Observation of ovulation in Macaca fascicularis

Objectives of the present study were to view the moment of ovulation, determine the postovulatory relationships between the ovary and egg mass, and to characterize ovulation in consecutive cycles of the Macaca fascicularis. Laparoscopic observation of the ovaries of 17 adult regularly cycling Macaca fasicularis was made during their menstrual cycles at the optimal time for detecting follicular development. Preovulatory morphology, follicular rupture and immediate postovulatory morphology were noted and photographed. Data are presented correlating the duration of the follicular phase and the luteal phase with that of the total cycle.     

Synthesis and characterization of electronically varied XCX palladacycles with functional arene groups

X-ray crystallographic studies show that varying the nature of the S-aryl ligands in SCS-Pd(II) pincer complexes and the electronic nature of the aryl substituent para to the Pd(II) group in PCP-Pd(II) pincer complexes do not lead to structural changes in these palladacycles that can be correlated with the changing nature of the ligands. While the original C2 symmetry for the S-aryl groups in SCS-Pd(II) pincer complexes seen in the case of the 2,5-bis(thiophenylmethyl)phenylpalladium chloride pincer complex is also seen in other SCS-Pd(II) pincer complexes, the relative stereochemistry of the S-aryl rings is not consistently maintained in 2,5-bis((4-dimethylaminothiophenyl)methyl)-phenylpalladium chloride.     

The use of a model system to compare the efficiency of ultrasound and agitation in the recovery of Bacillus subtilis spores from polymer surfaces

The effectiveness of ultrasound and mechanical agitation for the recovery of Bacillus subtilis spores from pre-inoculated glass, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene and polycarbonate surfaces was tested in the presence and absence of surfactant. Recovery from polymers was improved by the use of surfactant. Simple agitation, as frequently used in bioburden determination, is shown to be a poor method for the recovery of spores from hard surfaces. The use of ultrasound achieves recoveries over 90% only with glass, recoveries from polymers ranging from 40%–75%. Recoveries from polypropylene and polycarbonate showed poor reproducibilities. Agitation with Ballotini beads improved the reproducibility of recoveries from polymers and also in the majority of cases improved recovery levels.