miRNA-Based Drought Regulation in the Important Medicinal Plant Dendrobium huoshanense

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Dendrobium is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and Dendrobium species show high diversity in potential adaptation to drought stress. Although miRNAs...     

QTL mapping of adult-plant resistance to leaf rust in a RIL population derived from a cross of wheat cultivars Shanghai 3/Catbird and Naxos

Key message

Six QTL for adult plant resistance to leaf rust, including two QTL effective against additional diseases, were identified in a RIL population derived from a cross between Shanghai 3/Catbird and Naxos.

Abstract

Leaf rust is an important wheat disease and utilization of adult-plant resistance (APR) may be the best approach to achieve long-term protection from the disease. The CIMMYT spring wheat line Shanghai 3/Catbird (SHA3/CBRD) showed a high level of APR to Chinese Puccinia triticina pathotypes in the field. To identify APR genes in this line, a mapping population of 164 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross of this line and Naxos, a moderately susceptible German cultivar. The RILs were evaluated for final disease severity (FDS) at Baoding, Hebei province, and Zhoukou, Henan province, in the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 cropping seasons. QTL analysis detected one major QTL derived from SHA3/CBRD on chromosome 2BS explaining from 15 to 37 % of the phenotypic variance across environments. In addition one minor resistance QTL on chromosome 1AL from SHA3/CBRD and four minor QTL from Naxos on chromosomes 2DL, 5B, 7BS, and 7DS were also detected. SHA3/CBRD also possessed seedling resistance gene Lr26, and Naxos contained Lr1 based on gene postulation following tests with an array of P. triticina pathotypes and molecular marker assays. These seedling resistance and APR genes and their closely linked molecular markers are potentially useful for improving leaf rust resistance in wheat breeding programs.     

Recommendations for mass spectrometry data quality metrics for open access data (corollary to the Amsterdam principles)

Policies supporting the rapid and open sharing of proteomic data are being implemented by the leading journals in the field. The proteomics community is taking steps to ensure that data are made publicly accessible and are of high quality, a challenging task that requires the development and deployment of methods for measuring and documenting data quality metrics. On September 18, 2010, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened the "International Workshop on Proteomic Data Quality Metrics" in Sydney, Australia, to identify and address issues facing the development and use of such methods for open access proteomics data. The stakeholders at the workshop enumerated the key principles underlying a framework for data quality assessment in mass spectrometry data that will meet the needs of the research community, journals, funding agencies, and data repositories. Attendees discussed and agreed upon two primary needs for the wide use of quality metrics: (i) an evolving list of comprehensive quality metrics and (ii) standards accompanied by software analytics. Attendees stressed the importance of increased education and training programs to promote reliable protocols in proteomics. This workshop report explores the historic precedents, key discussions, and necessary next steps to enhance the quality of open access data. By agreement, this article is published simultaneously in Proteomics, Proteomics Clinical Applications, Journal of Proteome Research, and Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, as a public service to the research community. The peer review process was a coordinated effort conducted by a panel of referees selected by the journals.     

Post-translational modification of cardiac proteasomes: functional delineation enabled by proteomics

Proteasomes are ubiquitously expressed multicatalytic complexes that serve as key regulators of protein homeostasis. There are several lines of evidence indicating that proteasomes exist in heterogeneous subpopulations in cardiac muscle, differentiated, in part, by post-translational modifications (PTMs). PTMs regulate numerous facets of proteasome function, including catalytic activities, complex assembly, interactions with associating partners, subcellular localization, substrate preference, and complex turnover. Classical technologies used to identify PTMs on proteasomes have lacked the ability to determine site specificity, quantify stoichiometry, and perform large-scale, multi-PTM analysis. Recent advancements in proteomic technologies have largely overcome these limitations. We present here a discussion on the importance of PTMs in modulating proteasome function in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, followed by the presentation of a state-of-the-art proteomic workflow for identifying and quantifying PTMs of cardiac proteasomes.     

HUPO Publications Committee Meeting: 21 April 2006, San Francisco, CA, USA

This meeting was convened with the aim of bringing together representatives from scientific journals, granting authorities, software and instrumentation manufacturers, data producers and database providers to discuss the implementation and adoption of the HUPO-PSI data standards and how these can be best used to support the publication and dissemination of proteomics data. The current status of data formats and reporting requirements was reviewed and the attendees agreed that the use of data standards was essential as the field of proteomics grows and matures.     

柳杉凋落物在中国亚热带和热带的分解

柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)为我国特有种,具有很高的经济价值,而且在吸收二氧化碳和净化空气方面具有重要作用。为探究全球气候变暖对森林凋落物分解速率的影响,分别在中亚热带的千岛湖、南亚热带的鼎湖山和热带的尖峰岭,用分解袋法对柳杉凋落物进行分解实验,3个实验样地的主要差异为温度。结果表明:凋落物在3个样地的分解速率顺序为尖峰岭、鼎湖山、千岛湖,且不同样地之间的分解速率具有显著差异(P0.01)。在千岛湖样地分解速率常数k值与初始C/N呈显著相关(P0.05);在鼎湖山样地分解速率常数k值与初始碳含量呈极显著相关(P0.01);在尖峰岭样地,凋落物的分解速率常数k值与凋落物各初始化学元素含量相关性均不显著,推测可能是气候起主要作用。     

利用分子环化技术提高瘤胃微生物木聚糖酶热稳定性

在高温下保持催化活性是工业酶的重要性质。近年来,采用基因工程、蛋白质工程技术提高野生酶进行催化活性或耐热等性质取得了重要进展。文中利用新近建立起来的异肽键介导的SpyTag/SpyCatcher系统对瘤胃微生物来源的木聚糖酶XYN11-6进行分子环化,获得稳定的环化酶C-XYN11-6。在60℃、70℃和80℃下处理10 min,C-XYN11-6的残余活性为81.53%、73.98%和64.41%,分别是相同条件下线性蛋白L-XYN11-6残余活性的1.48、2.92、3.98倍。经60–90℃热处理10 min后,C-XYN11-6仍保持可溶状态,而L-XYN11-6几乎完全聚沉。内源荧光和8-苯胺-1-萘磺酸(8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid,ANS)结合荧光光谱分析显示,较之L-XYN11-6,热处理环境中C-XYN11-6更能够维持其构象稳定。值得注意的是,分子环化提高了C-XYN11-6对0.1–50 mmol/L Ca²⁺或0.1 mmol/L Cu²⁺的耐受能力。综上所述,文中利用Spy...     

单增李斯特菌在冷鲜猪肉中的生长预测模型比较

[目的]探讨单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)在冷鲜猪肉中的生长及现有预测软件GP( Growth Predictor)、PMP( Pathogen Modeling Programme)及CP (ComBase Predictor)对LM在冷鲜猪肉中生长的预测准确性.[方法]测定LM在4℃、8℃、12℃及16℃冷鲜猪肉中的生长,并用DMFit软件对生长数据进行拟合,计算各个温度点下的迟滞期(Lag phase duration,LPD)、生长率(Growth rate,GR)、最大生长密度(Maximum population density,MPD),同时用3种预测模型对相同条件下LM在猪肉中的生长进行预测,将实测值与预测值进行比较分析.[结果]冷鲜猪肉在16℃,经过2.6h LM即进入对数生长期.从8℃提高至12℃时,LM在冷鲜猪肉中的生长率从0.017l0g(cfu/g).h-1增至0.038l0g(cfu/g).h-1.在4℃ - 16℃,PMP预测的GR要比实测值低,而LPD则高于实测值.GP在8℃及以上的温度范围内,所预测LPD比实测值偏高.3种预测模型中,GP对GR的预测稍高于实测值,偏差因子(Bf)为1.01,准确因子(Af)为1.38;CP对LPD的预测值与实测值更为接近,Af及Bf分别为4.33及2.83.[结论]在冷鲜猪肉生产和销售过程中,严格控制温度尤为重要.PMP的预测较为保守,不适于冷鲜猪肉中LM生长的预测;建议用GP对GR进行预测,而CP对LPD的预测仅作为参考.     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌PHODB35的溶磷特性及其对番茄的促生作用

【目的】从种植番茄的根围土壤中筛选高效溶磷细菌,为减施化学肥料和开发微生物肥料提供溶磷菌种资源,并初步探索其促生机制。【方法】采用无机磷培养基利用梯度稀释涂布法从土壤中分离筛选促生菌株,通过形态特征、16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列分析对优良促生菌株进行鉴定,并分别利用正交试验和单因素试验分析环境因子和营养因子对其溶磷效果的影响,进一步利用HPLC-MS并结合相应有机酸的标准物质,明确优良促生菌株产生的有机酸种类;盆栽试验测定接菌处理后番茄株高、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、基质和植株有效磷含量评价菌株对番茄的促生作用。【结果】筛选到1株优良的促生菌株,命名为PHODB35,鉴定其为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。对环境因子的正交试验结果表明,菌株PHODB35最佳溶磷条件为pH 7.0,温度为30°C,接种量为5%;对营养因子的单因素试验结果表明,该菌株以葡萄糖为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源、磷酸钙为磷源时,解磷效果最好,有效磷浓度为88.77mg/L。明确了菌株PHODB35产生的有机酸为葡萄糖酸。盆栽实验结果表明,菌株PHODB35对番茄幼苗有明显的促生作用,与空白对照相比,施用菌株后对株高、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、基质和植株有效磷含量分别增加28.21%、22.59%、113.06%、45.08%和16.24%,表明菌株PHODB35具有一定的肥效功能,可用于促生菌剂的研制。【结论】筛选到具有促生能力的解磷细菌,为进一步开发研制番茄促生菌剂或微生物有机肥提供资源,为菌株PHODB35在农业生产中的应用提供了理论依据和实验基础。