全文获取类型
收费全文 | 201篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 3篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有218条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Two methods for preparing embryos for autoradiographic study of newly synthesized nucleic acids are described and compared. The first method consists of rapidly fixing radiolabeled embryos with acetic acid:methanol, spreading them on glass slides and exposing them for 8 days with a photographic emulsion. The second method consists of fixing, embedding in resin, and sectioning the embryos before their exposure with the emulsion for 3 weeks. Both techniques have many applications in studies of early embryonic activity, but the spread technique is very sensitive, simpler, and faster. 相似文献
32.
Neutral processes and species sorting in benthic microalgal community assembly: effects of tidal resuspension
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of phycology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Benthic microalgae (BMA) provide vital food resources for heterotrophs and stabilize sediments with their extracellular secretions. A central goal in ecology is to understand how processes such as species interactions and dispersal, contribute to observed patterns of species abundance and distribution. Our objectives were to assess the effects of sediment resuspension on microalgal community structure. We tested whether taxa‐abundance distributions could be predicted using neutral community models (NCMs) and also specific hypotheses about passive migration: (i) As migration decreases in sediment patches, BMA α‐diversity will decrease, and (ii) As migration decreases, BMA community dissimilarity (β‐diversity) will increase. Co‐occurrence indices (checkerboard score and variance ratio) were also computed to test for deterministic factors, such as competition and niche differentiation, in shaping communities. Two intertidal sites (mudflat and sand bar) differing in resuspension regime were sampled throughout the tidal cycle. Fluorometry and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were utilized to investigate diatom community structure. Observed taxa‐abundances fit those predicted from NCMs reasonably well (R2 of 0.68–0.93), although comparisons of observed local communities to artificial randomly assembled communities rejected the null hypothesis that diatom communities were assembled solely by stochastic processes. No co‐occurrence tests indicated a significant role for competitive exclusion or niche partitioning in microalgal community assembly. In general, predictions about relationships between migration and species diversity were supported for local community dynamics. BMA at low tide (lowest migration) exhibited reduced α‐diversity as compared to periods of immersion at both mudflat and sand bar sites. β‐diversity was higher during low tide emersion on the mudflat, but did not differ temporally at the sand bar site. In between‐site metacommunity comparisons, low‐ and high‐resuspension sites exhibited distinct community compositions while the low‐energy mudflats contained higher microalgal biomass and greater α‐diversity. To our knowledge this is the first study to test the relevance of neutral processes in structuring marine microalgal communities. Our results demonstrate a prominent role for stochastic factors in structuring local BMA community assembly, although unidentified nonrandom processes also appear to play some role. High passive migration, in particular, appears to help maintain species diversity and structure communities in both sand and muddy habitats. 相似文献
33.
34.
Antonio Muruato Michelle N. Vu Bryan A. Johnson Meredith E. Davis-Gardner Abigail Vanderheiden Kumari Lokugamage Craig Schindewolf Patricia A. Crocquet-Valdes Rose M. Langsjoen Jessica A. Plante Kenneth S. Plante Scott C. Weaver Kari Debbink Andrew L. Routh David Walker Mehul S. Suthar Pei-Yong Shi Xuping Xie Vineet D. Menachery 《PLoS biology》2021,19(11)
The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic causing significant damage to public health and the economy. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been hampered by the lack of robust mouse models. To overcome this barrier, we used a reverse genetic system to generate a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2. Incorporating key mutations found in SARS-CoV-2 variants, this model recapitulates critical elements of human infection including viral replication in the lung, immune cell infiltration, and significant in vivo disease. Importantly, mouse adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 does not impair replication in human airway cells and maintains antigenicity similar to human SARS-CoV-2 strains. Coupled with the incorporation of mutations found in variants of concern, CMA3p20 offers several advantages over other mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strains. Using this model, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2–infected mice are protected from lethal challenge with the original Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), suggesting immunity from heterologous Coronavirus (CoV) strains. Together, the results highlight the use of this mouse model for further study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease.Studying cross-protection from different coronaviruses is important to inform the research for a universal vaccine. This study uses a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain to show that it confers protection from SARS-CoV challenge, suggesting possible immunity from heterologous challenge following natural infection. 相似文献
35.
36.
Root distribution of different mature tree species growing on contrasting textured soils in temperate windbreaks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aim
We studied the vertical and lateral root distribution of tree species from three genera (Populus spp. - poplar, Picea spp. - spruce, Salix spp. - willow) that were planted in temperate windbreaks and assessed the effects of soil texture on root density.Methods
Root distribution to depths of up to 1 m was assessed using the trench-profile method at different distances from the tree rows (2, 6 and 9 m) in 18 mature (average age, 25 years-old) windbreak-sites that were located on light- or heavy-textured agricultural soils in southeastern Québec, Canada. Roots were classified into three diameter classes: fine (<1 mm), medium-size (1–5 mm), and coarse (>5 mm).Results
Tree fine-root density in poplar and willow windbreaks was higher than in spruce windbreaks at 2 m from the tree row. Root densities were higher in light compared to heavy soils, but these differences were specific to poplar and spruce. Across species groups and soil types, 67 % of the roots occurred in the uppermost 30 cm. In this soil zone, different soil fertility variables (pH, clay content, CEC) were negatively correlated with root density. Densities of spruce and willow roots at 6 m from the tree row were much lower (and often unobserved) than that of poplar. At 9 m, low root densities were observed at only two sites.Conclusions
We conclude that tree identity and soil type are important drivers of root distribution in temperate agroforestry systems. These results may have important implications for the management of tree competition in agroforestry systems and several ecosystem services that are provided by roots, including C-sequestration, erosion control and water infiltration. 相似文献37.
Robert?AllardEmail author Céline?Plante Céline?Garnier Tom?Kosatsky 《International journal of biometeorology》2011,55(3):353-360
Previous studies have detected an effect of earlier temperatures on the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans, but without
adjustment for earlier numbers of cases of the disease. We estimated the effect of temperature on the number of cases notified
by week in Montreal, Canada, from 1 January 1990 to 26 March 2006, simultaneously with the effect of the numbers of cases
notified in the preceding weeks. The current campylobacteriosis count (week 0) was modelled by negative binomial regression,
with earlier weekly average temperatures and earlier counts as predictors. Secular trends were accounted for by cubic spline
functions and seasonal variations by sine-cosine functions. Indicator variables identified weeks with fewer than 5 working
days. In the final statistical model, a 1°C increase in temperature above 10°C during any of weeks −1 to −6 was associated
with a 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3% to 1.3%) increase in the current count. For each additional notified case during any of weeks −1
to −5 or −9 to −12, the increase in the current count was approximately 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2% to 1.0%). Thus, earlier temperatures
and earlier counts have independent effects, that of temperatures being the larger one. The temperature effect is too small
to require short term public health planning. However, in Montreal, an increase in average temperature of the order of 4.5°C,
forecast by some for 2055, could produce a 23% increase in incidence, resulting in about 4,000 excess cases per year. 相似文献
38.
Jessica A. Smith Pier-Luc Tremblay Pravin Malla Shrestha Oona L. Snoeyenbos-West Ashley E. Franks Kelly P. Nevin Derek R. Lovley 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2014,80(14):4331-4340
Previous studies have suggested that the conductive pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens are essential for extracellular electron transfer to Fe(III) oxides and for optimal long-range electron transport through current-producing biofilms. The KN400 strain of G. sulfurreducens reduces poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide more rapidly than the more extensively studied DL-1 strain. Deletion of the gene encoding PilA, the structural pilin protein, in strain KN400 inhibited Fe(III) oxide reduction. However, low rates of Fe(III) reduction were detected after extended incubation (>30 days) in the presence of Fe(III) oxide. After seven consecutive transfers, the PilA-deficient strain adapted to reduce Fe(III) oxide as fast as the wild type. Microarray, whole-genome resequencing, proteomic, and gene deletion studies indicated that this adaptation was associated with the production of larger amounts of the c-type cytochrome PgcA, which was released into the culture medium. It is proposed that the extracellular cytochrome acts as an electron shuttle, promoting electron transfer from the outer cell surface to Fe(III) oxides. The adapted PilA-deficient strain competed well with the wild-type strain when both were grown together on Fe(III) oxide. However, when 50% of the culture medium was replaced with fresh medium every 3 days, the wild-type strain outcompeted the adapted strain. A possible explanation for this is that the necessity to produce additional PgcA, to replace the PgcA being continually removed, put the adapted strain at a competitive disadvantage, similar to the apparent selection against electron shuttle-producing Fe(III) reducers in many anaerobic soils and sediments. Despite increased extracellular cytochrome production, the adapted PilA-deficient strain produced low levels of current, consistent with the concept that long-range electron transport through G. sulfurreducens biofilms is more effective via pili. 相似文献
39.
Sabrina Plante Emilie Champagne Pascale Ropars Stéphane Boudreau Esther Lévesque Benoît Tremblay Jean-Pierre Tremblay 《Polar Biology》2014,37(5):611-619
Recent climate changes have increased the primary productivity of many Arctic and subarctic regions. Erected shrub has been shown to increase in abundance over the last decades in northern regions in response to warmer climate. At the same time, caribou herds are declining throughout the circumboreal regions. Based on observation of heavy browsing on shrubs at Deception Bay (Nunavik, Canada), we hypothesized that the densification of shrubs observed in nearby locations did not occur at our study site despite of observed warming because of a recent peak of the Rivière-aux-Feuilles caribou herd. To assess shrub cover changes, we compared a 1972 mosaic of aerial photos to a 2010 satellite image over a 5 km2 area, divided into 56 grids of 100 30 m × 30 m cells. Most cells (n = 4,502) did not show any changes in the cover of shrubs but those who did were as likely to increase as to decrease. The relative cover of shrubs in cells who changed was not higher in 2010 (6.1 ± 0.2 %) than in 1972 (7.3 ± 0.4 %). More than 70 % of birch and willow had more than 50 % of their shoot browsed, suggesting that caribou may limit shrub expansion at this site. We cannot rule out that abiotic factors also contribute to the inertia in shrub cover. Increases in shrub abundance reported in Nunavik and elsewhere were located closer to the tree line or in discontinuous permafrost, whereas our site is characterized by herbaceous arctic tundra, continuous permafrost and relatively low annual precipitation. 相似文献
40.
José Pe?a Jessica A. Plante Alda Celena Carillo Kimberly K. Roberts Jennifer K. Smith Terry L. Juelich David W. C. Beasley Alexander N. Freiberg Montiago X. Labute Pejman Naraghi-Arani 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2014,8(10)