Protein synthesis in the intestine of goldfish acclimatized to different temperatures

1. The incorporation of [¹⁴C]valine and [³H]threonine has been studied in mucosa of goldfish acclimatized to different temperatures. 2. [¹⁴C]Valine was incorporated more rapidly than [³H]threonine at acclimatization temperatures below 15°; this distinction disappeared at higher temperatures. 3. The rate of amino acid incorporation rose as the environmental temperature was increased. 4. The number of valine residues in mucosal protein fell and the number of methionine residues rose as the acclimatization temperature was raised. 5. The concentration of free methionine was closely related to the amount in protein in goldfish mucosa; both increased at higher acclimatization temperatures. 6. An attempt is made to show that these changes are integrated with possible homoeostatic mechanisms in the goldfish intestine.     

The site of synthesis of mitochondrial proteins in Krebs II ascites-tumour cells

At 22° in Earle's medium, Krebs cells synthesize proteins. After a brief `pulse' with [<sup>14</sup>C]valine followed by a `chase' of [¹²C]valine the radioactivity appears first in microsomes and is transferred after `chase' to the cell sap. Kinetics of labelling of the mitochondrial protein are different from that of either microsomal or cell-sap protein. When Krebs cells in buffer are mixed with ribonuclease in water the nuclease penetrates the cell membrane. The ribonuclease-treated cells are still viable but have lost most of their cytoplasmic ribosomes (electron micrograph). Such cells still synthesize mitochondrial protein at near normal rate but synthesis of microsomal protein is severely inhibited. The results indicate that some mitochondrial proteins are synthesized independently of the microsome–cell-sap system.     

固醇类激素对酶结构和机能的调节

固醇类激素调节生命过程的确切方式是目前许多工作者所探索的问题。除这类生物调节剂的重要生理功能外,它们还能剧烈地改变某些疾病过程的表现,由于这些事实,近年来有关这方面的研究是加强了。由于固醇类激素有如此广大的生理作用,似乎有理由提出,它们可能是广泛作用于酶功能的。事实上,固醇类激素可以通过调节酶存在的量,或者通过控制酶活性来影响某些酶系统的。在各实例中,总要提出:到底固醇类激素是如何影响酶系统而发生这些改变的这个根本性问题。激素在细胞水平的作用大概取决于多种生物学因素,例如(1)酶存在部位激素的供应情况(取     

臭味假单胞菌乙酰乙酰辅酶A硫解酶的提纯及性质研究

从臭味假单胞菌中提纯97倍的AcAcCoA硫解酶在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上是均一的一带。该酶分子量为170,000,每分子含有4个亚基,亚基分子量为42,000。该酶的等电点为pI6.7。它的N-末端为丙氨酸,N-末端是单一的。该酶催化反应的Km值为10.2μmol/L,最大反应速度为16.7μmol/min·mg。 臭味假单胞菌细胞粗提液透析后,经DEAE-纤维素(DE-52)柱色谱,从洗脱液中可同时得到四个酶的活力峰:乙酰乙酸琥珀酰辅酶A转移酶,AcAcCoA硫解酶,β-酮已二酸琥珀酰辅酶A转移酶和β-酮己二酸单酰辅酶A硫解酶。一般认为在细菌的芳径代谢中存在β-酮己二酸代谢途径,上述四个酶的活力峰同时存在说明除β-酮已二酸代谢途径外,还同时存在乙酰乙酸代谢途径。     

用乙烯作褪绿处理引起的柑桔蒂腐病及其防治

在美国佛罗里达州,由蒂腐色二孢菌(Diplodia natalensis)引起的蒂腐病是以乙烯作柑桔采后催熟处理时的主要病害之一。为了弄清发病原因,本试验做了各种乙烯浓度下果实腐烂率、真菌生长率的观察对比;对催熟前、后采用杀真菌剂处理的效果也做了比较。