFr inhibited flower bud formation in marigold. In comparison with monochromic blue or red light, the number of stomata was greater in mixed radiation of FL with LEDs in both the plants. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a LED system for plantlet growth and morphogenesis in space-based plant research chambers. 相似文献
355.
Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes 下载免费PDF全文
Kory M. Evans Brandon Waltz Victor Tagliacollo Prosanta Chakrabarty James S. Albert 《Ecology and evolution》2017,7(6):1783-1801
Convergent evolution is widely viewed as strong evidence for the influence of natural selection on the origin of phenotypic design. However, the emerging evo‐devo synthesis has highlighted other processes that may bias and direct phenotypic evolution in the presence of environmental and genetic variation. Developmental biases on the production of phenotypic variation may channel the evolution of convergent forms by limiting the range of phenotypes produced during ontogeny. Here, we study the evolution and convergence of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull shapes among 133 species of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes: Teleostei) and identify potential developmental biases on phenotypic evolution. We plot the ontogenetic trajectories of neurocranial phenotypes in 17 species and document developmental modularity between the face and braincase regions of the skull. We recover a significant relationship between developmental covariation and relative skull length and a significant relationship between developmental covariation and ontogenetic disparity. We demonstrate that modularity and integration bias the production of phenotypes along the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull axis and contribute to multiple, independent evolutionary transformations to highly brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull morphologies. 相似文献
356.
Rice XA21 binding protein 3 is a ubiquitin ligase required for full Xa21-mediated disease resistance 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15 下载免费PDF全文
Wang YS Pi LY Chen X Chakrabarty PK Jiang J De Leon AL Liu GZ Li L Benny U Oard J Ronald PC Song WY 《The Plant cell》2006,18(12):3635-3646
XA21 is a receptor-like kinase protein in rice (Oryza sativa) that confers gene-for-gene resistance to specific races of the causal agent of bacterial blight disease, Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. We identified XA21 binding protein 3 (XB3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a substrate for the XA21 Ser and Thr kinase. The interaction between XB3 and the kinase domain of XA21 has been shown in yeast and in vitro, and the physical association between XB3 and XA21 in vivo has also been confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation assays. XB3 contains an ankyrin repeat domain and a RING finger motif that is sufficient for its interaction with the kinase domain of XA21 and for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, respectively. Transgenic plants with reduced expression of the Xb3 gene are compromised in resistance to the avirulent race of X. oryzae pv oryzae. Furthermore, reduced levels of Xb3 lead to decreased levels of the XA21 protein. These results indicate that Xb3 is necessary for full accumulation of the XA21 protein and for Xa21-mediated resistance. 相似文献
357.
D Chakrabarty A Gomes S C Lahiri A K Nag Chaudhuri 《Indian journal of experimental biology》1991,29(5):456-459
Lethal and haemorrhagic activity of Russell's Viper venom was compared against polyvalent bivalent commercial antiserum and monovalent antiserum raised in rabbit. Formaldehyde-detoxified venom offered 7-fold protection against lethal activity and 12.5-fold against haemorrhagic activity of the venom. Whole venom and formaldehyde-detoxified venom along with Freund's complete adjuvant, injected in rabbits produced high titre antiserum. Amongst all the six antiserum tested, the monovalent antiserum raised in rabbit, showed maximum precipitating bands in immunogeldiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The toxoid-antiserum offered maximum protection against the venom-induced lethality and the monovalent antiserum offered maximum protection against haemorrhagic activity. 相似文献
358.
Kamal K. Das Subhasri G. Dastidar Sajal Chakrabarty Sudip K. Banerjee 《Hydrobiologia》1980,75(3):225-229
Annual primary production was estimated from two years data. The results indicate a high primary productivity and a short turn over time for nitrogen. 相似文献
359.
360.
Food poisoning in man due to heat-sensitive strains of Cl. perfringens type A appeared to be mediated through enterotoxin synthesized in vivo during sporulation. A minimum of 2.0 X 10(5) vegetative cells suspended in sporulation medium was sufficient to elicit gut-loop response in rabbits. The functional disturbance in the gut as well as the structural changes were progressive and proportional to the size of the inoculum up to a dose limit of 2.0 X 10(7) vegetative cells and beyond this the changes remained steady. 相似文献