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111.
Birch Quinn T. Potter Phillip M. Pinto Patricio X. Dionysiou Dionysios D. Al-Abed Souhail R. 《Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology》2020,19(2):275-336
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology - The growing and pervasive presence of plastic pollution has attracted considerable interest in recent years, especially small... 相似文献
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Robert Mason Helen C. Dearden Bella Nguyen Jennifer A. Soon Jessica Louise Smith Manreet Randhawa Andrew Mant Lydai Warburton Serigne Lo Tarek Meniawy Alexander Guminski Phillip Parente Sayed Ali Andrew Haydon Georgina V. Long Matteo S. Carlino Michael Millward Victoria G. Atkinson Alexander M. Menzies 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2020,33(2):358-365
The combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab is a highly active systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma but can cause significant toxicity. We explore the safety and efficacy of this treatment in routine clinical practice, particularly in the setting of serine/threonine‐protein kinase B‐Raf (BRAF)‐targeted therapy. Consecutive patients with unresectable stage IIIC/IV melanoma commenced on ipilimumab and nivolumab across 10 tertiary melanoma institutions in Australia were identified retrospectively. Data collected included demographics, response and survival outcomes. A total of 152 patients were included for analysis, 39% were treatment‐naïve and 22% failed first‐line BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 67% of patients, grade 3–5 in 38%. The overall objective response rate was 41%, 57% in treatment‐naïve and 21% in BRAF/MEK failure patients. Median progression‐free survival was 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.0–6.0) in the whole cohort, 11.0 months (95% CI, 6.0‐NR) in treatment‐naïve and 2.0 months (95% CI, 1.4–4.6) in BRAF/MEK failure patients. The combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab can be used safely and effectively in a real‐world population. While first‐line efficacy appears comparable to trial populations, BRAF‐mutant patients failing prior BRAF/MEK inhibitors show less response. 相似文献
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Peter R. Thompson William F. Fagan Phillip P. A. Staniczenko 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(7):3293-3304
Designing an effective conservation strategy requires understanding where rare species are located. Because rare species can be difficult to find, ecologists often identify other species called conservation surrogates that can help inform the distribution of rare species. Species distribution models typically rely on environmental data when predicting the occurrence of species, neglecting the effect of species' co‐occurrences and biotic interactions. Here, we present a new approach that uses Bayesian networks to improve predictions by modeling environmental co‐responses among species. For species from a European peat bog community, our approach consistently performs better than single‐species models and better than conventional multi‐species approaches that include the presence of nontarget species as additional independent variables in regression models. Our approach performs particularly well with rare species and when calibration data are limited. Furthermore, we identify a group of “predictor species” that are relatively common, insensitive to the presence of other species, and can be used to improve occurrence predictions of rare species. Predictor species are distinct from other categories of conservation surrogates such as umbrella or indicator species, which motivates focused data collection of predictor species to enhance conservation practices. 相似文献
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Pavel Pipek Tim M. Blackburn Steven Delean Phillip Cassey aan H. ekerciolu Petr Pyek 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(9):3944-3953
Invasive alien species are a major threat to biodiversity and human activities, providing a strong incentive to understand the processes by which alien invasion occurs. While it is important to understand the determinants of success at each of several invasion stages—transport, introduction, establishment, and spread—few studies have explored the first of these stages. Here, we quantify and analyze variation in the success of individual animals in surviving the transport stage, based on shipping records of European passerines destined for New Zealand. We mined the original documents of Acclimatisation Societies, established in New Zealand for the purpose of introducing supposedly beneficial alien species, in combination with recently digitized newspaper archives, to produce a unique dataset of 122 ships that carried passerines from Europe to New Zealand between 1850 and 1885. For 37 of these shipments, data on the survival of individual species were available. Using generalized linear mixed models, we explored how survival was related to characteristics of the shipments and the species. We show that species differed greatly in their survival, but none of the tested traits accounted for these differences. Yet, survival increased over time, which mirrors the switch from early haphazard shipments to larger organized shipments. Our results imply that it was the quality of care received by the birds that most affected success at this stage of the invasion process. 相似文献
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David N. Powers Nicholas Trunfio Sai R. Velugula-Yellela Phillip Angart Anneliese Faustino Cyrus Agarabi 《Biotechnology progress》2020,36(1):e2903
Use of multivariate data analysis for the manufacturing of biologics has been increasing due to more widespread use of data-generating process analytical technologies (PAT) promoted by the US FDA. To generate a large dataset on which to apply these principles, we used an in-house model CHO DG44 cell line cultured in automated micro bioreactors alongside PAT with four commercial growth media focusing on antibody quality through N-glycosylation profiles. Using univariate analyses, we determined that different media resulted in diverse amounts of terminal galactosylation, high mannose glycoforms, and aglycosylation. Due to the amount of in-process data generated by PAT instrumentation, multivariate data analysis was necessary to ascertain which variables best modeled our glycan profile findings. Our principal component analysis revealed components that represent the development of glycoforms into terminally galacotosylated forms (G1F and G2F), and another that encompasses maturation out of high mannose glycoforms. The partial least squares model additionally incorporated metabolic values to link these processes to glycan outcomes, especially involving the consumption of glutamine. Overall, these approaches indicated a tradeoff between cellular productivity and product quality in terms of the glycosylation. This work illustrates the use of multivariate analytical approaches that can be applied to complex bioprocessing problems for identifying potential solutions. 相似文献
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Mechanism and Kinetics of Copper Complexes Binding to the Influenza A M2 S31N and S31N/G34E Channels
Kelly L. McGuire Phillip Smit Daniel H. Ess Jonathan T. Hill Roger G. Harrison David D. Busath 《Biophysical journal》2021,120(1):168-177
Copper(II) is known to bind in the influenza virus His37 cluster in the homotetrameric M2 proton channel and block the proton current needed for uncoating. Copper complexes based on iminodiacetate also block the M2 proton channel and show reduced cytotoxicity and zebrafish-embryo toxicity. In voltage-clamp oocyte studies using the ubiquitous amantadine-insensitive M2 S31N variant, the current block showed fast and slow phases, in contrast to the single phase found for amantadine block of wild-type M2. Here, we evaluate the mechanism of block by copper adamantyl iminodiacitate and copper cyclooctyl iminodiacitate complexes and address whether the complexes can coordinate with one or more of the His37 imidazoles. The current traces were fitted to parametrized master equations. The energetics of binding and the rate constants suggest that the first step is copper complex binding within the channel, and the slow step in the current block is the formation of a Cu-histidine coordination complex. Solution-phase isothermal titration calorimetry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that imidazole binds to the copper complexes. Structural optimization using DFT reveals that the complexes fit inside the channel and project the Cu(II) toward the His37 cluster, allowing one imidazole to form a coordination complex with Cu(II). Electrophysiology and DFT studies also show that the complexes block the G34E amantadine-resistant mutant despite some crowding in the binding site by the glutamates. 相似文献
120.
Phillip Dettleff Rodrigo Zuloaga Marcia Fuentes Juan M. Estrada Alfredo Molina Juan A. Valdés 《Journal of fish biology》2021,98(5):1475-1480
Red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species with potential for Chilean aquaculture diversification. However, no information exists on the effects of temperature on oxidative stress and eggs quality markers in post-ovulatory eggs and ovary of this species. We determine that high and low temperature generate oxidative damage on post-ovulatory eggs, with no effect on ovary. Temperature induces thermal stress markers expression on post-ovulatory eggs, and modulates antioxidant and eggs quality markers on post-ovulatory eggs and ovary, information to consider for quality evaluation in the red cusk-eel management. 相似文献