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181.
Salom Fabri‐Ruiz Bruno Danis Nicolas Navarro Philippe Koubbi Rmi Laffont Thomas Saucde 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(4):2161-2180
The Southern Ocean (SO) is among the regions on Earth that are undergoing regionally the fastest environmental changes. The unique ecological features of its marine life make it particularly vulnerable to the multiple effects of climate change. A network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) has started to be implemented in the SO to protect marine ecosystems. However, considering future predictions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the relevance of current, static, MPAs may be questioned under future scenarios. In this context, the ecoregionalization approach can prove promising in identifying well‐delimited regions of common species composition and environmental settings. These so‐called ecoregions are expected to show similar biotic responses to environmental changes and can be used to define priority areas for the designation of new MPAs and the update of their current delimitation. In the present work, a benthic ecoregionalization of the entire SO is proposed for the first time based on abiotic environmental parameters and the distribution of echinoid fauna, a diversified and common member of Antarctic benthic ecosystems. A novel two‐step approach was developed combining species distribution modeling with Random Forest and Gaussian Mixture modeling from species probabilities to define current ecoregions and predict future ecoregions under IPCC scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The ecological representativity of current and proposed MPAs of the SO is discussed with regard to the modeled benthic ecoregions. In all, 12 benthic ecoregions were determined under present conditions, they are representative of major biogeographic patterns already described. Our results show that the most dramatic changes can be expected along the Antarctic Peninsula, in East Antarctica and the sub‐Antarctic islands under both IPCC scenarios. Our results advocate for a dynamic definition of MPAs, they also argue for improving the representativity of Antarctic ecoregions in proposed MPAs and support current proposals of Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources for the creation of Antarctic MPAs. 相似文献
182.
Jacob A. Toth George M. Stack Ali R. Cala Craig H. Carlson Rebecca L. Wilk Jamie L. Crawford Donald R. Viands Glenn Philippe Christine D. Smart Jocelyn K. C. Rose Lawrence B. Smart 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2020,12(3):213-222
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an emerging dioecious crop grown primarily for grain, fiber, and cannabinoids. There is good evidence for medicinal benefits of the most abundant cannabinoid in hemp, cannabidiol (CBD). For CBD production, female plants producing CBD but not tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are desired. We developed and validated high‐throughput PACE (PCR Allele Competitive Extension) assays for C. sativa plant sex and cannabinoid chemotype. The sex assay was validated across a wide range of germplasm and resolved male plants from female and monoecious plants. The cannabinoid chemotype assay revealed segregation in hemp populations, and resolved plants producing predominantly THC, predominantly CBD, and roughly equal amounts of THC and CBD. Cultivar populations that were thought to be stabilized for CBD production were found to be segregating phenotypically and genotypically. Many plants predominantly producing CBD accumulated more than the current US legal limit of 0.3% THC by dry weight. These assays and data provide potentially useful tools for breeding and early selection of hemp. 相似文献
183.
Systematic Parasitology - The proteocephalid genus Pseudoendorchis (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) has recently been proposed to accommodate seven species/species-level lineages of tapeworm... 相似文献
184.
Hunter Elena Percival Benita Ahmad Zeeshan Chang Ming-Wei Hunt John A. Tasker Séverine De Risio Luisa Wilson Philippe B. 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2021,476(11):4133-4137
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a renal dysfunction that can lead to high rates of mortality and morbidity, particularly when coupled with late diagnosis. CKD... 相似文献
185.
186.
Schrijvers Dieuwertje L. Loubet Philippe Sonnemann Guido 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2021,26(6):1223-1235
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - How to apply allocation in an life cycle assessment (LCA) is a long-running and controversial debate. Consensus seems to exist on the fact that... 相似文献
187.
188.
Chunmei Li Eliane Beauregard-Lacroix Christine Kondratev Justine Rousseau Ah Jung Heo Katherine Neas Brett H. Graham Jill A. Rosenfeld Carlos A. Bacino Matias Wagner Maren Wenzel Fuad Al Mutairi Hamad Al Deiab Joseph G. Gleeson Valentina Stanley Maha S. Zaki Yong Tae Kwon Michel R. Leroux Philippe M. Campeau 《American journal of human genetics》2021,108(1):134-147
189.
Carl D. Mitchell Vernon C. Bleich R. Terry Bowyer James R. Heffelfinger Kelley M. Stewart Paula A. White 《The Journal of wildlife management》2021,85(3):418-422
Reported effects of trophy harvest often are controversial. The subject is nuanced and many studies lack details necessary to place their results in context. Consequently, many studies are misunderstood or their conclusions misapplied. We propose that all dialogues about trophy hunting include a definition of how they use the term trophy, details of variables measured and why they were selected, and explanations of temporal and spatial scales employed. Only with these details can potential effects of trophy hunting be understood in context and used for management and policy decisions. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. 相似文献
190.
Christoph Engelhardt Valérie Malfroy Camine David Ingram Philippe Müllhaupt Alain Farron Dominique Pioletti 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2013,16(12):1272-1279
The estimation of muscle forces in musculoskeletal shoulder models is still controversial. Two different methods are widely used to solve the indeterminacy of the system: electromyography (EMG)-based methods and stress-based methods. The goal of this work was to evaluate the influence of these two methods on the prediction of muscle forces, glenohumeral load and joint stability after total shoulder arthroplasty. An EMG-based and a stress-based method were implemented into the same musculoskeletal shoulder model. The model replicated the glenohumeral joint after total shoulder arthroplasty. It contained the scapula, the humerus, the joint prosthesis, the rotator cuff muscles supraspinatus, subscapularis and infraspinatus and the middle, anterior and posterior deltoid muscles. A movement of abduction was simulated in the plane of the scapula. The EMG-based method replicated muscular activity of experimentally measured EMG. The stress-based method minimised a cost function based on muscle stresses. We compared muscle forces, joint reaction force, articular contact pressure and translation of the humeral head. The stress-based method predicted a lower force of the rotator cuff muscles. This was partly counter-balanced by a higher force of the middle part of the deltoid muscle. As a consequence, the stress-based method predicted a lower joint load (16% reduced) and a higher superior–inferior translation of the humeral head (increased by 1.2 mm). The EMG-based method has the advantage of replicating the observed cocontraction of stabilising muscles of the rotator cuff. This method is, however, limited to available EMG measurements. The stress-based method has thus an advantage of flexibility, but may overestimate glenohumeral subluxation. 相似文献