海南乐东洪帽剖面鹿母湾组孢粉组合及其地层意义

作者系统地研究了海南乐东洪帽剖面鹿母湾组孢粉化石,共计26属60种,其中苔藓类植物孢子1属3种,蕨类植物孢子18属30种,裸子植物花粉7属27种,组成以Cicatricosisporites-Schizaeois porites-Ephedripites-Exe-sipollenites为特征的孢粉组合.依据组合中主要分子和重要分子地质时限的讨论以及与相关孢粉组合进行比较,将洪帽剖面鹿母湾组的地质时代归为Aptian期-早Albian期.     

When invasion increases population genetic structure: a study with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Centaurea diffusa</Emphasis>

Biological invasions offer excellent systems to study the evolutionary processes involved in introductions of species to new ranges. Molecular markers can reveal invasion histories and the effects of introductions on amounts and structuring of genetic variation. We used five polymorphic microsatellite loci to elucidate genetic diversity and population structure between native range and introduced range populations of a prominent North American rangeland weed, Centaurea diffusa (Asteraceae). We found that the total number of alleles and the number of private alleles was slightly higher in the native Eurasian range, and that allelic richness did not differ between the ranges, indicating overall levels of diversity were similar in Eurasia and North America. It therefore seems unlikely that this invasion has been affected by genetic bottlenecks or founder effects. Indeed, results of assignment tests suggest that multiple introductions have contributed to North America’s C. diffusa invasion. Additionally, assignment tests show that both Eurasian and North American sites had a strong pattern of mixed genetic ancestry. This mixed assignment corresponded to a lack of geographic population structure among Eurasian samples. The lack of population structure in the native range conflicts with general expectations and findings to date for invasion genetics, and cautions that even species’ native ranges may show signs of recent ecological upheaval. Despite the mixed assignments, North American samples showed strong population structure, suggesting that the invasion has been characterized by long-range dispersal of genetically distinct propagules across the introduced range.     

血卟啉光分解性质的研究

本文阐述了血卟啉的光分解性质。Ｈｕｃｋｅｌ分子轨道理论指出,共轭分子随着π电子数的增加,分子的πＭ０能级变密,激发能降低,分子的激发带边红移。因此通过红移分析可以计算出共轭分子的π电子数。在强紫外光照射下血卟啉发生了光分解,其激发光谱发生了明显的变化,根据光谱数据可计算出血卟啉开环。     

Integrative taxonomy recognized a new cryptic species within Stipa grandis from Loess Plateau of China

Stipa shanxiensis, a cryptic species within Stipa grandis that originated from central and western China, is described based on morphological, genomic, and ecological data from field and common garden experiments. Stipa shanxiensis morphologically resembles S. grandis, although phylogenetically it is closely related to the less morphologically similar Stipa baicalensis and Stipa krylovii. Of the eight significant morphological differences between S. shanxiensis and S. grandis, the two, cauline ligules longer than 2 cm with a filiform apex, and hairs shorter than 0.2 mm on the adaxial surface of the cauline uppermost leaves can be used to distinguish the species. Results from a common garden experiment verified that the two diagnostic characteristics were relatively stable and less morphologically plastic in response to environmental variation. Furthermore, a significant ecological divergence was found between S. shanxiensis and S. grandis, such that the former preferred warmer and more humid climates, and their predicted distribution was generally separated. Taken together, our results highlight that the integrative taxonomic approach was valuable for recognizing a new cryptic species in Stipa. In particular, we find that common garden experiments involving the effects of growth stage and characteristic position helped to morphologically diagnose cryptic species. These findings may also facilitate our understandings of ecological adaption and phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental change.     

Mesenchymal stem cell‐conditioned medium attenuates the retinal pathology in amyloid‐β‐induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease: Underlying mechanisms

Amyloid‐beta (Aβ) oligomer is known to contribute to the pathophysiology of age‐related macular degeneration. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the in vivo and in vitro effects of Aβ_1‐42 application on retinal morphology in rats. Our in vivo studies revealed that intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ_1‐42 oligomer caused dysmorphological changes in both retinal ganglion cells and retinal pigment epithelium. In addition, in vitro studies revealed that ARPE‐19 cells following Aβ_1‐42 oligomer application had decreased viability along with apoptosis and decreased expression of the tight junction proteins, increased expression of both phosphor‐AKT and phosphor‐GSK3β and decreased expression of both SIRT1 and β‐catenin. Application of conditioned medium (CM) obtained from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) protected against Aβ_1‐42 oligomer‐induced retinal pathology in both rats and ARPE‐19 cells. In order to explore the potential role of peptides secreted from the MSCs, we applied mass spectrometry to compare the peptidomics profiles of the MSC‐CM. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and String analysis were performed to explore the differentially expressed peptides by predicting the functions of their precursor proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that 3‐8 out of 155–163 proteins in the MSC‐CM maybe associated with SIRT1/pAKT/pGSK3β/β‐catenin, tight junction proteins, and apoptosis pathway. In particular, the secretomes information on the MSC‐CM may be helpful for the prevention and treatment of retinal pathology in age‐related macular degeneration.     

G蛋白偶联受体组成型活性的理论与技术及其医药学研究

GPCR(G蛋白偶联受体)组成型活性(constitutive activity)发现和提出十几年来,对疾病机制阐明、药靶筛选和新药研发等起到了巨大的推动作用。随着组成型活性相关理论和实验技术的不断进步和新功能的发现,如今GPCR已成为医药学领域的热点。     

Ionizing radiation induces a Yap1-dependent peroxide stress response in yeast

Repair of DNA damage is fundamental for cellular tolerance to ionizing radiation (IR) and many IR-induced DNA lesions are thought to occur as a result of oxidative stress. We investigated the physiological effects of IR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by performing protein expression profiles in cells exposed to electron pulse irradiation. Transient induction of several antioxidant enzymes in wild-type cells, but not in cells lacking the oxidative stress regulator Yap1, indicated that IR exposure causes cellular oxidative stress. Yap1 activation involved oxidation to the intramolecular disulfide bond, a signature of activation by peroxide, and was dependent on the Yap1 peroxide sensor Orp1/Gpx3. H(2)O(2) was produced in the culture medium of irradiated cells and was both necessary and sufficient for IR-induced Yap1 activation. When IR was performed in the presence of N(2)O, obviating H(2)O(2) production and increasing hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) production, the Yap1 response was lost, indicating that Yap1 was unable to respond to (*)OH or (*)OH-induced damage. However, the Yap1 response to IR did not seem to be a primary determinant of cellular IR tolerance. Altogether, these data provide a molecular demonstration that cells experience in vivo peroxide stress during IR and indicate that the H(2)O(2) produced cannot account for IR toxicity.     

关节镜下清理术联合腓骨截骨术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效及对炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨采用关节镜下清理术联合腓骨截骨术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)的疗效及对炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2015年3月～2017年12月期间右江民族医学院附属河池医院收治的KOA患者99例,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组(n=46,关节镜下清理术治疗)和B组(n=53,关节镜下清理术联合腓骨截骨术治疗),比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,比较两组术前、术后6个月、术后1年疼痛情况、膝关节功能恢复情况、膝关节相关角,比较两组术前、术后1个月炎性因子变化,记录两组术后并发症发生情况。结果:B组手术时间长于A组(P0.05),两组术中出血量、住院时间比较无差异(P0.05)。B组术后6个月、术后1年视觉疼痛模拟(VAS)评分低于A组,美国特种外科医院(HSS)、膝关节评分及美国膝关节协会(KSS)评分则高于A组(P0.05)。两组患者术后1个月白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)均较术前降低,且B组低于A组(P0.05)。B组术后6个月、术后1年膝关节相关角[股骨干与股骨双髁连线夹角(F角)、股骨胫骨角(FT角)、胫股关节间隙角(JS角)]均低于术前以及A组同时间点(P0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:KOA患者经关节镜下清理术、腓骨截骨术联合治疗后,疗效显著,可有效改善患者疼痛及膝关节功能,降低炎性因子水平,手术方案安全且可改善患者下肢力线。     

滨豇豆的生态生物学特征

为探究滨豇豆(Vignamarina)的生态生物学特性及其对热带珊瑚岛的适应性,对西沙群岛野生滨豇豆的叶片形态解剖结构、生理特征和营养成分进行了分析。结果表明,滨豇豆具有叶片厚、比叶面积小、栅栏组织发达、气孔密度大、气孔面积指数大等形态特征,对减少蒸腾、保持水分起到重要作用。滨豇豆叶片的SOD活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量高,丙二醛(MDA)含量低,表明抗氧化能力较强;滨豇豆叶片养分含量适中但其生境土壤养分含量很低,说明其对养分有着良好的吸收利用能力,利于适应贫瘠的环境。因此,滨豇豆具有能够较好地适应珊瑚岛礁高温、干旱、贫瘠生境的形态解剖结构和生理特征,加之其具有良好的固氮和养分利用能力,可作为热带珊瑚岛植被恢复的工具种。     

A novel mutation in the mitochondrial tRNAAla gene (m.5636T>C) in a patient with progressive external ophthalmoplegia

We report a heteroplasmic novel mutation m.5636T>C in the mt-tRNA^Ala in a patient with bilateral ptosis and ophthalmoparesis in whom a muscle biopsy showed cytochrome c oxdidase (COX) negative and ragged red fibers. Using laser capture microdissection we have isolated COX negative fibers and COX positive fibers from the muscle of the patient and determined that the mutation load was clearly increased in COX negative muscle fibers. Additionally, the mutated m.5636T nucleotide is conserved in all the mammal and non-mammal species analyzed and might be structurally relevant as it is located in a position involved in the formation of tertiary structure of canonical mitochondrial tRNAs.