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Aquaporins (AQP) 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to the aquaporin water channel family and play an important role in urine concentration by reabsorption of water from renal tubule fluid. Renal AQPs have not been reported in the yak (Bos grunniens), which resides in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. We investigated AQPs 1?4 expressions in the kidneys of Yak using immunohistochemical staining. AQP1 was expressed mainly in the basolateral and apical membranes of the proximal tubules and descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. AQP2 was detected in the apical plasma membranes of collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules. AQP3 was located in the proximal tubule, distal tubule and collecting ducts. AQP4 was located in the collecting ducts, distal straight tubule, glomerular capillaries and peritubular capillaries. The expression pattern of AQPs 1?4 in kidney of yak was different from other species, which possibly is related to kidney function in a high altitude environment. 相似文献
115.
Previous investigations on the monkey kidney COS cell line demonstrated the
weak expression of fucosylated cell surface antigens and presence of
endogenous fucosyltransferase activities in cell extracts. RT-PCR analyses
have now revealed expression of five homologs of human fucosyltransferase
genes, FUT1, FUT4, FUT5, FUT7, and FUT8, in COS cell mRNA. The enzyme in
COS cell extracts acting on unsialylated Type 2 structures is closely
similar in its properties to the alpha1,3- fucosyltransferase encoded by
human FUT4 gene and does not resemble the product of the FUT5 gene.
Although FUT1 is expressed in the COS cell mRNA, it has not been possible
to demonstrate alpha1,2- fucosyltransferase activity in cell extracts but
the presence of Le(y) and blood-group A antigenic determinants on the cell
surface imply the formation of H-precursor structures at some stage. The
most strongly expressed fucosyltransferase in the COS cells is the
alpha1,6-enzyme transferring fucose to the innermost N -acetylglucosamine
unit in N - glycan chains; this enzyme is similar in its properties to the
product of the human FUT8 gene. The enzymes resembling the human FUT4 and
FUT8 gene products both had pH optima of 7.0 and were resistant to 10 mM
NEM. The incorporation of fucose into asialo-fetuin was optimal at 5.5 and
was inhibited by 10 mM NEM. This result initially suggested the presence of
a third fucosyltransferase expressed in the COS cells but we have now shown
that triantennary N- glycans with terminal nonreducing galactose units,
similar to those present in asialo-fetuin, are modified by a weak
endogenous beta-galactosidase in the COS cell extracts and thereby rendered
suitable substrates for the alpha1,6- fucosyltransferase.
相似文献
116.
M Kale R Ramsey-Goldman S Bernatsky MB Urowitz D Gladman PR Fortin M Petri E Yelin S Manzi S Edworthy O Nived S-C Bae D Isenberg A Rahman JG Hanly C Gordon S Jacobsen E Ginzler DJ Wallace GS Alarcón MA Dooley L Gottesman K Steinsson A Zoma J-L Senécal S Barr G Sturfelt L Dreyer L Criswell J Sibley JL Lee AE Clarke 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(Z3):A15
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F. S. Belforte F. Coluccio Leskow E. Poskus A. Penas Steinhardt 《Molecular biology reports》2013,40(4):3015-3020
The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a key role in the activation of innate immune response participating in the recognition of lipopolysaccharides. Changes in the innate immune response are involved in the pathogenesis of some metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Met-S and T2DM). It has been recently shown the role of gut microbiota in the perpetuation of both insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. Some studies have reported that TLR4 D299G polymorphism is associated with metabolic disorders, however results have been inconsistent. Two recent meta-analyses showed that D299G is associated with inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers risk, two pathological states in which the luminal microbial flora-host cells interaction may be implicated. We conducted a systemic review of the published data considering all eligible published studies (six studies with 1696 cases and 3388 controls for D299G) and a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between TLR4 D299G polymorphism and the risk for metabolic disorders. Five studies were identified for T2DM: three corresponding to Caucasian populations and two to mixed populations. The remaining study analyzed Met-S in a Caucasian population. We observed a significant association between D299G polymorphism and metabolic disorders (T2DM and Met-S) risk (OR = 0.566, 95 % CI: 0.347–0.925, p = 0.023) particularly in Caucasians. No association was found in mixed population subgroup. Our meta-analysis identified that the AG/GG genotypes of D299G are associated with decreased metabolic disorders risk. 相似文献