艾滋病的临床实验诊断方法

<正> 一、艾滋病的流行病学 自从美国发现第一例艾滋病以来,人们认为,该病影响人体健康的因素与性关系混乱(男性同性恋或两性恋)有关。但是这种观点很快受到驳斥。大量的艾滋病患者的出现,证明了性关系混乱不是该病发生的根本原因。首先动摇这种观点的报导是在美国住过的海地人中发现了艾滋病,他们没有不正当的性关系。以后在海地的当地居民中也发     

苏芸金杆菌浓缩液的保存和不用二甲苯的防腐剂配方

在苏芸金杆菌浓缩商品制剂中,通常含有3—4％的二甲苯以防止芽孢的萌发。除此以外,二甲苯还能防止各种腐生微生物污染,尤其是肠杆菌和真菌。最近,一种用苏芸金杆菌血清型H3a3b制备的称为Futufa的超浓缩液已经问世,其中不含二甲苯,用于防治枞色卷蛾(属鳞     

保藏菌种的先进方法

目前保藏细菌的常用方法有:①根据不同菌种低温保藏,隔双周或隔月移种传代,②在很低的温度下。使微生物细胞快速冻结且保持完整,然后在真空下使水分升华达到干燥,即冻干保存。前种操作简     

鲎试验及细菌内毒素

<正> 革兰氏阴性杆菌对于美洲鲎血液凝固作用的研究,导致了细菌内毒素的鲎试验法的发展。目前,对于细菌内毒素的检测,鲎试验(LT)是最敏感的有效方法,并且和一些其它检测法相关。对于LT推广应用的实例作了叙述,包括放射性同位素,供水、药品、食品、医用器材以及各种体液诸如血液,脑脊髓液和尿中内毒素的检测。 结果和讨论 由于细菌内毒素是广泛存在的,并且在极低浓度下具有生物学活性,因而对于它的检测方法必须是敏感的和特异的。已经重复证明,LT是目前适于细菌内毒素的最敏感的检测方法。同样重要的是已经证实LT和细菌内毒素的其它生物检测法之间具有明显的     

利用丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶和β-酪氨酸酶偶联反应合成L-酪氨酸

本文研究了在5‘-磷酸吡哆醛和四氢叶酸存在条件下,通过丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶和β-酪氨酸酶偶联反应,由甘氨酸、甲醛和酚合成L-酪氨酸的反应条件。重组产气克雷伯氏菌菌株(Klebsiella aerogenes)和草生欧文氏菌(Erwinia her-hicola)(ATCC21434)分别为丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶和β-酪氨酸酶的来源。加入到反应器中的酚和甲醛的量根据反应的需求,应以这些化合物使酶失活降低到最小为准。高浓度的四氢叶酸用来与甲醛形成复合物。整个反应的最适pH为7.0左右,在这个pH范围内甘氨酸对β-酪氨酸酶的抑制作用最小。由于相同原因,有意思地维持甘氨酸的初始浓度在较低水平。反应混合物(500ml)含0.25M甘氨酸,0.5mM 5’-磷酸吡哆醛,0.056Mβ巯-基乙醇,7mM甲氢叶酸及初始酚浓度0.32%,细胞于pH7.0,37℃培养。加入37%的甲醛使反应开始。酚和甲醛的浓度和添加比例应经常检查和调整。反应6小时后的,L-酪氨酸产率77.3%(26.3克/升),甘氨酸转化率6.4%。     

噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7的克隆及其缺失变种的构建

 用适当的限制性内切酶,将噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7从整个噬菌体T7基因组中分离出来,插入到质粒pBR322中去,转化E.Coli HMS174,筛选出这两个基因的成功克隆。运用同样手段,从整个噬菌体T7基因组中分离出含有部分基因6编码序列,而不含基因6.5和6.7编码序列的T7DNA片段,插入到pBR322的衍生质粒中去,转化Ecoli C1757,再用含有基因6和基因7的双突变噬菌体T7去感染这一转化菌,通过同源交叉而得到缺失基因6.5和6.7的噬菌体T7缺失变种。这种噬菌体只能在载有噬菌体T7基因6.5和6.7,或者只载有基因6.7质粒的寄主中增殖。通过噬菌体结构蛋白电泳分析证明,这种噬菌体丢失了野生型菌体T7所具有的两条结构蛋白带。     

温度和生长素对猕猴桃冬季扦插生根的影响

猕猴桃新近在世界上的许多地区均有种植。虽然曾采用许多常用的育苗法,以满足对苗木需求的日益增加,但唯有幼苗嫁接法和扦插法较为实用。软枝扦插发根相当容易,而硬枝扦插则偶有发根困难的现象。有关硬枝扦插的报道甚少,且试验结果不尽一致。应用底温22°—24℃或高至27℃,被认为是一项良好的技术,但尚未探明不同温度     

被子植物花序的演化趋势(下)

包含两个不同重叠式样的花序在被子植物几个较进化的类群中,花序由两种式样组成,这两种在各自的构造和发育上,都有根木的区别,菊科和禾本科就是最好的例子。在菊科中,基本单位是头状花序,花无柄,长在花序托上,周围由特化的苞片形成花序总苞,向顶式发育。这些构造是由总状花序经过伞房花序的中间状态,由于简化而演化出的(图1.M)。许多菊科植物中,包括最一般的向日葵族 Heliantheae 的种,头状花序是单生的,或由     

Biochemical Plant Responses to Ozone : II. Induction of Stilbene Biosynthesis in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seedlings

Formation of the stilbenes pinosylvin and pinosylvin 3-methyl ether, as well as the activity of the biosynthetic enzyme stilbene synthase (pinosylvin-forming), were induced several hundred- to thousandfold in primary needles of 6-week-old pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings upon exposure to a single pulse of ozone of at least 0.15 microliters per liter. The seedlings required 4 hours of exposure as a minimum for the induction of stilbene biosynthesis when exposed to 0.2 microliters per liter ozone. Both stilbene synthase activity and stilbene accumulation increased with the duration of ozone treatment. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the activity of chalcone synthase, a key enzyme of the flavonoid pathway that uses the same substrates as stilbene synthase, were also stimulated about twofold by ozone. Stilbene biosynthesis appears to represent the first example of a dose-dependent biochemical response to ozone in a conifer species and may serve as a useful biomarker to study stress impacts on pine trees.     

Hydroperoxide Lyase and Other Hydroperoxide-Metabolizing Activity in Tissues of Soybean, Glycine max

Hydroperoxide lyase (HPLS) activity in soybean (Glycine max) seed/seedlings, leaves, and chloroplasts of leaves required detergent solubilization for maximum in vitro activity. On a per milligram of protein basis, more HPLS activity was found in leaves, especially chloroplasts, than in seeds or seedlings. The total yield of hexanal from 13(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (13S-HPOD) from leaf or chloroplast preparations was 58 and 66 to 85%, respectively. Because of significant competing hydroperoxide-metabolizing activities from other enzymes in seed/seedling preparations, the hexanal yields from this source were lower (36-56%). Some of the products identified from the seed or seedling preparations indicated that the competing activity was mainly due to both a hydroperoxide peroxygenase and reactions catalyzed by lipoxygenase. Different HPLS isozyme compositions in the seed/seedling versus the leaf/chloroplast preparations were indicated by differences in the activity as a function of pH, the K_m values, relative V_max with 13S-HPOD and 13(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid (13S-HPOT), and the specificity with different substrates. With regard to the latter, both seed/seedling and chloroplast HPLS utilized the 13S-HPOD and 13S-HPOT substrates, but only seeds/seedlings were capable of metabolizing 9(S)-hydroperoxy-trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid into 9-oxononanoic acid, isomeric nonenals, and 4-hydroxynonenal. From 13S-HPOD and 13S-HPOT, the products were identified as 12-oxo-cis-9-dodecenoic acid, as well as hexanal from 13S-HPOD and cis-3-hexenal from 13S-HPOT. In seed preparations, there was partial isomerization of the cis-3 or cis-9 into trans-2 or trans-10 double bonds, respectively.