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61.
62.
Lewis Landsberg MD Louis J. Aronne MD Lawrence J. Beilin MB BS MD MA Valerie Burke MD Leon I. Igel MD Donald Lloyd‐Jones MD ScM James Sowers MD 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(1):8-24
In light of the worldwide epidemic of obesity, and in recognition of hypertension as a major factor in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, The Obesity Society and The American Society of Hypertension agreed to jointly sponsor a position paper on obesity‐related hypertension to be published jointly in the journals of each society. The purpose is to inform the members of both societies, as well as practicing clinicians, with a timely review of the association between obesity and high blood pressure, the risk that this association entails, and the options for rational, evidenced‐based treatment. The position paper is divided into six sections plus a summary as follows: pathophysiology, epidemiology and cardiovascular risk, the metabolic syndrome, lifestyle management in prevention and treatment, pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in the obese, and the medical and surgical treatment of obesity in obese hypertensive patients. Obesity (2012) 相似文献
63.
Helen E. Roy Sven Bacher Franz Essl Tim Adriaens David C. Aldridge John D. D. Bishop Tim M. Blackburn Etienne Branquart Juliet Brodie Carles Carboneras Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook Gordon H. Copp Hannah J. Dean Jrgen Eilenberg Belinda Gallardo Mariana Garcia Emili García‐Berthou Piero Genovesi Philip E. Hulme Marc Kenis Francis Kerckhof Marianne Kettunen Dan Minchin Wolfgang Nentwig Ana Nieto Jan Pergl Oliver L. Pescott Jodey M. Peyton Cristina Preda Alain Roques Steph L. Rorke Riccardo Scalera Stefan Schindler Karsten Schnrogge Jack Sewell Wojciech Solarz Alan J. A. Stewart Elena Tricarico Sonia Vanderhoeven Gerard van der Velde Montserrat Vil Christine A. Wood Argyro Zenetos Wolfgang Rabitsch 《Global Change Biology》2019,25(3):1032-1048
The European Union (EU) has recently published its first list of invasive alien species (IAS) of EU concern to which current legislation must apply. The list comprises species known to pose great threats to biodiversity and needs to be maintained and updated. Horizon scanning is seen as critical to identify the most threatening potential IAS that do not yet occur in Europe to be subsequently risk assessed for future listing. Accordingly, we present a systematic consensus horizon scanning procedure to derive a ranked list of potential IAS likely to arrive, establish, spread and have an impact on biodiversity in the region over the next decade. The approach is unique in the continental scale examined, the breadth of taxonomic groups and environments considered, and the methods and data sources used. International experts were brought together to address five broad thematic groups of potential IAS. For each thematic group the experts first independently assembled lists of potential IAS not yet established in the EU but potentially threatening biodiversity if introduced. Experts were asked to score the species within their thematic group for their separate likelihoods of i) arrival, ii) establishment, iii) spread, and iv) magnitude of the potential negative impact on biodiversity within the EU. Experts then convened for a 2‐day workshop applying consensus methods to compile a ranked list of potential IAS. From an initial working list of 329 species, a list of 66 species not yet established in the EU that were considered to be very high (8 species), high (40 species) or medium (18 species) risk species was derived. Here, we present these species highlighting the potential negative impacts and the most likely biogeographic regions to be affected by these potential IAS. 相似文献
64.
Adina Preda 《Dialectical Anthropology》2003,27(3-4):205-226
The principle of self-determination is one of the basic principles of international law but as a right, it is only granted to peoples, defined as whole populations of internationally recognized territories. Thus, the claims to self-determination voiced by national minorities are not seen as legitimate by international legal standards. This article examines the underlying assumptions of the principle of self-determination and by combining legal and moral arguments, tries to show that withholding this right from national minorities is unjustified. If one of the reasons why minorities are not granted the right is that they are entitled to collective rights, one would have to maintain that peoples have the relevant characteristics for the possessing group rights while minorities do not, and this view cannot be sustained. The right to self-determination should be understood as abroad notion and the restrictive view according to which the right only applies to colonial peoples and its implementation amounts to independent statehood, should be rejected. Furthermore, it should be noted that although the internal dimension of self-determination can ground a right to freedom from external interference, this freedom is a matter of degree; therefore, minorities can exercise the right to self-determination without this leading to secession or break-up of the state. 相似文献
65.
Background
The study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of intravenous ciprofloxacin and the adequacy of 400 mg every 12 hours in critically ill Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients on continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) with particular reference to the effect of achieved flow rates on drug clearance.Methods
This was an open prospective study conducted in the intensive care unit and research unit of a university teaching hospital. The study population was seven critically ill patients with sepsis requiring CVVHDF. Blood and ultrafiltrate samples were collected and assayed for ciprofloxacin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to calculate the model independent pharmacokinetic parameters; total body clearance (TBC), half-life (t1/2) and volume of distribution (Vd). CVVHDF was performed at prescribed dialysate rates of 1 or 2 L/hr and ultrafiltration rate of 2 L/hr. The blood flow rate was 200 ml/min, achieved using a Gambro blood pump and Hospal AN69HF haemofilter.Results
Seventeen profiles were obtained. CVVHDF resulted in a median ciprofloxacin t1/2 of 13.8 (range 5.15-39.4) hr, median TBC of 9.90 (range 3.10-13.2) L/hr, a median Vdss of 125 (range 79.5-554) L, a CVVHDF clearance of 2.47+/-0.29 L/hr and a clearance of creatinine (Clcr) of 2.66+/-0.25 L/hr. Thus CVVHDF, at an average flow rate of ~3.5 L/hr, was responsible for removing 26% of ciprofloxacin cleared. At the dose rate of 400 mg every 12 hr, the median estimated Cpmax/MIC and AUC0-24/MIC ratios were 10.3 and 161 respectively (for a MIC of 0.5 mg/L) and exceed the proposed criteria of >10 for Cpmax/MIC and > 100 for AUC0-24/MIC. There was a suggestion towards increased ciprofloxacin clearance by CVVHDF with increasing effluent flow rate.Conclusions
Given the growing microbial resistance to ciprofloxacin our results suggest that a dose rate of 400 mg every 12 hr, may be necessary to achieve the desired pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) goals in patients on CVVHDF, however an extended interval may be required if there is concomitant hepatic impairment. A correlation between ciprofloxacin clearance due to CVVHDF and creatinine clearance by the filter was observed (r2 = 0.76), providing a useful clinical surrogate marker for ciprofloxacin clearance within the range studied.Trial Registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52722850 相似文献66.
Cristina Preda Daniyar Memedemin Marius Skolka Dan Cog?lniceanu 《Helgoland Marine Research》2012,66(4):545-556
Constan?a harbour is a major port on the western coast of the semi-enclosed Black Sea. Its brackish waters and low species richness make it vulnerable to invasions. The intensive maritime traffic through Constan?a harbour facilitates the arrival of alien species. We investigated the species composition of the mussel beds on vertical artificial concrete substrate inside the harbour. We selected this habitat for study because it is frequently affected by fluctuating levels of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, and by accidental pollution episodes. The shallow communities inhabiting it are thus unstable and often restructured, prone to accept alien species. Monthly samples were collected from three locations from the upper layer of hard artificial substrata (maximum depth 2?m) during two consecutive years. Ten alien macro-invertebrate species were inventoried, representing 13.5% of the total number of species. Two of these alien species were sampled starting the end of summer 2010, following a period of high temperatures that triggered hypoxia, causing mass mortalities of benthic organisms. Based on the species accumulation curve, we estimated that we have detected all benthic alien species on artificial substrate from Constan?a harbour, but additional effort is required to detect all the native species. Our results suggest that monitoring of benthic communities at small depths in harbours is a simple and useful tool in early detection of potentially invasive alien species. The selected habitat is easily accessible, the method is low-cost, and the samples represent reliable indicators of alien species establishment. 相似文献
67.
68.
AE Clarke S Bernatsky KH Costenbader MB Urowitz DD Gladman PR Fortin M Petri S Manzi DA Isenberg A Rahman D Wallace C Gordon C Peschken MA Dooley EM Ginzler C Aranow SM Edworthy O Nived S Jacobsen G Ruiz-Irastorza E Yelin SG Barr L Criswell G Sturfelt L Dreyer I Blanco L Gottesman CH Feldman R Ramsey-Goldman 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(Z3):A16
69.
Eliana Alves Liliana Costa Carla MB Carvalho Jo?o PC Tomé Maria A Faustino Maria GPMS Neves Augusto C Tomé José AS Cavaleiro ?ngela Cunha Adelaide Almeida 《BMC microbiology》2009,9(1):70
Background
In recent times photodynamic antimicrobial therapy has been used to efficiently destroy Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria using cationic porphyrins as photosensitizers. There is an increasing interest in this approach, namely in the search of photosensitizers with adequate structural features for an efficient photoinactivation process. In this study we propose to compare the efficiency of seven cationic porphyrins differing in meso-substituent groups, charge number and charge distribution, on the photodynamic inactivation of a Gram (+) bacterium (Enterococcus faecalis) and of a Gram (-) bacterium (Escherichia coli). The present study complements our previous work on the search for photosensitizers that might be considered good candidates for the photoinactivation of a large spectrum of environmental microorganisms. 相似文献70.
Kathleen?MB?Vinette Kathleen?M?Gibney Roy?Proujansky Paul?T?FawcettEmail author 《BMC microbiology》2004,4(1):5