Thymic cell migration in the subnodular spaces of draining lymph nodes of rats

Little is known about the pathway of possible lymphocyte traffic in the nodules (germinal centers) of the node. Observations reported here indicate the involvement of the subnodular spaces. These spaces, which constitute the inner limit of the nodules, are contiguous to the perivascular channels of the postcapillary venules which partially encircle each nodule. Twelve hours after a local transfer of labeled thymic cells, they were observed in the subnodular spaces and in the perivascular channels of the draining nodes. It is proposed that the spaces and the channels provide a pathway for the rapid migration of lymphocytes entering a node via the afferent lymph and, probably, carrying an immunogenic information. The pathway would permit these cells to transmit the information rapidly to the appropriate cell population(s) of a node draining a tissue undergoing an immunological process.     

NEUROSECRETORY CELL PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE LAND SNAIL,OTALA LACTEA

—Protein synthesis in an identified molluscan neurosecretory cell of the land snail, Otala lactea was examined using three different types of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cells taken from active snails synthesized specific low molecular weight proteins while those from aestivated snails did not. Most of the newly synthesized low molecular weight proteins in the active snails were lost from the cell body when the preparations was chased for 19 h in label-free enriched medium in the presence of anisomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. If colchicine, a blocker of axonal transport, was included in the chase medium, the proteins present following a pulse were largely replaced by smaller molecular weight species. The results suggest that specific low molecular weight proteins are converted to smaller species and then transported from the cell body.     

荒漠草原盐沼湿地苦豆子土壤细菌群落构建机制及其影响因素

【背景】荒漠草原盐沼湿地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,土壤水分和盐分变化是影响该生态系统土壤细菌群落构建的重要因素。【目的】土壤细菌群落构建是由确定性和随机性主导的连续生态过程,阐明荒漠草原盐沼湿地土壤细菌群落的构建机制对于加深微生物作为关键生态系统因子重要性的理解具有积极意义。【方法】以宁夏中部典型荒漠草原盐沼苦水湖湿地为研究对象,对近湖边（near the lake,NL）和远离湖边（far from the lake,FL）苦豆子群落土壤理化特性进行测定并结合土壤细菌高通量测序分析。【结果】NL和FL样地具有明显的水盐梯度变化,NL样地土壤pH、含水量和电导率均显著高于FL样地;变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和黏菌门是研究区域土壤细菌群落的优势菌门,变形菌门相对丰度随水盐梯度上升而升高,放线菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度则随之下降,门下成员大多与水盐变化具有明显的相关性;此外,FL样地土壤细菌网络则具有稳定的网络关系;随着NL样地向FL样地的延伸,土壤细菌群落由随机过程主导,并且受pH、电导率和环境变量的影响。【结论】荒漠草原盐沼湿地水分和盐分的变化改变了土壤细菌群落结构;土壤细菌群落通过生态位占据等策略提高逆境下的生存能力;细菌群落构建是随机过程和确定性过程组成的连续统一体,同样受环境变化的影响。本结果揭示了荒漠草原盐沼湿地细菌群落结构和相互关系对环境变化的响应特征,同时阐明了该区土壤细菌群落的构建机制及影响因素,也为相关科学研究提供了一定理论参考。     

北京山区黄栌叶片水分和光能利用效率季节变化及影响因子

未来气候变化将影响光合环境资源供给,尤其是水分和光能。为深入了解植物对气候变化的适应性,使用LI-6800便携式光合仪,于2021年5—10月份(完全展叶期)测定了北京山区广布灌木黄栌(Cotinus coggygria)叶片的光响应曲线,分析其水分利用效率(WUE=最大净光合速率[P_nmax]/气孔导度[g_s])和光能利用效率(LUE)的季节变化特征及影响因子。结果显示：黄栌叶片WUE在5—6月份呈下降趋势,7—10月份比较稳定;LUE在5—7月份呈上升趋势,8—10月份比较稳定。WUE和LUE的生长季平均值分别为98.25μmol/mol和0.06 mol/mol,变异系数分别为22%和17%,两者呈负相关(R²=0.86;P<0.01)。环境因子中,WUE和LUE主要受土壤含水量(SWC)影响,WUE随SWC增加呈线性降低趋势,而LUE随SWC增加呈线性增加趋势。SWC每增加0.1 m³/m³,P_nmax和g_s分别线性增加...     

植被格局对砒砂岩坡地降雨侵蚀的影响

为进一步研究砒砂岩区不同雨型下植被格局对坡面土壤侵蚀特征的影响,基于野外径流小区原位观测试验与景观生态学相结合的方法,通过对比分析不同坡面的植被斑块格局指数与产流产沙之间的相关关系,阐明植被格局对砒砂岩坡地降雨侵蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)该地区降雨可划分为3类,根据各植被坡面产流产沙能力,得出降雨侵蚀力表现为:雨型II(长历时、大雨量、大雨强) ＞ 雨型III(短历时、小雨量、中雨强) ＞ 雨型I(中历时、中雨量、小雨强)。降雨量和最大30min雨强与产流产沙量呈显著或极显著关系,相关系数0.695以上,是预测该区域水土流失的主要降雨因子。(2)各坡面水土保持能力与降雨类型有关,不同雨型下3种植被坡面减流减沙率分别达0.42%、20.8%以上,不同植被格局坡面减沙效益优于减流效益,3种植被坡面的减流能力为:雨型I ＞ 雨型III ＞ 雨型II。(3)3种植被坡面的径流泥沙模数由小到大依次为:均匀分布 ＜ 聚集分布 ＜ 随机分布,对比区域多年平均径流泥沙模数,3种植被坡面能够减少侵蚀达21.33%以上。(4)景观形状指数和分离度指数是影响坡面产流产沙的主要格局因子,相关系数分别达0.884和0.825以上。产流、产沙量与坡面植被斑块分离度呈显著正相关,与景观形状指数呈显著负相关。坡面产流量(Y₁)与斑块分离度(SPLIT)和景观形状指数(LSI)的关系式为Y₁=8.247SPLIT-6.605LSI+38.928,R²=0.905。以上结果表明植被斑块间的分离度越小,形状越复杂,坡面阻力增大,抗侵蚀能力越强。研究成果可为生态恢复过程中植被斑块格局的优化提供理论依据和数据支撑。     

Long noncoding RNA lncMREF promotes myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration by interacting with the Smarca5/p300 complex

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the spatial and temporal regulation of muscle development and regeneration. Nevertheless, the determination of their biological functions and mechanisms underlying muscle regeneration remains challenging. Here, we identified a lncRNA named lncMREF (lncRNA muscle regeneration enhancement factor) as a conserved positive regulator of muscle regeneration among mice, pigs and humans. Functional studies demonstrated that lncMREF, which is mainly expressed in differentiated muscle satellite cells, promotes myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, lncMREF interacts with Smarca5 to promote chromatin accessibility when muscle satellite cells are activated and start to differentiate, thereby facilitating genomic binding of p300/CBP/H3K27ac to upregulate the expression of myogenic regulators, such as MyoD and cell differentiation. Our results unravel a novel temporal-specific epigenetic regulation during muscle regeneration and reveal that lncMREF/Smarca5-mediated epigenetic programming is responsible for muscle cell differentiation, which provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of muscle regeneration.