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101.
The livers of rats exposed to pure oxygen were examined electron microscopically to study toxic effects of oxygen in a metabolically sensitive organ. Pressures of 1/3 (258 mm Hg), 1 (760 mm Hg), and 3 (2280 mm Hg) atmospheres were used, with exposures up to 90 days with the lowest pressures. The first changes in the hepatocytes were loss of glycogen and enlargement of mitochondria with development of mitochondria with bizarre shapes which were seen after 3 days at 258 mm, 1 day at 760 mm, and 3 hours at 2280 mm. These changes were followed by formation of increased numbers of cristae, membranes surrounding mitochondria, autophagic vacuoles, and polyribosome clusters. After 2 weeks at 258 mm, which is the pressure of the atmosphere of space cabins, numerous mitochondrial myelin figures appeared but the mitochondrial enlargement had begun to regress. After 90 days at 258 mm, the liver cells appeared almost normal except that many pigment granules had accumulated in the pericanalicular zones. The changes were non-specific and seemed to parallel biochemical alterations recorded elsewhere. They are not considered the result of toxicity but rather of adaptation. These atmospheres, which are used in clinical medicine and in space travel, appear to have no permanent deleterious effects on the liver in rats under the conditions of this experiment. 相似文献
102.
Biochemical Studies on Amphibian Metamorphosis : I. The effect of thyroxine on protein synthesis in the tadpole 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Thyroxine has been shown to accelerate the synthesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase in the liver of Rana catesbeiana. Stimulation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase synthesis by thyroxine appears to be relatively specific because of the following observations: (1) succinoxidase activity decreased during the time that carbamyl phosphate synthetase increased; (2) liver catalase responded more slowly than carbamyl phosphate synthetase to thyroxine; (3) the ratio of biochemical changes/morphological changes was greatly altered during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. The relationships between the concentration of thyroxine and (1) temperature; (2) duration of exposure of the tadpole to thyroxine; and (3) the activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase during the induced synthesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase by thyroxine are discussed. Chloramphenicol and thiouracil partly counteracted the effect of thyroxine on the synthesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase. 相似文献
103.
Philip N. Sawyer Joel Levine Roger Mazlen Ignatius Valmont 《The Journal of general physiology》1961,45(2):181-196
Experiments giving evidence of active Na and Cl ion fluxes across large canine blood vessel walls (aorta, vena cava) in vitro have been presented. The information has been obtained using ion tracer techniques after Ussing and with diffusion cells of the Hogben type. The available data suggest that the membranes are satisfactorily oxygenated by the bathing solutions saturated with oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Evidence is offered which indicates that active ion transport does occur across the aorta and vena cava in in vitro experiments. Under the conditions of the experiment net Na and Cl flux takes place from intima to adventitia across the aorta, and from adventitia to intima across the vena cava at low measured potential differences. The possible relationships of derangement of active ion transport mechanisms, produced by electric currents and tissue injury potential differences, to intravascular thrombosis are alluded to. It would appear that sodium and chloride fluxes across large blood vessel walls in vitro occur at least in part as the result of metabolic processes and cannot be explained simply on the basis of diffusion across a semipermeable membrane. 相似文献
104.
Philip Ross Ph.D. 《Economic botany》1959,13(1):30-40
Teak plantations have been established in Trinidad to provide first quality timber for the future. Thinnings from the teak plantations are being utilized by the “Brickfield Forest Industries” which produces fences, building and construction lumber, and creosoted posts and poles. 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
Philip S. Rudland Christine M. Hughes Sharon A. Ferns Michael J. Warburton 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1989,25(1):23-36
Summary Parenchymal organoidal structures that were obtained from collagenase digestion of reduction mammoplasty specimens of apparently
normal human breasts have been grown in short-term primary cultures, either on plastic or on floating gels of polymerized
rat-tail collagen. Three morphologically distinct major cell types are readily observed in both systems: cuboidal cells, which
occupy apical positions on collagen gels; larger, epithelioid, or basal cells on gels; and elongated cells which penetrate
into the gel. In addition, a fourth cell type, that of a large, flat cell, is observed less readily by phase contrast microscopy
on the surface of cultures grown on plastic. Immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical staining of cultures on plastic or histologic
sections of cultures on gels have been undertaken with antisera and other histochemical reagents that stain the different
parenchymal cell types in vivo. Thus antisera to epithelial membrane antigen(s), monoclonal antibodies (MABs) to the defatted
mammary milk fat globule membrane, peanut lectin, and keratin MAB LE61, which preferentially stain the epithelial cells of
ducts in vivo, also stain the cuboidal/apical cells in vitro. The large, flat cells are stained intensely by the first three
reagents but not by the last one. Antisera to collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, actin, keratin MAB LP34, MABs to the common
acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen, and MAB LICR-LON-23.10, which showed enhanced staining for the ductal myoepithelial
cells in vivo, also stain the epithelioid/elongated cells in vitro. However, the effect of the last four reagents is reduced
considerably in most elongated cells, and MAB LP34 stains the large, flat cells intensely. Heterogeneous cells of intermediate
morphologies and staining patterns between the cuboidal/flat cells and large epithelioid cells have also been identified.
The results suggest that the cuboidal cells and large, flat cells are related to mammary epithelial cells, whereas the large
epithelioid/elongated cells have some characteristics of myoepithelial cells, and that intermediate forms may exist in culture
between the two parenchymal cell types.
This work was supported in part by the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and the Cancer and Polio Research Fund. Dr. M.
J. Warburton is supported by the Cancer Research Campaign. 相似文献
108.
Jonathan E. Schwartz Philip Scuderi Cyndy Wiggins Alfred Rudolph Evan M. Hersh 《Biotherapy》1989,1(3):207-214
rTNF was administered to 28 patients with advanced metastatic cancers by continuous intra venous infusion for 5 consecutive days every 2 weeks. The dose levels were 30, 40, 70, 110, 180 and 290 µg/M2/day. Groups of 3 patients were started at each successive dose level and then on subsequent courses treated with the next dose level through 4 escalations as tolerated. Tumor types were: colon cancer 14; adenocarcinoma of unknown primary, 2; renal cancer, 2; leiomyosarcoma, 2; lung cancer, 1; prostate cancer, 1; thymona, 1; bladder cancer; 1; parotid, 1; Kaposi's sarcoma 2; ovarian 1. Toxicities included fever and chills (usually within the first 8 hours of infusion), fatigue, headache, decreased performance status, hypotension and CNS. All patients experienced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia within 24 hours or less after start of infusion with return of baseline by 72 hours after rTNF was stopped. The fall in these counts averaged 50% and was not dose related. No major changes in liver or renal function, coagulation or blood lipids were seen. Major dose limiting toxicities were fatigue, confusion, thrombocytopenia, seizures, hypotension and decreased performance status. NK cell activity measured against K562 target cells was augmented from about 30% target cell lysis to about 70% target cell lysis over the first 7 days of treatment. Two patients, both with metastatic colon cancer showed transient, objective tumor regression which did not qualify as a partial response. One patient with ovarian cancer had a stable partial response but progressed after 13 courses of treatment. Continuous infusion of TNF can be safely administered to patients with a maximum tolerated dose of only between 30 and 40 µg/M2/day. In addition, the MTD with continuous infusion seems to be highly variable and unpredictable from patient to patient. These data suggest that continuous infusion will not be an optimal way to administer TNF. 相似文献
109.
Philip W. Beesley Toni Paladino Irene Hill Claude Gravel Richard B. Hawkes James W. Gurd 《Journal of neurochemistry》1990,54(2):505-512
Glycoprotein gp50 is a neurone-specific, granule cell-enriched glycoprotein that is also a major component of isolated synaptic membranes. Here, we describe the use of a monoclonal antibody, mab SM gp50, to study the postnatal development of gp50 in the brain of normal and thyroid-deficient rats. Radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting show that gp50 is not detectable in brain until postnatal day 4 (P4) in both forebrain and cerebellum. In forebrain, the rate of increase of gp50 levels is maximal between P12 and P20. It is somewhat later in cerebellum, where peak levels are attained between P30 and P35. Immunocytochemical studies show little detectable gp50-like immunoreactivity before P16, and the staining is still weak, relative to adult tissue, at P25. The intense staining of the granule cell layer characteristic of adult cerebellum predominantly appears after P25. Development of gp50 is severely retarded in the cerebellum of thyroid-deficient rats, particularly during the second and third postnatal weeks. However, by the fourth postnatal week, gp50 levels in normal and hypothyroid animals are comparable. The results indicate that significant alterations in the pattern of gp50 expression continue to occur at a late stage of cerebellar development. In particular, the increase in immunocytochemical staining of the granule cells after P25 is striking in that by this time most major events associated with cerebellar development are essentially complete. 相似文献
110.
Subacute and Chronic In Vivo Lithium Treatment Inhibits Agonist- and Sodium Fluoride-Stimulated Inositol Phosphate Production in Rat Cortex 总被引:11,自引:9,他引:2
Philip P. Godfrey Steven J. McClue Alison M. White rew J. Wood David G. Grahame-Smith 《Journal of neurochemistry》1989,52(2):498-506
We have investigated the effects of in vivo lithium treatment on cerebral inositol phospholipid metabolism. Twice-daily treatment of rats with LiCl (3 mEq/kg) for 3 or 16 days resulted in a 25-40% reduction in agonist-stimulated inositol phosphate production, compared with NaCl-treated controls, in cortical slices prelabelled with [3H]inositol. A small effect was also seen with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 24 h after a single dose of LiCl (10 mEq/kg). Dose-response curves to carbachol and 5-HT showed that lithium treatment reduced the maximal agonist response without altering the EC50 value. This inhibition was not affected by the concentration of LiCl in the assay buffer. Stimulation of inositol phosphate formation by 10 mM NaF in membranes prepared from cortex of 3-day lithium-treated rats was also inhibited, by 35% compared with NaCl-treated controls. Lithium treatment did not alter the kinetic profile of inositol polyphosphate formation in cortical slices stimulated with carbachol. Muscarinic cholinergic and 5-HT2 bindings were unaltered by lithium, as was cortical phospholipase C activity and isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP formation. [3H]Inositol labelling of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate was significantly enhanced by 3-day lithium treatment. The results, therefore, indicate that subacute or chronic in vivo lithium treatment reduces agonist-stimulated inositol phospholipid metabolism in cerebral cortex; this persistent inhibition appears to be at the level of G-protein-phospholipase C coupling. 相似文献