全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1285550篇 |
免费 | 115230篇 |
国内免费 | 1465篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 17848篇 |
2020年 | 12616篇 |
2019年 | 16196篇 |
2018年 | 17139篇 |
2017年 | 15912篇 |
2016年 | 27713篇 |
2015年 | 42280篇 |
2014年 | 50335篇 |
2013年 | 76606篇 |
2012年 | 34896篇 |
2011年 | 22522篇 |
2010年 | 42626篇 |
2009年 | 44265篇 |
2008年 | 21747篇 |
2007年 | 19396篇 |
2006年 | 25353篇 |
2005年 | 26433篇 |
2004年 | 25671篇 |
2003年 | 23450篇 |
2002年 | 21447篇 |
2001年 | 28502篇 |
2000年 | 25679篇 |
1999年 | 27244篇 |
1998年 | 24892篇 |
1997年 | 24710篇 |
1996年 | 24471篇 |
1995年 | 22516篇 |
1994年 | 22385篇 |
1993年 | 21479篇 |
1992年 | 24425篇 |
1991年 | 22845篇 |
1990年 | 21464篇 |
1989年 | 22513篇 |
1988年 | 20709篇 |
1987年 | 19908篇 |
1986年 | 18897篇 |
1985年 | 20902篇 |
1984年 | 21196篇 |
1983年 | 18904篇 |
1982年 | 19964篇 |
1981年 | 19325篇 |
1980年 | 18003篇 |
1979年 | 17732篇 |
1978年 | 16941篇 |
1977年 | 16318篇 |
1976年 | 15690篇 |
1975年 | 14991篇 |
1974年 | 15542篇 |
1973年 | 15817篇 |
1972年 | 13455篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
881.
Interacting role of thyroxine and growth hormone in the hepatic synthesis of alpha 2u-globulin and its messenger RNA 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Hypophysectomy completely abolishes and thyroidectomy results in a 90% reduction in the hepatic content of alpha 2u-globulin and its mRNA in the male rat. Thyroid hormone is also known to be required for the synthesis and secretion of pituitary growth hormone. In the hypothyroid rat either thyroxine or growth hormone was found to increase the activity and number of sequences of the mRNA for alpha 2u-globulin (measured by translational assay and hybridizational analysis with a cloned cDNA probe) to the euthyroid level. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with a hormone combination containing growth hormone but not thyroxine increased the hepatic level of the mRNA for alpha 2u-globulin to that of normal animals. From these results we conclude that thyroxine indirectly influences the hepatic concentration of the mRNA for alpha 2u-globulin through its effect on pituitary growth hormone. Although administration of growth hormone to hypothyroid animals raised the hepatic concentration of alpha 2u-globulin mRNA to the euthyroid level, synthesis of alpha 2u-globulin remained low (50% of the normal). Complete recovery of alpha 2u-globulin synthesis required thyroxine. Therefore, in addition to an indirect effect on the hepatic level of alpha 2u-globulin mRNA, thyroxine also directly influences the synthesis of this protein. This direct effect of thyroxine on alpha 2u-globulin synthesis seems to be exerted at a step distal to the formation of mature mRNA. 相似文献
882.
Abstract: The phosphorylcholine concentration of rat brain rises and falls in response to parallel changes in the concentration of circulating choline. A single oral dose of choline chloride (20 mmol/kg) elevated whole-brain concentrations of both choline and phosphorylcholine 5 h after administration; a greater proportion of exogenously administered choline was retained by the brain in its phosphorylated form than as the free arnine. Striatal phosphorylcholine concentrations were elevated within 2 h of choline administration and continued to be significantly greater than control values for up to 34 h after treatment. The response of striatal choline levels to exogenous choline was of shorter duration than that of phosphorylcholine and was correlated with a significant increase in striatal acetylcholine concentrations. The consumption of a choline-free diet for 7 days lowered both serum choline and striatal phosphorylcholine concentrations, but had no effect on striatal choline or acetylcholine. These results suggest that choline kinase is unsaturated by its substrate in vivo and may thus serve to modulate the response of brain choline concentrations to alterations in the supply of circulating choline. 相似文献
883.
A mathematical model of prothrombin activation is being proposed which includes the feedback mechanism of thrombin and the
alteration of factor V by thrombin. This model is in good agreement with experimental data for the dependence of the rate
of thrombin formation on the concentrations of factors V and X
a
. In particular, it correctly predicts the existence and location of a maximum in both of these cases. 相似文献
884.
The roles of specific and nonspecific interactions in the regulation of protein kinase C by lipid have been examined. Binding and activity measurements reveal two mechanisms by which protein kinase C interacts with membranes: (1) a specific binding to the activating lipid phosphatidylserine and (2) a nonspecific binding to nonactivating, acidic lipids. The specific interaction with phosphatidylserine is relatively insensitive to ionic strength, surface charge, and the presence of nonactivating lipids. The two second messengers of the kinase, diacylglycerol and Ca2+, increase markedly the affinity of the kinase for phosphatidylserine. In contrast, the nonspecific interaction is sensitive to ionic strength and surface charge, and is unaffected by diacylglycerol. These results suggest that electrostatic interactions promote the binding of protein kinase C to membranes but the cooperative and selective binding of phosphatidylserine is the dominant driving force in a productive protein-lipid interaction. 相似文献
885.
Kinetic mechanism of histidinol dehydrogenase: histidinol binding and exchange reactions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Salmonella typhimurium histidinol dehydrogenase produces histidine from the amino alcohol histidinol by two sequential NAD-linked oxidations which form and oxidize a stable enzyme-bound histidinaldehyde intermediate. The enzyme was found to catalyze the exchange of 3H between histidinol and [4(R)-3H]NADH and between NAD and [4(S)-3H]NADH. The latter reaction proceeded at rates greater than kcat for the net reaction and was about 3-fold faster than the former. Histidine did not support an NAD/NADH exchange, demonstrating kinetic irreversibility in the second half-reaction. Specific activity measurements on [3H]histidinol produced during the histidinol/NADH exchange reaction showed that only a single hydrogen was exchanged between the two reactants, demonstrating that under the conditions employed this exchange reaction arises only from the reversal of the alcohol dehydrogenase step and not the aldehyde dehydrogenase reaction. The kinetics of the NAD/NADH exchange reaction demonstrated a hyperbolic dependence on the concentration of NAD and NADH when the two were present in a 1:2 molar ratio. The histidinol/NADH exchange showed severe inhibition by high NAD and NADH under the same conditions, indicating that histidinol cannot dissociate directly from the ternary enzyme-NAD-histidinol complex; in other words, the binding of substrate is ordered with histidinol leading. Binding studies indicated that [3H]histidinol bound to 1.7 sites on the dimeric enzyme (0.85 site/monomer) with a KD of 10 microM. No binding of [3H]NAD or [3H]NADH was detected. The nucleotides could, however, displace histidinol dehydrogenase from Cibacron Blue-agarose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
886.
Studies of tidal flows in salt-marsh creeks in Essex, England, show large variations in water velocity during different tidal cycles, particularly between tides below, at, and above marsh level. Water level, velocity and suspended sediment concentration have been monitored at 5-min intervals during 700 tidal cycles during the year March 1982–March 1983, and the data are being used to calculate sediment budgets for the creek system studied. Completed analyses for two of the tidal cycles show a large positive sediment flux. Because of the importance of velocity in controlling total discharge through a creek cross-section, and hence its effect on total sediment movement, we cannot extrapolate from these two below-marsh tides to any general conclusions about marsh erosion or accretion. We use these preliminary data both to demonstrate our methods and to indicate some of the complexities involved in the analysis.Acknowledgements: This work has been supported by the Natural Environment Research Council. We thank the Philip Lake Fund for financial assistance and the Department of Geography, Cambridge University, for much material support. Mr D. J. Fisher kindly gave access to his land, and Mr W. Bailey helped us greatly. We also thank Mr A. St Joseph for his help, Mr M. Diver for practical support, and Dr J. S. Pethick for discussion. 相似文献
887.
888.
Despite considerable progress in recent years in the promotion of flowering in conifers, relatively little is known about the endogenous control of sex expression or its practical manipulation to aid pollen and crop management in seed orchards. Well defined patterns of sexual zonation exist within the tree crown and shoot, and these appear to be associated with hormonal and possibly nutritional gradients. No firm conclusions, however, are possible regarding the specific role(s) of different PGRs in sex expression, this being as much as a problem of lack of critical study as the complexity of the process itself. Whether a PGR such as gibberellins or auxins, or a cultural treatment that itself may influence endogenous hormone levels, primarily promotes female or male flowering often depends on the position within the crown of the shoot being treated, and its timing in relation to stage of primordia development. Photoperiod also may be involved- short days favoring females and long days males, at least in some species- although its role in controlling sex expression is by no means clear. Practical manipulation of sex expression may be possible through selective crown pruning, different PGR combinations, treatment timing and/or photoperiod control, but the development of such techniques for operational use will require a better basic understanding of the endogenous regulatory mechanisms involved. 相似文献
889.
Downregulation of vasopressin receptors in toad bladder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
890.
Summary Recombination of an inherited pericentric inversion of chromosome 20 has given rise to a child with partial trisomy 20p. To our knowledge no previous familial inversions of this chromosome have been described in the literature. 相似文献