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441.
Silvio Renato Oliveira Menegassi Gabriel Ribas Pereira Eduardo Antunes Dias Celso Koetz Jr. Flávio Guiselli Lopes Carolina Bremm Concepta Pimentel Rubia Branco Lopes Marcela Kuczynski da Rocha Helena Robattini Carvalho Júlio Otavio Jardim Barcellos 《International journal of biometeorology》2016,60(1):151-157
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Drosophila growth cones: A genetically tractable platform for the analysis of axonal growth dynamics
Natalia Sánchez‐Soriano Catarina Gonçalves‐Pimentel Robin Beaven Ulrike Haessler Lisa Ofner‐Ziegenfuss Christoph Ballestrem Andreas Prokop 《Developmental neurobiology》2010,70(1):58-71
The formation of neuronal networks, during development and regeneration, requires outgrowth of axons along reproducible paths toward their appropriate postsynaptic target cells. Axonal extension occurs at growth cones (GCs) at the tips of axons. GC advance and navigation requires the activity of their cytoskeletal networks, comprising filamentous actin (F‐actin) in lamellipodia and filopodia as well as dynamic microtubules (MTs) emanating from bundles of the axonal core. The molecular mechanisms governing these two cytoskeletal networks, their cross‐talk, and their response to extracellular signaling cues are only partially understood, hindering our conceptual understanding of how regulated changes in GC behavior are controlled. Here, we introduce Drosophila GCs as a suitable model to address these mechanisms. Morphological and cytoskeletal readouts of Drosophila GCs are similar to those of other models, including mammals, as demonstrated here for MT and F‐actin dynamics, axonal growth rates, filopodial structure and motility, organizational principles of MT networks, and subcellular marker localization. Therefore, we expect fundamental insights gained in Drosophila to be translatable into vertebrate biology. The advantage of the Drosophila model over others is its enormous amenability to combinatorial genetics as a powerful strategy to address the complexity of regulatory networks governing axonal growth. Thus, using pharmacological and genetic manipulations, we demonstrate a role of the actin cytoskeleton in a specific form of MT organization (loop formation), known to regulate GC pausing behavior. We demonstrate these events to be mediated by the actin‐MT linking factor Short stop, thus identifying an essential molecular player in this context. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2010 相似文献
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Karina Fontana Fernanda M. Almeida Tatiana Carla Tomiosso Edson Rosa Pimentel Maria Alice da Cruz Höfling 《Cell and tissue research》2010,339(2):411-420
The effect of mesterolone and intensive treadmill training (6 weeks, 5 days/week, means: 15.82 m/min and 45.8 min/day) in Achilles tendon remodeling was evaluated. Sedentary mice treated with mesterolone (Sed-M) or vehicle (Sed-C, placebo/control) and corresponding exercised (Ex-M and Ex-C) were examined. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for determining collagen bands and hydroxyproline concentration. Collagen fibril diameter, the area and number of fibrils contained in an area probe, and the ultrastructure of fibroblasts (tenocytes) were determined. The presence of collagen was notable in the tendons of all groups. Collagen α1/α2 bands in Sed-M, Ex-C, and Ex-M were higher than in Sed-C, as shown by hydroxyproline content, but collagen β-chain appeared only in Ex-C. Noticeable bands of non-collagenous proteins were found in Sed-M and Ex-M. The number of fibrils in the area probe increased markedly in Sed-M and Ex-C (12-fold), but their diameter and area were unchanged compared with Sed-C. In Ex-M, the fibril number decreased by three–fold to 3.5-fold compared with Sed-M and Ex-C, whereas diameter and area increased. Sed-C tenocytes appeared quiescent, whereas those in the other groups seemed to be engaged in protein synthesis. The density of tenocytes was smaller in Sed-C than in Ex-C, Sed-M, and Ex-M. Thus, mechanical stimuli and mesterolone alter the morphology of tenocytes and the composition of the tendon, probably through fibrillogenesis and/or increased intermolecular cross-links. The ergogenic effect is evidenced by the activation of collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis and the increase in the diameter and area of collagen fibrils. This study might be relevant to clinical sports medicine. 相似文献