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Gastrointestinal symptoms are fairly common in diabetes mellitus. Glimepride, is a latest second generation sulfonylurea used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, is a insulin secrectagogue; indirectly, it also increases insulin secretion and its specific effect on pancreatic ATP-dependent K(+) channel inhibition. Esomeprazole, the (S)-isomer of omeprazole, is the first proton pump inhibitors developed as a single isomer for the treatment of acid-peptic diseases by specific inhibition of H(+)/K(+)-ATPase in gastric parietal cell. Since there is possibility for drug interaction leading to decreased activity of glimepride, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the combination. Studies in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats were conducted with oral doses of 135 μg/kg bd.wt. of glimepride, 3.6 mg/kg bd.wt. of esomeprazole, and their combination with adequate washout periods in between treatments. Studies in normal rabbits were conducted with doses 70 μg/1.5 kg bd. wt. of glimepride, 1.8 mg/1.5 kg bd. wt. of esomeprazole, and their combination given orally. The blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 h and analyzed for glucose levels by GOD/POD method and insulin in diabetic rats by radioimmunoassay methods. Glimepride produced hypoglycaemic/antidiabetic activity in normal and diabetic rats activity with peak activity maximum at 4 h and hypoglycemic activity in normal rabbits maximum at 4 h and esomeprazole increases the insulin levels in diabetic rats. The study also suggests the necessity to readjust the dose of glimepride, when used concomitantly with esomeprazole. 相似文献
925.
The present work was aimed at studying the efficiency of ozone in oxidation processes, coliform inactivation and Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) formation, associated with the potential of ozone to increase the Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) in secondary effluent with applied ozone doses of 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L for contact times of 2, 5 and 10 min. The wastewater used in this work was collected from the Bhagwanpur Sewage Treatment Plant, Varanasi, India. Results of this experiment showed that 10 mg O3/L O3 for 5 min exposure was found most suitable dose for highest degradation of COD, TOC, UV254, color, turbidity and total nitrogen parameters. The inactivation range of microbial biomass range was found in between 95% and 98%. Experiment revealed the fact that aldehydes and carboxylic acid formation were significantly related with the ozone dose and exposure time and ozone might enhance the treatment efficiency of secondary effluent treatment. 相似文献
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Haldipur P Bharti U Alberti C Sarkar C Gulati G Iyengar S Gressens P Mani S 《PloS one》2011,6(8):e23449
A rapid growth in human cerebellar development occurs in the third trimester, which is impeded by preterm delivery. The goal of this study was to characterize the impact of preterm delivery on the developmental program of the human cerebellum. Still born infants, which meant that all development up to that age had taken place in-utero, were age paired with preterm delivery infants, who had survived in an ex-utero environment, which meant that their development had also taken place outside the uterus. The two groups were assessed on quantitative measures that included molecular markers of granule neuron, purkinje neuron and bergmann glia differentiation, as well as the expression of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, that is important for cerebellar growth. We report that premature birth and development in an ex-utero environment leads to a significant decrease in the thickness and an increase in the packing density of the cells within the external granular layer and the inner granular layer well, as a reduction in the density of bergmann glial fibres. In addition, this also leads to a reduced expression of sonic hedgehog in the purkinje layer. We conclude that the developmental program of the cerebellum is specifically modified by events that follow preterm delivery. 相似文献
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Kole PL Majithia R Singh TR Garland MJ Migalska K Donnelly RF McElnay J 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2011,879(19):1713-1716
An HPLC-UV-dried blood spot (DBS) method for the estimation of metronidazole (MTZ) in rat whole blood is reported. Method employs Ahlstrom 226 sample collection paper and DBS samples were prepared by spotting with 30 μl of whole blood (spiked calibration standards/quality control samples/in vivo study samples). A 6mm disc was punched from each DBS and extraction was carried out using water containing the internal standard (tinidazole). The calibration for MTZ was linear over 2.5-50 μg/ml concentration range. Accuracy (% bias) and precision (expressed as % Coefficient of variation) values for within and between day were <20% at the lower level quality control sample (LQC) and <15% at all other concentrations tested. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 2.5 μg/ml. The validated method was applied for the analysis of in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) study samples after intravenous administration of MTZ to a rat. Whole blood PK parameters observed in this study were in compliance with literature based PK parameters. The DBS sampling approach was found to be useful in a single animal pharmacokinetic study. 相似文献
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Li R Zhu J Xie Z Liao G Liu J Chen MR Hu S Woodard C Lin J Taverna SD Desai P Ambinder RF Hayward GS Qian J Zhu H Hayward SD 《Cell host & microbe》2011,10(4):390-400
Herpesviruses, which are major human pathogens, establish life-long persistent infections. Although the α, β, and γ herpesviruses infect different tissues and cause distinct diseases, they each encode a conserved serine/threonine kinase that is critical for virus replication and spread. The extent of substrate conservation and the key common cell-signaling pathways targeted by these kinases are unknown. Using a human protein microarray high-throughput approach, we identify shared substrates of the conserved kinases from herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. DNA damage response (DDR) proteins were statistically enriched, and the histone acetyltransferase TIP60, an upstream regulator of the DDR pathway, was required for efficient herpesvirus replication. During EBV replication, TIP60 activation by the BGLF4 kinase triggers EBV-induced DDR and also mediates induction of viral lytic gene expression. Identification of key cellular targets of the conserved herpesvirus kinases will facilitate the development of broadly effective antiviral strategies. 相似文献
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