Reproductive ecology and growth of a population of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in an aquifer-fed stream of Old Castile (Spain)

In the River Lobos-Ucero and its tributary the River Avión-Milanos (Duero basin, Old Castile, Central Spain), two limestone streams fed by aquifers, the population of brown trout, as compared with the populations of other European streams, shows a high growth rate, high condition coefficients, short life-span and early age at first maturity. Gonad cycle was also studied. Size distributions of unshed eggs exhibit a dynamic activity with a bi-modal distribution from June onwards, spawning occurred in the last days of November. Fecundity (F) can be predicted from trout length (L, mm) according to the equation: F= –646.47+5.6167 · L. Numbers and standing crop of trout range from 18 to 3903 ind. ha^–1 and 3.6 to 452.9 Kg ha^–1, reaching higher values in the sites close to the aquifers. Egg production had values of 22.4 and 18.0 eggs m^–2 in the Rivers Ucero and Avión-Milanos respectively. Some factors suggested as regulators of these demographical characteristics are discussed in the light of recent literature.     

A general,fast, and sensitive micromethod for DNA determination: Application to rat and mouse liver,rat hepatoma,human leukocytes,chicken fibroblasts,and yeast cells

A fluorometric method using 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid for DNA determination in tissues, cultured cells, nucleated blood cells, and yeast cells is described. The method is general, simple, and rapid, and does not require prior DNA extraction, since tissue is directly solubilized in Triton X-100 and ammonia. The procedure is highly sensitive, and is able to measure rather accurately as little as 10 ng of DNA. It is applicable to all types of DNA structure. The DNA content determined in various tissues and cells was: 2.50 mg/g fresh rat liver, 3.32 mg/g rat diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoma, 2.49 mg/g fresh mouse liver, 8.76 μg/10⁶ human leukocytes, 3.37 μg/10⁶ chicken fibroblasts, 2.97 μg/10⁸ haploid yeast cells, and 2.84 μg/10⁸ haploid yeast protoplasts.     

Production of vanillic acid from vanillin by resting cells of Serratia marcescens.

Resting-cell suspensions of Serratia marcescens were able to convert, quantitatively, 0.3% vanillin to vanillic acid. The vanillic acid-producing activity reached a maximum after 28 h of incubation with 0.01% vanillin as an inducer.     

The functioning of cytochrome b in the electron transport to fumarate in Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Propionibacterium pentosaceum

Fumarase-free electron particles from Propionibacterium freudenreichii and P. pentosaceum were prepared by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation, and the influence of 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) and ultraviolet irradiation on the reduction of menaquinone and cytochrome b with l-lactate or glycerol-3-phosphate and the reoxidation by fumarate was studied. In the presence of HQNO the steady state reduction level of menaquinone during fumarate reduction was increased whereas the steady state reduction level of cytochrome b was decreased as compared with the reduction levels measured in the absence of HQNO. The steady state reduction level of menaquinone during electron transport to fumarate was not influenced by ultraviolet irradiation and the steady state reduction level of cytochrome b was decreased at increasing irradiation times. The data indicate that cytochrome b is involved in the electron transport to fumarate.Abbreviations HQNO 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide - NQNO 2-n-nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide Visiting Professor at the Biological Laboratory     

Complete profiling of some eicosanoids using glass capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection: application to biological samples

The improvement of glass capillary preparation technology has allowed the development of high-resolution and very low-bleeding gas chromatographic columns. Using an all-glass injector and a flame ionization detector, it was possible to get a complete resolution of some of the principal stable oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid (cyclized and aliphatic, i.e., eicosanoids). Due to the low bleeding of the column, detector limits exceed those obtained with previously prepared columns. Total profiling studies have been obtained with small amounts of activated washed platelets after only an ether extraction, allowing for the first time a complete, simultaneous survey of cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. The application has been extended with success to other cell types.     

The effect of age on enolase turnover in the free-living nematode, Turbatrix aceti.

The rates of synthesis and degradation of enolase and total soluble proteins slow with age in the free-living nematode, Turbatrix aceti. The half-lives are 73 and 58 h for soluble protein and enolase, respectively, in young organisms (5 days old). The respective figures are 163 and 161 h for old organisms (22–30 days old). Similar slowing of protein turnover occurs when the organisms are aged by a repeated screening procedure which avoids the use of fluorodeoxyuridine, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis normally added to aging cultures to obtain synchrony. The results support the idea that slowed protein turnover may be responsible for the formation of altered enzymes in old organisms.