豆类炭疽病病原物种类及其发生研究进展

炭疽病是重要的世界性植物病害,造成大豆、绿豆等品质变劣,产量损失严重。本文综述了国内外大豆炭疽病的发生情况、炭疽菌种类及其特征,为了解该病的流行病学和科学防治提供理论依据。     

一株抗茶炭疽菌和魔芋镰刀菌的淀粉酶产色链霉菌的分离、鉴定及生防潜能

【背景】放线菌是一类重要的生防菌,具有强大的代谢活性,能产生抗生素、酶、酶抑制剂和激素等天然产物抑制病原物生长。【目的】从茶树根际分离得到放线菌,研究候选放线菌对茶炭疽菌和魔芋镰刀菌的抑菌活性及其生防潜能。【方法】分别以茶炭疽病致病菌Colletotrichum camelliae和魔芋茎腐病致病菌Fusarium solani为指示菌,采用土壤稀释涂布法、平板对峙法和菌丝生长速率法,从茶树根际土壤中分离、筛选拮抗放线菌,并根据菌株的形态特征、生理生化特性和系统发育分析结果对其进行分类鉴定,并开展候选放线菌的产促生相关物质和分泌细胞壁水解酶能力的定性检测试验。【结果】共分离得到14株拮抗放线菌,菌株A-dyzsc04-2的拮抗效果最强,被鉴定为淀粉酶产色链霉菌（Streptomyces diastatochromogenes）。该菌株的活菌体对C. camelliae和F. solani的抑制率分别为66.71%±1.23%和71.59%±2.46%,其无菌发酵滤液对2种指示菌的抑菌率均大于90%;此外,菌株A-dyzsc04-2还具有产嗜铁素和葡聚糖酶以及溶解无机磷的能力。【结论】菌株A-dyzsc04-2是一株优良的生防菌,具有较高的开发利用价值,研究结果为菌株A-dyzsc04-2防治茶炭疽病和魔芋茎腐病提供了理论支撑。     

OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用

本文以OB作为斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus,SpltNPV）的增效剂,对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫进行生物测定,结果表明,在0．25％-1．00％的浓度范围内,随着OB增效剂浓度的提高,其对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也随着提高,最高增效倍数达85．1倍;在2～4龄幼虫范围内,随着虫龄的增大,OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也增加;而随着温度的升高,增效剂的增效作用无显著提高。     

IGF2BP2 serves as a core m6A regulator in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Methylation of N6 adenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cancers. Its modification is regulated by three types of m6A-related regulators (methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and RNA-binding proteins (readers)). Till now, the functions and roles of these regulators in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we utilized the open HNSC dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), four different cell lines, and our HNSC patient samples (n=40) to explore the clinical significance of 19 m6A regulators, and selected the most significant prognosis-related regulator. Authentic analyses based on online websites were also used in the study (Oncomine, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier plotter, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, String, etc.). From the results, general overexpression of m6A regulators was observed in pan-cancer, especially in HNSC. IGF2BP2 was recognized as the hub m6A regulator, which was an independent, unfavorable prognostic factor in HNSC. Its mRNA and protein expression in HNSC were significantly up-regulated. Gene mutation types of IGF2BP2 in HNSC (32%) were mainly mRNA High or Amplification, which represented the high expression of IGF2BP2. And these mutations were associated with a poor prognosis. In functional analysis, IGF2BP2 was negatively correlated to tumor immune infiltration in HNSC. Finally, HMGA2 might interact with the IGF2BP2 in HNSC. In conclusion, IGF2BP2 serves as a core m6A regulator among all regulators in HNSC, which has a high expression and predicts the poor prognosis of HNSC patients independently. IGF2BP2 might bring a new direction for HNSC treatment in the future.     

Long noncoding RNA lncMREF promotes myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration by interacting with the Smarca5/p300 complex

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the spatial and temporal regulation of muscle development and regeneration. Nevertheless, the determination of their biological functions and mechanisms underlying muscle regeneration remains challenging. Here, we identified a lncRNA named lncMREF (lncRNA muscle regeneration enhancement factor) as a conserved positive regulator of muscle regeneration among mice, pigs and humans. Functional studies demonstrated that lncMREF, which is mainly expressed in differentiated muscle satellite cells, promotes myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, lncMREF interacts with Smarca5 to promote chromatin accessibility when muscle satellite cells are activated and start to differentiate, thereby facilitating genomic binding of p300/CBP/H3K27ac to upregulate the expression of myogenic regulators, such as MyoD and cell differentiation. Our results unravel a novel temporal-specific epigenetic regulation during muscle regeneration and reveal that lncMREF/Smarca5-mediated epigenetic programming is responsible for muscle cell differentiation, which provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of muscle regeneration.     

基于中国生态系统研究网络的典型森林生态系统土壤保持功能分析

森林生态系统土壤保持功能在控制土壤侵蚀以及维持生态安全方面具有不可替代的作用。根据不同气候带降雨特征进行降雨侵蚀力参数校正,基于中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)的森林生态系统长期定位观测样地2005—2015年监测数据利用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)定量分析了典型森林生态系统土壤保持功能的时空变化特征,并探讨了土壤保持功能的影响因素。研究结果表明:①日雨量侵蚀力模型在降雨丰富的热带模拟效果优于降雨相对较少的亚热带和温带,参数校正后模拟效果明显提升;②研究期内10个典型森林生态系统土壤保持量变化范围为4.44—891.67 t hm^-2 a^-1,呈现北低南高的空间格局(R²=0.65^***);土壤保持率均达到97%以上;③降雨、归一化植被指数、土壤质地和植被林龄是影响森林生态系统土壤保持功能的主要影响因素;降雨量与土壤保持量显著相关(R²=0.52^*),NDVI和土壤质地与实际土壤侵蚀量显著相关(R²=0.64^**     

草地贪夜蛾幼虫在玉米和小麦上的取食和生长发育特性比较

【目的】评估草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda转移至小麦上为害和暴发的风险。【方法】采用室内饲养观察与调查统计的方法,测定和比较了23℃下草地贪夜蛾在玉米和小麦上的取食和生长发育特性及种群生命表参数。【结果】草地贪夜蛾在小麦上可以完成世代,其3龄后幼虫取食小麦的取食量及体重指标显著地高于同处理后时间在玉米上取食的;而食物利用效率、幼虫存活率、幼虫发育历期、卵孵化率均显著低于取食玉米的。取食玉米和取食小麦的草地贪夜蛾的平均蛹重、产卵前期、单雌产卵量等指标间无显著差异。另外,生命表参数比较结果表明,取食玉米和取食小麦的草地贪夜蛾的平均世代周期(T)、内禀增长率(r_m)和周限增长率(λ)间均无显著差异,取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾的净增殖率(R₀)为303.55±2.04,显著高于取食小麦的。【结论】草地贪夜蛾取食小麦时,生长发育速度快,能够完成世代生活史,但其食物利用效率、种群繁殖能力等却均低于取食玉米时,说明草地贪夜蛾更适宜在玉米上取食为害,存在转移至小麦为害的风险,但考虑到虫源、自然温度等条件,草地贪夜蛾在小麦上暴发的风险较小。本研...     

黄土高寒区典型植被类型土壤入渗特征及其影响因素

为了研究黄土高寒区典型植被在不同坡位下土壤入渗性能差异及其影响因素,采用恒定水头法测定了不同植被类型的土壤入渗过程,并分析了土壤孔隙状况、机械组成、水稳性团聚体等与渗透速率的相关性。结果表明:(1)初渗速率和稳渗速率均表现为青海云杉>祁连圆柏>华北落叶松>荒草地,且差异性显著;同一植被类型的土壤入渗速率沿坡面向下逐渐增大,但差异性不显著;(2)对不同植被类型的土壤入渗过程模拟发现Horton模型拟合效果最好,决定系数均在0.8以上,通用经验模型拟合精度较差,决定系数在0.614—0.982之间;(3)土壤入渗性能与孔隙状况、水稳性团聚体质量分数、有机质含量均有极显著相关性;>0.25 mm团聚体质量分数是影响稳渗速率的主要决策因素;总孔隙度是影响初渗速率的最主要的决策因素,而毛管孔隙度是主要的限制因子。为高寒地区土壤入渗模拟以及植被配置等提供了科学依据。