高粘发酵体系不同搅拌桨的CFD模拟及发酵验证

搅拌桨是高好氧高黏度微生物发酵实现高效反应必不可少的因素之一,不同搅拌桨组合对发酵过程的影响十分重要。威兰胶是由产碱杆菌在高耗氧高粘度发酵体系下合成的胞外微生物多糖,广泛应用于水泥、石油、油墨、食品等行业中。本研究借助于计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法,以威兰胶发酵液体系为研究体系,研究了6种不同搅拌桨组合在反应器内流体速率分布、剪切速率、和气含率等参数。将模拟效果较好的3种组合用于威兰胶发酵过程。研究表明MB-4-6搅拌桨组合对改善发酵罐内部的溶氧及流场分布效果最明显,威兰胶产量水平提高了13%。同时在该组合下威兰胶的产品粘度得到有效提高。     

内皮素-1促进反应性星形胶质细胞增殖

目的利用成年SD大鼠脊髓损伤原代培养的反应性星形胶质细胞模型,探讨内皮素-1(ET1)与反应性星形胶质细胞增殖之间的关系。方法建立成年SD大鼠脊髓损伤原代培养的反应性星形胶质细胞模型,用100 n M ET1和5μM BQ788(内皮素受体B的拮抗剂)处理反应性星形胶质细胞48 h,通过免疫荧光的方法对各实验组中星形胶质细胞的标记分子Vimentin及Brdu进行检测,以确定ET1对反应性星形胶质细胞增殖的影响。结果 ET1组中星形胶质细胞的数量明显增加,Brdu阳性细胞占星形胶质细胞的平均百分比(19.41%)高于正常对照组(3.28%,P0.01);而ET1+BQ788组中Brdu阳性细胞数占星形胶质细胞的平均百分比为10.38%,明显低于ET1组(19.41%,P0.01)。结论在成年SD大鼠脊髓损伤原代培养的反应性星形胶质细胞模型中,ET1可刺激反应性星形胶质细胞的增殖,ET1受体endothelin B的拮抗剂BQ788可有效抑制ET1对反应性星形胶质细胞的促增殖效应。     

乳腺癌与MICA基因多态性的相关性研究

目的:研究海南汉族人群MICA等位基因的多态性与乳腺癌的相关性。方法:采用PCR-SSP和PCRSBT方法对样本MICA等位基因的多态性进行检测分析。结果:乳腺癌患者中有检测出10种MICA等位基因,其中MICA*002/019基因型频率较对照组显著偏低(OR=0.32,Pc0.05)。结论:MICA*002/019基因型可能与乳腺癌的保护相关。     

Cloning and characterization of calreticulin and its association with salinity stress in P. trituberculatus

Calreticulin (CRT) is a highly conserved and multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein and plays important roles in salinity stress response. Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important fishery species, and water salinity conditions influence its commercial farming significantly. In order to research the function of calreticulin under salinity stress, the full-length cDNA sequence of calreticulin from P. trituberculatus (PtCRT) was firstly cloned and characterized. The complete cDNA sequence of PtCRT is 1676 bp with 1218 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 405 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the deduced acid amino sequences of PtCRT shared the highest homology to CRT of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (89 %). Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that PtCRT was expressed in all detected tissues and showed the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. In addition, salinity challenge significantly influenced the expression level of PtCRT in gill. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in cDNA sequence of PtCRT, and one SNP was associated with the salt tolerant trait. All results indicated that PtCRT plays an important role in mediating the salinity adaption of P. trituberculatus.     

Tissue‐specific and pathogen‐inducible expression of a fusion protein containing a Fusarium‐specific antibody and a fungal chitinase protects wheat against Fusarium pathogens and mycotoxins

Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other small grain cereals is a globally devastating disease caused by toxigenic Fusarium pathogens. Controlling FHB is a challenge because germplasm that is naturally resistant against these pathogens is inadequate. Current control measures rely on fungicides. Here, an antibody fusion comprised of the Fusarium spp.‐specific recombinant antibody gene CWP2 derived from chicken, and the endochitinase gene Ech42 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride was introduced into the elite wheat cultivar Zhengmai9023 by particle bombardment. Expression of this fusion gene was regulated by the lemma/palea‐specific promoter Lem2 derived from barley; its expression was confirmed as lemma/palea‐specific in transgenic wheat. Single‐floret inoculation of independent transgenic wheat lines of the T₃ to T₆ generations revealed significant resistance (type II) to fungal spreading, and natural infection assays in the field showed significant resistance (type I) to initial infection. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed marked reduction of mycotoxins in the grains of the transgenic wheat lines. Progenies of crosses between the transgenic lines and the FHB‐susceptible cultivar Huamai13 also showed significantly enhanced FHB resistance. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed that the tissue‐specific expression of the antibody fusion was induced by salicylic acid drenching and induced to a greater extent by F. graminearum infection. Histochemical analysis showed substantial restriction of mycelial growth in the lemma tissues of the transgenic plants. Thus, the combined tissue‐specific and pathogen‐inducible expression of this Fusarium‐specific antibody fusion can effectively protect wheat against Fusarium pathogens and reduce mycotoxin content in grain.