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81.
High Levels of Gpr30 Protein in Human Testicular Carcinoma In Situ and Seminomas Correlate with Low Levels of Estrogen Receptor‐Beta and Indicate a Switch in Estrogen Responsiveness 下载免费PDF全文
82.
Sambit Das AK Gupta Biplab Bandyopadhyaya B Harish Darla Vivek Arya Mahesh Abhyankar Santosh Revankar 《Bioinformation》2021,17(3):413
It is of interest to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin as monotherapy and combination therapy of vildagliptin and metformin for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Indian settings. The study included patients with T2DM (aged >18 years) receiving vildagliptin monotherapy and vildagliptin in combination with metformin therapy of various strengths. Data related to demographics, risk factors, medical history, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and medical therapies were retrieved from medical records. Out of 9678 patients (median age, 52.0 years), 59.1% were men. A combination of vildagliptin and metformin (50/500 mg) was the most commonly used therapy (54.8%), and the median duration of therapy was 24.0 months. The predominant reason for selecting vildagliptin therapy was to improve HbA1c levels (87.8%). A total of 87.5% of patients required dosage up-titration. Vildagliptin therapy was used in patients with T2DM and associated complications (peripheral neuropathy, CAD, nephropathy, retinopathy, autonomous neuropathy, stroke/TIA, and peripheral artery disease). Among 5175 patients who experienced body weight changes, a majority of patients showed a loss of weight (68.6%). The target glycemic control was achieved in 95.3% of patients. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly decreased post-treatment (mean change: 1.34%; p<0.001). Adverse events were reported in 0.4% of patients. Physicians rated the majority of patients as good to excellent on the global evaluation of efficacy and tolerability scale (98.9%, each). Vildagliptin as monotherapy and combination therapy of vildagliptin and metformin was an effective therapy in reducing HbA1c helps in achieving target glycemic control, and was well tolerated in Indian patients with T2DM continuum. 相似文献
83.
Evolutionary relationships of human populations on a global scale 总被引:26,自引:2,他引:26
Using gene frequency data for 29 polymorphic loci (121 alleles), we
conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 26 representative populations from
around the world by using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. We also
conducted a separate analysis of 15 populations by using data for 33
polymorphic loci. These analyses have shown that the first major split of
the phylogenetic tree separates Africans from non-Africans and that this
split occurs with a 100% bootstrap probability. The second split separates
Caucasian populations from all other non-African populations, and this
split is also supported by bootstrap tests. The third major split occurs
between Native American populations and the Greater Asians that include
East Asians (mongoloids), Pacific Islanders, and Australopapuans (native
Australians and Papua New Guineans), but Australopapuans are genetically
quite different from the rest of the Greater Asians. The second and third
levels of population splitting are quite different from those of the
phylogenetic tree obtained by Cavalli- Sforza et al. (1988), where
Caucasians, Northeast Asians, and Ameridians from the Northeurasian
supercluster and the rest of non- Africans form the Southeast Asian
supercluster. One of the major factors that caused the difference between
the two trees is that Cavalli-Sforza et al. used unweighted pair-group
method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) in phylogenetic inference, whereas we
used the NJ method in which evolutionary rate is allowed to vary among
different populations. Bootstrap tests have shown that the UPGMA tree
receives poor statistical support whereas the NJ tree is well supported.
Implications that the phylogenetic tree obtained has on the current
controversy over the out-of-Africa and the multiregional theories of human
origins are discussed.
相似文献
84.
Overexpression of the ped/pea-15 gene causes diabetes by impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in addition to insulin action 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Vigliotta G Miele C Santopietro S Portella G Perfetti A Maitan MA Cassese A Oriente F Trencia A Fiory F Romano C Tiveron C Tatangelo L Troncone G Formisano P Beguinot F 《Molecular and cellular biology》2004,24(11):5005-5015
Overexpression of the ped/pea-15 gene is a common feature of type 2 diabetes. In the present work, we show that transgenic mice ubiquitously overexpressing ped/pea-15 exhibited mildly elevated random-fed blood glucose levels and decreased glucose tolerance. Treatment with a 60% fat diet led ped/pea-15 transgenic mice to develop diabetes. Consistent with insulin resistance in these mice, insulin administration reduced glucose levels by only 35% after 45 min, compared to 70% in control mice. In vivo, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was decreased by almost 50% in fat and muscle tissues of the ped/pea-15 transgenic mice, accompanied by protein kinase Calpha activation and block of insulin induction of protein kinase Czeta. These changes persisted in isolated adipocytes from the transgenic mice and were rescued by the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide. In addition to insulin resistance, ped/pea-15 transgenic mice showed a 70% reduction in insulin response to glucose loading. Stable overexpression of ped/pea-15 in the glucose-responsive MIN6 beta-cell line also caused protein kinase Calpha activation and a marked decline in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Antisense block of endogenous ped/pea-15 increased glucose sensitivity by 2.5-fold in these cells. Thus, in vivo, overexpression of ped/pea-15 may lead to diabetes by impairing insulin secretion in addition to insulin action. 相似文献
85.
86.
Patricia A. Reis Clarissa M. Comim Fernanda Hermani Bruno Silva Tatiana Barichello Aline C. Portella Flavia C. A. Gomes Ive M. Sab Valber S. Frutuoso Marcus F. Oliveira Patricia T. Bozza Fernando A. Bozza Felipe Dal-Pizzol Guy A. Zimmerman Jo?o Quevedo Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto 《PLoS pathogens》2010,6(6)
Neurological impairments are frequently detected in children surviving cerebral malaria (CM), the most severe neurological complication of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathophysiology and therapy of long lasting cognitive deficits in malaria patients after treatment of the parasitic disease is a critical area of investigation. In the present study we used several models of experimental malaria with differential features to investigate persistent cognitive damage after rescue treatment. Infection of C57BL/6 and Swiss (SW) mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) or a lethal strain of Plasmodium yoelii XL (PyXL), respectively, resulted in documented CM and sustained persistent cognitive damage detected by a battery of behavioral tests after cure of the acute parasitic disease with chloroquine therapy. Strikingly, cognitive impairment was still present 30 days after the initial infection. In contrast, BALB/c mice infected with PbA, C57BL6 infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi and SW infected with non lethal Plasmodium yoelii NXL (PyNXL) did not develop signs of CM, were cured of the acute parasitic infection by chloroquine, and showed no persistent cognitive impairment. Reactive oxygen species have been reported to mediate neurological injury in CM. Increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes was detected in the brains of PbA-infected C57BL/6 mice with CM, indicating high oxidative stress. Treatment of PbA-infected C57BL/6 mice with additive antioxidants together with chloroquine at the first signs of CM prevented the development of persistent cognitive damage. These studies provide new insights into the natural history of cognitive dysfunction after rescue therapy for CM that may have clinical relevance, and may also be relevant to cerebral sequelae of sepsis and other disorders. 相似文献
87.
Daniel Baron Diego da Silva Graciano Roberto de Oliveira Portella Luís Paulo Benetti Mantoan Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2015,37(1):1-8
This study was performed to determine whether the environmental conditions of the Cerrado domain could directly influence photosynthesis (primary metabolism) and essential oil production (secondary metabolism) in adult Vernonia polyanthes Less. plants. In the experiments of this investigation, which were conducted in two areas of the Cerrado (conserved and degraded) during the dry season (winter), leaf CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, leaf water potential, soil potential and essential oil yield were evaluated. V. polyanthes plants exhibited outstanding growth in the conserved forests of the Brazilian Cerrado, with a higher leaf CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, leaf water potential, soil potential and essential oil yield than in degraded regions of the Cerrado. Interestingly, the Cerrado sensu stricto was associated with lower performance with respect to essential oil yield and transpiration but no alteration of stomatal conductance, an essential determinant of gas exchange parameters. Our data suggest that ecophysiological effects in conserved and degraded areas in the Cerrado modify gas exchange and essential oil production in V. polyanthes. 相似文献
88.
Tim Downing David J. Lynn Sarah Connell Andrew T. Lloyd AK Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan Pradeepa Silva Arifa N. Naqvi Rahamame Sanfo Racine-Samba Sow Baitsi Podisi Cliona O’Farrelly Olivier Hanotte Daniel G. Bradley 《Immunogenetics》2009,61(4):303-314
There have been significant evolutionary pressures on the chicken during both its speciation and its subsequent domestication
by man. Infectious diseases are expected to have exerted strong selective pressures during these processes. Consequently,
it is likely that genes associated with disease susceptibility or resistance have been subject to some form of selection.
Two genes involved in the immune response (interferon-γ and interleukin 1-β) were selected for sequencing in diverse chicken
populations from Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Kenya, Senegal, Burkina Faso and Botswana, as well as six outgroup samples
(grey, green, red and Ceylon jungle fowl and grey francolin and bamboo partridge). Haplotype frequencies, tests of neutrality,
summary statistics, coalescent simulations and phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood were used to determine the population
genetic characteristics of the genes. Networks indicate that these chicken genes are most closely related to the red jungle
fowl. Interferon-γ had lower diversity and considerable coding sequence conservation, which is consistent with its function
as a key inflammatory cytokine of the immune response. In contrast, the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin 1-β had higher diversity
and showed signals of balancing selection moderated by recombination, yielding high numbers of diverse alleles, possibly reflecting
broader functionality and potential roles in more diseases in different environments.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
89.
90.
A codon-based model designed to describe lentiviral evolution 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1