剂量补偿和MSL复合物研究进展

剂量补偿效应(Dosage compensation effect)广泛存在于两性真核生物,是基于性别决定、平衡不同性别间基因转录水平的遗传效应。MSL复合物(Male-specific lethal complex)是果蝇剂量补偿机制的核心,它乙酰化雄性果蝇X染色体上一些特定的位点,双倍激活X连锁活跃基因的转录,从而弥补雄性果蝇只具有单一条X染色体的不足。目前,已对果蝇MSL复合物各主要成分进行了结构分析,大体了解了各组分间的相互作用位点,并对该复合物的识别机制进行了大量的研究。与果蝇不同,哺乳动物是通过雌性个体一条X染色体的失活来实现剂量补偿。虽然哺乳动物MSL复合物的组成已被鉴定,但对其功能的研究还处于初步阶段。迄今为止,对硬骨鱼类剂量补偿及MSL复合物的研究极少。文章概括了线虫、果蝇和哺乳动物各物种剂量补偿机制的异同,综述了果蝇MSL复合物及其剂量补偿机制作用机理的研究进展,并提出有待解决的问题,同时利用同线性分析发现了不同鱼类msl3基因的多样性,为今后继续研究各物种的剂量补偿机制提供基础资料和研究方向。     

一个适用于分离光系统Ⅱ的凝胶电泳系统

用一高分辨率的凝胶电泳系统从延长破碎时间的蓝藻类囊体膜增溶物中分离出１４条绿色的带。按照电泳迁移率的增加顺序,自上而下分别是ＣＰＩａ,ＣＰＩｂ,ＣＰＩｃ,ＣＰＩｄ,ＣＰＩｅ,ＣＰＩｆ,ＣＰＩｇ,ＣＰＩｈ,ＣＰａ１,ＣＰａ２,ＣＰａ３,ＣＰａ４,ＣＰａ５和ＦＣ。ＣＰａ１,ＣＰａ２,ＣＰａ３,ＣＰａ４和ＣＰａ５５种叶绿素蛋白复合体的吸收光谱相似,它们在蓝区的吸收峰位子４３６ｎｍ,而红区的吸收峰则位于６７０—６７３ｎｍ附近。它们的低温荧光发射光谱亦很相似,其荧光发射峰都位于６８５ｎｍ处。因此它们都属于光系统Ⅱ叶绿素ａ蛋白复合体．跟传统电泳相比,该系统对光系统Ⅱ的分离能力提高了１．５倍。     

猴头菌粉与5-氨基水杨酸联用抑制小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎并提高肠道共生菌Parabacteroides distasonis丰度

猴头菌Hericium erinaceus是一种药食同源真菌,广泛应用于治疗胃肠道疾病,可采用液态发酵技术规模化量产获得菌丝体粉。本研究旨在分析猴头发酵菌粉（HE,300mg/kg/d）与5-氨基水杨酸（5-aminosalicylic acid,5-ASA,150mg/kg/d）联用对葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sodium sulfate,DSS）诱导的小鼠结肠炎的治疗作用。HE和5-ASA能够减轻小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎症状,包括减轻体重的降低率和疾病活动指数评分（DAI）。HE和5-ASA联用可以显著抑制小鼠结肠组织炎症,通过降低肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tnf-α）和白细胞介素-β（Il-β）基因的表达。此外,利用16S rRNA基因测序技术对小鼠盲肠微生物群落组成及结构进行分析。HE与5-ASA联用可以重塑肠道微生态环境,并显著提高狄氏副拟杆菌Parabacteroides distasonis相对丰度。人体粪便体外发酵结果证实HE与5-ASA可以增加P. distasonis。综上,HE与5-ASA联用可有效抑制小鼠结肠炎症水平,并调节肠道微生物,可能是通过增加P. distasonis起作用。     

Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality all over the world. In recent years, pulmonary adenocarcinoma has surpassed squamous cell carcinoma in frequency and is the predominant form of lung cancer in many countries. Epidemiological investigations have shown an inverse relationship between garlic (Allium sativum) consumption and death rate from many cancers. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is one of the garlic-derived compounds (also known as: organosulfer compounds, OSC). DATS can induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of many cancer cell lines. Our study demonstrated that the apoptotic incidents induced by DATS were a mitochondria-dependent caspase cascade through a significant decrease of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 that resulted in up-regulation of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the activity of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Eventually, DATS induced the apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, by establishing an animal model of female BALB/c nude mice with A549 xenografts, we found that oral gavage of DATS significantly retarded growth of A549 xenografts in nude mice without causing weight loss or any other side effects compared with the control group. All the evidence both in vitro and in vivo suggested that DATS could be an ideal anti-cancer drug.     

Bacteria abundance and diversity of different life stages of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), revealed by bacteria culture‐dependent and PCR‐DGGE methods

Microbial abundance and diversity of different life stages (fourth instar larvae, pupae and adults) of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., collected from field and reared in laboratory, were investigated using bacteria culture‐dependent method and PCR‐DGGE analysis based on the sequence of bacteria 16S rRNA V3 region gene. A large quantity of bacteria was found in all life stages of P. xylostella. Field population had higher quantity of bacteria than laboratory population, and larval gut had higher quantity than pupae and adults. Culturable bacteria differed in different life stages of P. xylostella. Twenty‐five different bacterial strains were identified in total, among them 20 strains were presented in larval gut, only 8 strains in pupae and 14 strains in adults were detected. Firmicutes bacteria, Bacillus sp., were the most dominant species in every life stage. 15 distinct bands were obtained from DGGE electrophoresis gel. The sequences blasted in GenBank database showed these bacteria belonged to six different genera. Phylogenetic analysis showed the sequences of the bacteria belonged to the Actinobacteri, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Serratia sp. in Proteobacteria was the most abundant species in larval gut. In pupae, unculturable bacteria were the most dominant species, and unculturable bacteria and Serratia sp. were the most dominant species in adults. Our study suggested that a combination of molecular and traditional culturing methods can be effectively used to analyze and to determine the diversity of gut microflora. These known bacteria may play important roles in development of P. xylostella.     

Nicotiana chloroplast genome

Summary Using the existing restriction map and probes from wheat and pea ct-DNA, seven protein genes have been localized in the chloroplast genome of N. tabacum. On the clock-like map, the location of each gene is indicated by its time zone: the 15.2 kD polypeptide of the cytochrome b/f complex at 315, cytochrome f at 430, LS of RuBPCase at 450, both and subunits of ATP synthase at or near 500, proton-translocating subunit of ATP synthase at 820, subunit of ATP synthase at 840 and the 32 kD protein at 930. The genome organization of Nicotiana chloroplast DNA is similar to spinach.     

大黄鱼主要致病菌拮抗菌株的分离鉴定、抑菌谱及安全性分析

大黄鱼是我国重要的海水养殖鱼类,随着大黄鱼养殖规模的扩大,病害也日益增多,其中细菌性疾病是造成大黄鱼疾病暴发、死亡的重要病原。近年来,哈维弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)、杀香鱼假单胞菌(Pseudomonas plecoglossicida)、鰤鱼诺卡菌(Nocardia seriolea)等细菌造成了大黄鱼养殖重大经济损失。为寻找大黄鱼主要致病菌的拮抗菌,用于大黄鱼细菌病的生态控制,作者对大黄鱼及周边环境进行了拮抗菌的分离和鉴定。以哈维弧菌、杀香鱼假单胞菌作为拮抗活性筛选指示菌,用纸片法(KB)、菌落接种法从大黄鱼体内、养殖池周边土壤、藻类、芦苇等筛选出具抗菌活性物质菌株10株;分离菌株用16S rDNA通用引物序列分析鉴定为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes sp.)、类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus sp.)、弧菌(Vibrio sp.)和异常球菌(Daenococcus sp.)等。对具较强抑菌活性的碱性杆菌NBPa-7(Alcaligenes faecalis)和芽孢杆菌NBlm-36(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)进行了抑菌活性测定,结果表明NBPa-7对溶藻弧菌、杀香鱼假单胞菌有良好拮抗作用,抑菌直径分别为23.20 mm、12.00 mm;NBlm-36对创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)、哈维弧菌、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)及葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sp.)有拮抗作用,抑菌直径为6.00 mm-14.00 mm。胞外抑菌产物对热、酸、碱有较好耐受性。将拮抗菌以1×108CFU/ind腹腔注射成年鼠、口喂新生鼠,48 h内未出现毒性和死亡,将拮抗菌以3×108CFU/ind腹腔注射大黄鱼,2周内未出现发病死亡,大黄鱼内脏未发生病变,白细胞未出现明显升高现象,初步表明拮抗菌株不具有致病力。     

Netrin-1诱导促性腺素释放激素神经元迁移的研究

目的:建立神经导向研究的模型,并鉴定netrin-1的神经导向功能.方法:用促性腺素释放激素(Gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)神经细胞为研究模型,建立双细胞团培养方法,用netrin-1诱导CmRH神经元亚克隆系NLT,观察细胞生长的诱导情况.结果:NLT细胞团在体外培养条件下,具有自发放射状迁移能力.在netrin-1诱导作用下,NLT细胞朝向netrin-1浓度梯度的方向生长,在靠近netrin-1细胞团的部位,netrin-1浓度梯度高,迁移出的细胞数目较多,约占总数目的68%,并且细胞迁移的平均距离较长为107.31μm;而在远离netrin-1细胞团部位,其netrin-1浓度梯度较低,迁移出的细胞数目相对较少约占32%,细胞迁移的平均距离较短为56.52μm.结论:netrin-1能诱导培养的NLT细胞发生明显的定向迁移,这为进一步深入研究netrin-1在神经系统中的功能和分子机制奠定了基础.     

东方鲎C因子的分段克隆及表达

东方鲎C因子 (factorCfromTachypleustridentatus)是鲎血细胞中的一种对内毒素敏感的丝氨酸蛋白酶原 ,它与内毒素特异结合的特性 ,使之具有很大的应用价值。根据报道的C因子序列 ,设计了两对引物 ,以中国福建沿海的东方鲎 (Tachypleustridentatus)为材料抽提其血细胞总RNA ,首次用RT PCR的方法分两段扩增了鲎血中编码C因子蛋白的基因全序列。序列分析表明 ,得到的FC基因与文献报道的来自日本的东方鲎的FC有很高的同源性。将分段克隆得到的两段FC片段经相应酶切后 ,与含T7启动子的质粒 pET 2 8a( )在一个体系中作连接反应 ,构建表达质粒pET2 8a FC ,转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3) ,筛选表达菌株。表达菌株经 1mmol/LIPTG诱导表达 2 .5h后 ,收集菌体并超声破菌。经SDS PAGE分析表明 ,在 110kD左右处有明显的表达条带 ,大小与FC的计算分子量相吻合。但表达产物以包涵体形式存在。经洗涤与变复性后 ,重组FC在体外表现出明显的抑菌活性。同时蛋白质印迹实验也提示了在大肠杆菌中FC的单基因表达物可能发生部分自剪切反应 ,而形成了额外的免疫印迹条带     

L1 cell adhesion molecule overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma associates with advanced tumor progression and poor patient survival

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), as a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has recently been observed in a variety of human malignancies. However, no data of L1CAM are available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of L1CAM in HCC and determine its correlation with tumor progression and prognosis. METHODS: One-hundred and thirty HCC patients who had undergone curative liver resection were selected and immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) were performed to analyze L1CAM expression in the respective tumors. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and Q-PCR consistently confirmed the overexpression of L1CAM in HCC tissues compared with their adjacent nonneoplastic tissues at both protein and gene level (both P <0.01). Additionally, the high expression of L1CAM was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (P = 0.02) and advanced tumor grade (P = 0.03), respectively. Moreover, HCC patients with high L1CAM expression were significantly associated with lower 5-year overall survival (P <0.01) and lower 5-year disease-free survival (P <0.01), respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model further showed that L1CAM over-expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for both 5-year disease-free survival (P = 0.02) and 5-year overall survival (P = 0.008) in HCC. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest for the first time that L1CAM expression in HCC was significantly correlated with the advanced tumor progression and was an independent poor prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with HCC.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1970024872761542.