Studies of multipolar mitoses in euploid tissue cultures

In tissue cultures of male Microtus agrestis, diploid mitoses with two X or two Y chromosomes were found. For identifiying the sex chromosomes in nonhypotonioally treated mitoses, the asynchrony of DNA replication of the sex chromosomes of both sexes was used. The constitutive heterochromatin of Y replicates later in the S period than X, and X₂ of the female replicates later than X₁. Autoradiographic studies of tetraploid tripolar mitoses showed that the diploid daughter nuclei contain either XX or YY in the male; in the female, X₁X₂ daughter nuclei were found less frequently than X₁X₁ and X₂X₂ cells.     

Changes in Self-Efficacy and Decisional Balance for Exercise among Obese Women in a Weight Management Program

PINTO, BERNARDINE M., MATTHEW W. CLARK, DEAN G. CRUESS, LYNDA SZYMANSKI, AND VINCENT PERA. Changes in self-efficacy and decisional balance for exercise among obese women in a weight management program. Obes Res. Objective: To assess changes in eating and exercise self-efficacy and decisional balance for exercise in an obese population enrolled in a multi-disciplinary weight management program. Research Method and Procedures: Thirty-two obese women were assessed at entry and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results: Participants showed 15% mean weight loss after 12 weeks of treatment. Mean minutes of self-reported exercise increased by 229%. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in self-efficacy for both eating and exercise and health parameters but not in decisional balance for exercise adoption. Discussion: These results may have implications for the practitioner in that self-efficacy changes occur during successful weight loss, but decisional balance for exercise may not change until individuals enter maintenance. These results imply that practitioners may be advised to shift from confidence building to relapse prevention early on in treatment, and that focusing on strengthening the pros of exercise and reducing the cons of exercise may need to remain constant during treatment.