植物液泡膜阳离子/H+反向转运蛋白结构和功能研究进展

阳离子转运蛋白在调节细胞质阳离子浓度过程中发挥关键作用。液泡是一个储存多种离子的重要细胞器,阳离子 (Ca2+)/H+反向转运蛋白CAXs定位在液泡膜上,主要参与Ca2+向液泡的转运,也参与其他阳离子的转运。近年来,植物中分离鉴定了多个CAX基因,植物CAXs主要有4个功能域：NRR通过自抑制机制调节Ca2+转运活性,CaD和C功能域分别赋予CAXs的Ca2+和Mn2+专一性转运活性,D功能域可调节细胞质pH。拟南芥AtCAXs参与植物的生长发育和胁迫适应过程,AtCAX3主要在盐胁迫下转运Ca2+,At     

鄱阳湖湿地水位变化的景观响应

根据《湿地公约》和《全国湿地资源调查技术规程(试行)》关于湿地内涵和界定条件,利用现代遥感技术和地理信息技术,提取鄱阳湖湿地面积为3886km²。在此基础上,利用多时段遥感影像,分析了湿地在相似水位条件和不同水位条件下的景观变化。结果表明,在相似水位条件下,鄱阳湖湿地景观变化主要表现为居民地和裸地面积增加,水域面积变化不明显;在不同水位条件下,鄱阳湖湿地景观变化比较显著。景观变化驱动力分析表明,湿地水位变化是湿地景观变化的主要因素。     

水氮互作对冬小麦田氨挥发损失和产量的影响

2015-2017年利用水肥渗漏研究池,以‘石麦15’(SM15)为材料,采用随机区组设计,设置2个氮肥类型(尿素和有机肥牛粪)、2个施氮水平(180和90 kg·hm^-2)、2个灌溉水平(500和250 mm)进行试验,探讨水、氮及其互作对冬小麦田土壤氨挥发损失量和籽粒产量的影响.结果表明: 施肥以后土壤氨挥发持续7 d左右.2015-2016年施肥后各处理土壤氨挥发损失总量为13.36～46.04 kg·hm^-2,氨挥发氮肥损失率为8.9%～41.1%,2016-2017年各处理土壤氨挥发损失总量为14.78～52.99 kg·hm^-2,氨挥发氮肥损失率为9.2%～45.8%;两年试验内氨挥发损失量最多的处理为W₂U₁(施尿素N 180 kg·hm^-2,灌溉量250 mm),氨挥发损失率最高的处理为W₂U₂(施尿素N 90 kg·hm^-2,灌溉量250 mm),合理的水氮管理可以显著降低土壤氨挥发损失率,施用尿素造成的土壤氨挥发损失为有机肥的2～3倍.两年试验均以W₁M₁(施牛粪N 180 kg·hm^-2,灌溉量500 mm)的小麦产量最高,灌溉量、肥料类型和施氮量互作对冬小麦产量影响极显著.综合氨挥发损失量和冬小麦籽粒产量,本试验条件下,水氮互作效应显著,冬小麦生育期内总灌溉量500 mm、施有机肥180 kg·hm^-2时冬小麦季土壤氨挥发损失率较低,产量最高,施用有机肥的增产效果优于尿素,可作为黄淮海地区冬小麦实际生产中增产增效的水肥优化管理方式.     

雄性不育无籽刺梨花药发育过程中生理特性的初步研究

为探究无籽刺梨(Rosasterilis)雄性不育原因,采用1%I2-KI染色法观察花粉活性,并对无籽刺梨和正常可育刺梨(R.roburghii)花药不同发育时期的生理生化指标进行了研究。结果表明,无籽刺梨的败育花粉占95.5%,刺梨的正常花粉占99%。刺梨花药的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量在各时期的总体变化趋势相似,可溶性淀粉含量呈上升趋势,而无籽刺梨花药的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和脯氨酸含量在各时期的变化无规律可循,且花粉成熟期这4种物质的含量均明显低于刺梨,即花粉成熟期缺少各营养物质的积累。在花药发育过程中,无籽刺梨的SOD活性均低于刺梨;MDA含量呈上升趋势,且上升幅度比刺梨大;MDA含量和POD活性均高于刺梨。因此,营养物质的匮乏和酶系统的紊乱可能是导致无籽刺梨雄性不育的原因。     

Region-specific constitutive modeling of the plantar soft tissue

Recent research has shown that hyperelastic properties of the plantar soft tissue consisting of adipose tissue and fibrous septa change from region to region. However, relatively little research has been conducted to develop analytical or computational models to describe the region-specific behavior of the plantar soft tissue. The objective of the research is to develop a region-specific constitutive model of the plantar soft tissue. Plantar soft tissue specimens were dissected from six regions [subcalcaneal (CA), sublateral (LA), subnavicular (Nav), 1st, 3rd, and 5th submetatarsal (M1, M3, M5)] from cadaveric foot samples, and a picrosirius red staining technique was used to visualize the collagen fibers in fibrous septa. The volume fractions of adipose tissue and fibrous septa and the volume fractions of the principal orientations of the fibrous septa were calculated with the intensity gradient method. Region-specific constitutive models were then developed in finite element analysis considering the microstructure of the plantar soft tissue. The hyperelastic region specific material properties of the plantar soft tissue were validated with experimental unconfined compression tests and indentation tests from the literature. The results show that the models give reasonable predictions of the stiffness of the soft tissue within a standard deviation of the tests. The region-specific constitutive models help to explain how changes in the constituents are related to mechanical behavior of the soft tissue on a region specific basis.     

Development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">mazF</Emphasis>-based markerless genome editing system and metabolic pathway engineering in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida tropicalis</Emphasis> for producing long-chain dicarboxylic acids

Candida tropicalis can grow with alkanes or plant oils as the sole carbon source, and its industrial application thus has great potential. However, the choice of a suitable genetic operating system can effectively increase the speed of metabolic engineering. MazF functions as an mRNA interferase that preferentially cleaves single-stranded mRNAs at ACA sequences to inhibit protein synthesis, leading to cell growth arrest. Here, we constructed a suicide plasmid named pPICPJ-mazF that uses the mazF gene of Escherichia coli as a counterselectable marker for the markerless editing of C. tropicalis genes to increase the rate of conversion of oils into long-chain dicarboxylic acids. To reduce the β-oxidation of fatty acids, the carnitine acetyltransferase gene (CART) was deleted using the gene editing system, and the yield of long-chain acids from the strain was increased to 8.27 g/L. By two homologous single exchanges, the promoters of both the cytochrome P450 gene and the NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase gene were subsequently replaced by the constitutively expressed promoter pGAP, and the production of long-chain dicarboxylic acids by the generated strain (C. tropicalis PJPP1702) reached 11.39 g/L. The results of fed-batch fermentation showed that the yield of long-chain acids from the strain was further increased to 32.84 g/L, which was 11.4 times higher than that from the original strain. The results also showed that the pPICPJ-mazF-based markerless editing system may be more suited for completing the genetic editing of C. tropicalis.     

Fluorescence Decaying Kinetics and Photodamage of Quinone-Reconstituted D1/D2/Cytochrome b559 Complex

Photosystem Ⅱ reaction center D1/D2/Cytochrome b559 complex loses its bound secondary electron acceptor QA and QB during isolation and purification. The artificial plastoquinone can reconstitute with the complex. The reconstitution of decyl-plastoquinone (DPQ) with D1/D2/Cytochrome b559 complex results in a decrease of the fraction of the two long lived fluorescence decay components (24 ns and 73 ns) coupled with photochemical activities to the total fluorescence yields, as well as a decrease of the total fluorescence intensity and a blue-shift of maximum emission wavelength. These results suggest that as the electron acceptor of reduced Pheo, DPQ restricts the charge recombination of P680+ Pheo-, and the two long lived fluorescence decay components (24 ns and 73 ns) come from the recombination. Although DPQ reconstitution has little effect on the susceptibility of Chi a to photodamage, β-carotene can easily be photodamaged after DPQ reconstitution. This is probably related to the physiological function of β-carotene.