排序方式: 共有688条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Background
To determine the association of the A55T and K153R polymorphisms of the Myostatin gene with obesity, abdominal obesity and lean body mass (LBM) in Asian Indians in north India.Materials and Methods
A total of 335 subjects (238 men and 97 women) were assessed for anthropometry, % body fat (BF), LBM and biochemical parameters. Associations of Myostatin gene polymorphisms were evaluated with anthropometric, body composition and biochemical parameters. In A55T polymorphism, BMI (p = 0.04), suprailiac skinfold (p = 0.05), total skinfold (p = 0.008), %BF (p = 0.002) and total fat mass (p = 0.003) were highest and % LBM (p = 0.03) and total LBM (Kg) were lowest (p = 0.04) in subjects with Thr/Thr genotype as compared to other genotypes. Association analysis of K153R polymorphism showed that subjects with R/R genotype had significantly higher BMI (p = 0.05), waist circumference (p = 0.04), %BF (p = 0.04) and total fat mass (p = 0.03), and lower %LBM (p = 0.02) and total LBM [(Kg), (p = 0.04)] as compared to other genotypes. Using a multivariate logistic regression model after adjusting for age and sex, subjects with Thr/Thr genotype of A55T showed high risk for high %BF (OR, 3.92, 95% Cl: 2.61–12.41), truncal subcutaneous adiposity (OR, 2.9, 95% Cl: 1.57–6.60)] and low LBM (OR, 0.64, 95% CI: 0.33–0.89) whereas R/R genotype of K153R showed high risk of obesity (BMI; OR, 3.2, 95% CI: 1.2–12.9; %BF, OR, 3.6, 95% CI: 1.04–12.4), abdominal obesity (OR, 2.12, 95% CI: 2.71–14.23) and low LBM (OR, 0.61, 95% CI: 0.29–0.79).Conclusions/Significance
We report that variants of Myostatin gene predispose to obesity, abdominal obesity and low lean body mass in Asian Indians in north India. 相似文献82.
Priyanka Sharma Abimbola O. Kolawole Susan B. Core Adriana E. Kajon Katherine J. D. A. Excoffon 《PloS one》2012,7(11)
Background
Although significant epidemiological evidence indicates that cigarette smoke exposure increases the incidence and severity of viral infection, the molecular mechanisms behind the increased susceptibility of the respiratory tract to viral pathogens are unclear. Adenoviruses are non-enveloped DNA viruses and important causative agents of acute respiratory disease. The Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is the primary receptor for many adenoviruses. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke exposure increases epithelial susceptibility to adenovirus infection by increasing the abundance of apical CAR.Methodology and Findings
Cultured human airway epithelial cells (CaLu-3) were used as a model to investigate the effect of sidestream cigarette smoke (SSS), mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS), or control air exposure on the susceptibility of polarized respiratory epithelia to adenoviral infection. Using a Cultex air-liquid interface exposure system, we have discovered novel differences in epithelial susceptibility between SSS and MSS exposures. SSS exposure upregulates an eight-exon isoform of CAR and increases adenoviral entry from the apical surface whilst MSS exposure is similar to control air exposure. Additionally, the level of cellular glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is downregulated by SSS exposure and treatment with a specific GSK3β inhibitor recapitulates the effects of SSS exposure on CAR expression and viral infection.Conclusions
This is the first time that SSS exposure has been shown to directly enhance the susceptibility of a polarized epithelium to infection by a common respiratory viral pathogen. This work provides a novel understanding of the impact of SSS on the burden of respiratory viral infections and may lead to new strategies to alter viral infections. Moreover, since GSK3β inhibitors are under intense clinical investigation as therapeutics for a diverse range of diseases, studies such as these might provide insight to extend the use of clinically relevant therapeutics and increase the understanding of potential side effects. 相似文献83.
In plants, auxin-mediated responses are regulated by diverse proteins. One such class of proteins, i.e. GH3, is involved in
the conjugation of IAA to amino acids and provides a negative feedback loop to control auxin homoeostasis. In order to have
a better understanding of the mechanism of the auxin action, 15 genes encoding GH3 members were identified using existing
EST databases of tomato. Their orthologs were identified from tobacco, potato, N. benthemiana, pepper, and petunia. Phylogenetic analysis of AtGH3, SlGH3, and their Solanaceae orthologs provided insights into various orthologous relationships among these proteins. These genes
were found to be responsive to a variety of signals including, phytohormones and environmental stresses. Analysis of AuxRE
elements in their promoters showed variability in the sequence as well as number of this element. Up-regulation of only 11
SlGH3 genes, in response to exogenous auxin, suggested possible relationship between the diversity in the sequence and number
of AuxRE element with the auxin inducibility. Expression analysis of SlGH3 genes in different vegetative and reproductive tissues/stages suggested limited or no role for most of the SlGH3 genes at the initiation of fruit ripening. However, up-regulation of SlGH3-1 and -2 at the onset of fruit ripening indicates that these genes could have a role in fruit ripening. The present study characterizes
GH3 gene family of tomato and its evolutionary relationship with members of this family from other Solanaceae species and Arabidopsis. It could help in the identification of GH3 genes and revelation of their function during vegetative/reproductive development stages from other Solanaceae members. 相似文献
84.
85.
Semnani RT Venugopal PG Mahapatra L Skinner JA Meylan F Chien D Dorward DW Chaussabel D Siegel RM Nutman TB 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2008,181(10):7081-7089
Dysregulation of professional APC has been postulated as a major mechanism underlying Ag-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness in patients with patent filarial infection. To address the nature of this dysregulation, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages generated from elutriated monocytes were exposed to live microfilariae (mf), the parasite stage that circulates in blood and is responsible for most immune dysregulation in filarial infections. DC exposed to mf for 24-96 h showed a marked increase in cell death and caspase-positive cells compared with unexposed DC, whereas mf exposure did not induce apoptosis in macrophages. Interestingly, 48-h exposure of DC to mf induced mRNA expression of the proapoptotic gene TRAIL and both mRNA and protein expression of TNF-alpha. mAb to TRAIL-R2, TNF-R1, or TNF-alpha partially reversed mf-induced cell death in DC, as did knocking down the receptor for TRAIL-R2 using small interfering RNA. The mf also induced gene expression of BH3-interacting domain death agonist and protein expression of cytochrome c in DC; mf-induced cleavage of BH3-interacting domain death agonist could be shown to induce release of cytochrome c, leading to activation of caspase 9. Our data suggest that mf induce DC apoptosis in a TRAIL- and TNF-alpha-dependent fashion. 相似文献
86.
Priyanka Lal Vishnu Agarwal Parul Pruthi Ben M. J. Pereira M. R. Kural Vikas Pruthi 《Indian journal of microbiology》2008,48(4):438-444
Our survey revealed that infected intrauterine devices (IUDs) recovered from patients suffering from reproductive tract infections
(RTIs) were tainted with Candida biofilm composed of a single or multiple species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of C. albicans biofilm topography showed that it consists of a dense network of mono- or multilayer of cells embedded within the matrix
of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images
depicted that C. albicans biofilms have a highly heterogeneous architecture composed of cellular and noncellular elements with EPS distributed in the
cell-surface periphery or at cell-cell interface. Biochemical analysis showed that EPS produced by C. albicans biofilm contained significantly reduced total carbohydrate (40%), protein (5%) and enhanced amount of hexosamine (4%) in
contrast to its planktonic counterparts. The in vitro activity of antifungal agents amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole and chlorhexidine against pre-formed C. albicans biofilm, assessed using XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay revealed
increased resistance of these infectious biofilm (50% reduction in metabolic activity at a concentration of 8, 16, 64, 128
μg/ml respectively) in comparison to its planktonic form. 相似文献
87.
Saha P Mishra D Chakraborty A Sudarshan M Raychaudhuri SS 《Biological trace element research》2008,124(3):251-261
Proton Induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) have been used to study the effects of gamma irradiation on heavy metal accumulation in callus tissue of Plantago ovata-an important cash crop of India. PIXE analysis revealed radiation-induced alteration in trace element profile during developmental stages of the callus of P. ovata. Subsequent experiments showed antagonism between Fe and Cu and also Cu and Zn and synergistic effect between Fe and Zn. FACS analysis showed significant induction of the metallothionein (MT) protein following gamma-irradiation, and maximum induction was noted at the 50-Gy absorbed dose. This indicated a progressive increment of MTs as a measure for protection against gamma-rays, to combat alteration in the homeostasis of heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn. 相似文献
88.
Pushpa Singh Archna Suman Priyanka Tiwari Namita Arya Asha Gaur A. K. Shrivastava 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(5):667-673
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomasses, the first step in their conversion to utilizable molecules requires very high energy
(steam and electricity), corrosion resistant high-pressure reactors and high temperatures. These severe conditions not only
add to the cost component of the entire process but also lead to the loss of sugars to the side reactions. Microbial pretreatments
have been reported to be associated with reducing the cost factors as well as the severities of the reactions. Eight bioagents,
including fungi and bacteria, were screened for their pretreatment effects on sugarcane trash. They narrowed down the C:N
ratio of trash from 108:1 to a varying range of approximately 42:1 to 60:1.The maximum drop in C:N ratio of 61% was observed
using Aspergillus terreus followed by Cellulomonas uda (52%) and Trichoderma reesei and Zymomonas mobilis (49%). The bioagents helped in degradation of sugarcane trash by production of cellulases, the maximum being produced by
A. terreus, (12 fold) followed by C. uda (10 fold), Cellulomonas cartae (9 fold) and Bacillus macerans (8 fold). The microbial pretreatment of trash rendered the easy accessibility of sugars for enzymatic hydrolysis, which can be directed
for production of alcohol. 相似文献
89.
The accumulation of intracellular protein deposits as inclusion bodies is the common pathological hallmark of most age related
neurodegenerative disorders including polyglutamine diseases. Appearances of aggregates of the misfolded mutant disease proteins
suggest that the cells are unable to efficiently degrade them, and failure of clearance leads to the severe disturbances of
the cellular quality control system. The quality control ubiquitin ligases are now increasingly implicated in the biology
of polyglutamine diseases, Parkinson’s diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Here we review the recent studies that have revealed a critical role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in understanding the
pathogenesis of polyglutamine diseases. 相似文献
90.
Priyanka Mahajan Harminder Pal Singh Daizy R. Batish Ravinder K. Kohli 《Biological trace element research》2013,156(1-3):316-322
The present study examined the toxic effects of Cr(VI; 100, 250 and 500 μM) in maize seedlings by investigating the changes in carbohydrate metabolism after 48, 96, and 144 h of exposure. Cr-stress results in severe alterations in the contents of carbohydrates and reducing sugars and the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, amylases, phosphatases and phosphorylases, and invertases in maize seedlings. Under Cr stress, the contents of carbohydrates and reducing sugars declined in roots, whereas an increase was noticed in leaves. The catalytic activity of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, except invertases, in roots declined in the presence of Cr(VI) in a concentration- and exposure time-dependent manner. In contrast, the activities of these enzymes were enhanced in leaves under Cr(VI) stress. The activity of invertases increased with increasing amount of Cr(VI) but declined with an increase in the time interval. In conclusion, our results show that carbohydrate metabolism is severely affected under Cr(VI) toxicity. The study suggests that Cr-induced perturbations in the carbohydrate metabolism are one of the factors resulting in growth inhibition under Cr(VI) stress. 相似文献