几种生理因素对玉米木质部汁液中蛋白质含量的影响

受干旱胁迫的玉米叶和茎木质部汁液中蛋白质含量降低,根中蛋白质含量升高.偏酸性营养液中的玉米各营养器官木质部汁液中蛋白质含量降低,中性或碱性营养液中的则升高.以100mmol·L-1的ABA营养液处理后的玉米根、茎和叶片的木质部汁液中蛋白质含量都升高;而用2 mmol·L-1EGTA、80 mmol·L-1三氟啦嗪或100mmol·L-1异博定处理后的木质部汁液中蛋白质含量变化不明显.     

四突跳小蜂亚科二中国新记录属二新种（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）

报道了采自辽宁阜新,黑龙江镜泊湖和云南昆明的跳小蜂,即阔柄杜丝跳小蜂,新种Dusmetia latiscapa Xu,sp．nov、云南蚧狼跳小蜂,新种Gyranusoidea yunnanensis Xu,sp．nov．。对新种进行了详细描述。本也是杜丝跳小蜂属Dusmetia Mercet和蚧狼跳小蜂属Gyranusoidea Compere在我国分布的首次记录。阔柄杜丝跳小蜂,新种Dusmetia latiscapa Xu,sp．nov．寄主：粉蚧。分布：黑龙江(镜泊湖),辽宁(阜新)。本种与Dusmetia cardinalis Hoffer,1969相似,有以下几点区别：(1)本种索节第4节端部和第5、6节为白色,后索节3-6节为白色;(2)本种柄节长为宽的2．7倍,后柄节长为宽的5倍;(3)本种前翅完全退化,呈翅芽状,后前翅退化,末端尖;(4)前头胸腹呈现黑褐色,后呈红褐色。云南蚧狼跳小蜂,新种Gyranusoidea yunnanensis Xu,sp．nov．寄主：粉蚧。分布：云南(昆明)。本新种与Gyranusoidea hecale Noyes et Hayat 1988很相似,主要区别是新种：(1)触角窝与复眼之间有1褐色斑,后触角窝与复眼之间有1褐色线相连;(2)触角柄节细长,长为最宽处的5倍,后柄节膨大,长为最宽处的2．5—2．8倍;(3)触角柄节近端无白色环斑,后触角柄节近端有白色环斑。     

Thansgenic peanut plants obtained by particle bombardment via somatic embryogenesis regeneration system

INTRODUCTIONArachiS hypogaea L., Peanut or groundnut, isan importal commercial crop worldwide. It provides an excellellt source of protein and other nutrients. Its production and quality can be severelyimpacted under stressful growing conditions such ascdriate factors, pests and diseajses. Genetic engineering provides a prospective way to reduce certainproblems by transferring individual genes for pestresistance or other traits into elite germplasm of acultiVated species. Thansgenic pea…     

植物抗细菌病害基因工程研究进展和展望

综述了利用基因工程提高植物对细菌病害抗性的各种方法,包括利用非植物抗菌蛋白,抑制细菌的致病或毒性因子,增强植物本身的抗病能力和人工诱导侵染点细胞程序化坏死。这些方法的成功都与抗菌化合物的作用机制及植物和病原细菌之间的相互作用的分子生物学的研究密切相关,还展望了这些方法的应用前景。     

江苏省稻瘟病菌的毒性多样性及水稻品种的抗病性

在13个已知日本抗病基因品种上检测1997－1999年采集自江苏省吴江,赣榆,通州,高邮和宜兴等5个代表地区的324个稻瘟病菌株的毒性,结果可将上述菌株划分为90种毒性类型,表明江苏省稻瘟病菌存在着丰富的毒性多样性,毒性类型组成在地区间存在较大的差异,并且随着时间的推移,稻瘟病菌毒性类型组成有差异加大的趋势,在已知抗病基因品种上测定江苏省稻瘟病菌的毒力,结果显示：Pi-k^3,Pi-ta,Pi-ta^2和Pi-sh等抗病基因对江苏省的稻瘟病菌的抗谱很窄,而Pi-i,Pi-z,Pi-z^t和Pi-b等抗病基因的抗谱比较宽,可作为抗源加以利用,用6个代表性毒性类型菌株接种江苏省80筱水稻主载品种和新育成品种,品种抗性分析表明,上述水稻品种中的籼稻和杂交稻对江苏省稻瘟病菌具有较高的抗性,而粳稻品种的抗性较差,上述研究结果为利用水稻品种抗性多样性控制稻瘟病提供了依据。     

卵跳小蜂Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii对豆缘蝽和豆璧蝽卵的选择性和密度反应(英文)

本文研究了卵跳小蜂对豆缘蝽 (R .clavatusThunberg)和豆璧蝽 (P .hybneriGmelin)卵的选择性和密度反应。在自由选择试验中 ,两种豆蝽卵中羽化的卵跳小蜂在不同的卵密度和比例中均选择豆缘蝽 ;而在非选择性试验中 ,从豆璧蝽中羽化的卵跳小蜂同时选择豆缘蝽和豆璧蝽卵 ,寄生率较高 ;然而 ,从豆缘蝽卵羽化的卵跳小蜂对豆璧蝽卵的寄生率非常低。嗅觉试验表明 ,从豆缘蝽卵上释放的气味对卵跳小蜂的搜寻和寄生行为影响很大。卵跳小蜂寄生的卵数量随着豆缘蝽和豆璧蝽卵密度的增加而提高 ;然而 ,卵跳小蜂对豆璧蝽的寄生率随着卵的密度增加而降低 ,尤其是从豆缘蝽卵中羽化的寄生蜂。研究还表明 ,卵跳小蜂在大田中对豆缘蝽卵的寄生存在着空间或时间上的障碍。     

Functional differences between TRPC4 splice variants.

Functional characterizations of heterologously expressed TRPC4 have revealed diverse regulatory mechanisms and permeation properties. We aimed to clarify whether these differences result from different species and splice variants used for heterologous expression. Like the murine beta splice variant, rat and human TRPC4beta both formed receptor-regulated cation channels when expressed in HEK293 cells. In contrast, human TRPC4alpha was poorly activated by stimulation of an H(1) histamine receptor. This was not due to reduced expression or plasma membrane targeting, because fluorescent TRPC4alpha fusion proteins were correctly inserted in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, currents through both human TRPC4alpha and TRPC4beta had similar current-voltage relationships and single channel conductances. To analyze the assembly of transient receptor potential channel subunits in functional pore complexes in living cells, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach was used. TRPC4alpha and TRPC4beta homomultimers exhibited robust FRET signals. Furthermore, coexpressed TRPC4alpha and TRPC4beta subunits formed heteromultimers exhibiting comparable FRET signals. To promote variable heteromultimer assemblies, TRPC4alpha/TRPC4beta were coexpressed at different molar ratios. TRPC4beta was inhibited in the presence of TRPC4alpha with a cooperativity higher than 2, indicating a dominant negative effect of TRPC4alpha subunits in heteromultimeric TRPC4 channel complexes. Finally, C-terminal truncation of human TRPC4alpha fully restored the channel activity. Thus, TRPC4beta subunits form a receptor-dependently regulated homomultimeric channel across various species, whereas TRPC4alpha contains a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain that may require additional regulatory mechanisms.     

Differential effects of unaggregated and aggregated amyloid β protein (1–40) on K+ channel currents in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule and cortical neurones

The effects of amyloid beta protein on voltage-gated K(+) channel currents were studied using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The 1-40 amino acid form of amyloid beta protein was applied to primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule and cortical neurones for 24 h. Both the unaggregated and aggregated forms of the peptide, which have differing biological activities, were used. In cerebellar granule neurones, 24-h pre-incubation with 1 microM unaggregated amyloid beta protein resulted in a 60% increase in the 'A'-type component of K(+) current. Increased delayed rectifier activity was Cd(2+)-sensitive and was presumed to be secondary to an increase in voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel current activity. Unaggregated amyloid beta protein had no effect on any component of the K(+) channel current in cortical neurones. One micromolar of aggregated amyloid beta protein had no effect on K(+) channel current in either cell type but reduced cell survival within 24 h as measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assays. The unaggregated form of amyloid beta protein had no neurotoxic effects when applied to either neurone type for up to 72 h. These data indicate that the unaggregated, non-pathological form of amyloid beta protein causes changes in the ion channel function of neurones, possibly reflecting a physiological role for the peptide.     

TRPC4 and TRPC5: receptor-operated Ca-permeable nonselective cation channels

The seven mammalian channels from the classical (TRPC) subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are thought to be receptor-operated cation channels activated in a phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent manner. Based on sequence similarity, TRPC channels can be divided into four subgroups. Group 4 comprises TRPC4 and TRPC5, and is most closely related to group 1 (TRPC1). The functional properties observed following heterologous expression of TRPC4 or TRPC5 in mammalian cells are contradictory and, therefore, controversial. In our hands, and in several independent studies, both channels, probably as homotetramers, form receptor-operated, Ca²⁺-permeable, nonselective cation channels activated independently of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP₃) receptor activation or Ca²⁺ store-depletion. As heteromultimers with TRPC1, TRPC4 and TRPC5 form receptor-operated, Ca²⁺-permeable, nonselective cation channels with biophysical properties distinct from homomeric TRPC4 or TRPC5. In other studies, TRPC4 and TRPC5 have been shown to be store-operated channels, with moderate to high Ca²⁺ permeabilities. At present there is no clear explanation for these major differences in functional properties. To date, little is known as to which native cation channels are formed by TRPC4 and TRPC5. Endothelial cells from TRPC4^−/− mice lack a highly Ca²⁺-permeable, store-dependent current, and data support a role for TRPC4 in endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation. A similar current in adrenal cortical cells is reduced by TRPC4 antisense. From similarities in the properties of the currents and expression of appropriate isoforms in the tissues, it is likely that heteromultimers of TRPC1 and TRPC4 or TRPC5 form receptor-operated nonselective cation channels in central neurones, and that TRPC4 contributes to nonselective cation channels in intestinal smooth muscle.