来源于泗阳鞘氨醇杆菌的聚磷酸激酶的克隆表达及在ATP再生系统中的应用

聚磷酸激酶(polyphosphate kinase,PPK)在体外催化合成ATP的反应中有着重要作用。为寻找能利用短链聚磷酸盐(polyphosphate,polyP)为底物高效合成ATP的聚磷酸激酶,本文以来源于泗阳鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium siyangensis)的聚磷酸激酶(PPK2)为研究目标,利用pET-29a构建重组质粒,在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中表达,并将其作为ATP再生系统的关键酶与l-氨基酸连接酶(YwfE)联用生产丙谷二肽(Ala-Gln)。ppk2长度为810bp,编码270个氨基酸;SDS-PAGE结果表明PPK2为可溶性表达,分子量为29.7kDa。对PPK2的最适反应条件进行了优化,结果发现其在22–42℃、pH7–10的范围内均可以保持较好活性,且在37℃、pH为7、镁离子(Mg²⁺)浓度为30mmol/L、底物ADP与六偏磷酸钠浓度分别为5mmol/L和10mmol/L时酶活最大,在0.5h时ATP产率可以达到理论值的60%以上。作为模式反应体系,当PPK2与YwfE联用生产Ala-Gln时,达到与直接添加ATP相同的效果。此聚磷酸激酶作为ATP再生系统具有较好的适用性,适用的温度和pH范围广,且能以廉价易得的短链polyP为底物高效合成ATP,为依赖ATP的催化反应体系的能量再生提供了新酶的来源。     

Activation of STAT3 stimulates AHSP expression in K562 cells

Studies on the chaperone proteinα-hemoglobin stabilizing protein(AHSP)reveal that abundant AHSP in erythroid cells enhance the cells’tolerance to oxidative stress imposed by excessα-hemoglobin in pathological conditions.However,the potential intracellular modulation of AHSP expression itself in response to oxidative stress is still unknown.The present study examined the effect and molecular mechanism of STAT3,an oxidative regulator,on the expression of AHSP.AHSP expression increased in K562 cells upon cytokine IL-6-induced STAT3 activation and decreased in STAT3 knock-down K562 cells.Regulation of AHSP in oxidative circumstance was then examined inα-globin-overloaded K562 cells,and real-time PCR showed strengthened expression of both AHSP and STAT3.ChIP analysis showed binding of STAT3 to AHSP promoter and binding was significantly augmented with IL6 stimulation and uponα-globin overexpression.Dual luciferase reporter assays of the wildtype and mutated SB3 element,an IL-6RE site,in the AHSP promoter in K562 cells highlighted the direct regulatory effect of STAT3 on AHSP gene.Finally,direct binding of STAT3 to SB3 site of AHSP promoter was confirmed with EMSA assays.Our work reveals an adaptive AHSP regulation mediated by the redox-sensitive STAT3 signaling pathway,and provides clues to the therapeutic strategy for AHSP enhancement.     

高山被孢霉产花生四烯酸及其遗传改造的研究进展

花生四烯酸作为一种重要的多价不饱和脂肪酸,因其具有多种生理功能而被认为是潜在的食品添加剂和药物。近年来,利用高山被孢霉合成花生四烯酸已成为研究热点。前期相关研究主要集中在菌种选育及发酵调控方面。随着研究的不断深入,关于高山被孢霉合成花生四烯酸的代谢途径的研究取得了较大进展。以下简要概述前期工作进展,着重论述花生四烯酸合成途径的关键酶及其高山被孢霉的遗传改造的研究情况,包括生物合成花生四烯酸代谢途径、关键酶及其应用、高山被孢霉的遗传操作系统的构建以及遗传改造的应用,并对其研究前景进行了展望。     

中国河南两株庚型肝炎病毒（HGV）NS5区部分cDNA的克隆与序列分析

通过逆转录－聚合酶链反应从我国河南省２例重叠感染ＨＣＶ或ＨＢＶ／ＨＤＶ的献血啼中,分离到ＨＢＶＮＳ５区的部分ｃＤＮＡ,对其进行序列分析比较,结果表明,河南株ＨＧＶＮＳ５工核苷酸与两中国ＨＧＶ主同源性高于国外代表株（８８．５－９０．６％）,但由核苷酸推导的氨基酸的同源性都无明显的地区性区别。ＨＧＶＮＳ５区氨基酸序列较保守,缺乏明显高变区,中国４株ＨＧＶ在７３８４位发生了由Ｃ→Ｔ的变异,从而导致一个人     

MST1 promotes apoptosis through phosphorylation of histone H2AX

MST1 (mammalian STE20-like kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is cleaved and activated by caspases during apoptosis. Overexpression of MST1 induces apoptotic morphological changes such as chromatin condensation, but the mechanism is not clear. Here we show that MST1 induces apoptotic chromatin condensation through its phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser-139. During etoposide-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, the cleavage of MST1 directly corresponded with strong H2AX phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assay results showed that MST1 strongly phosphorylates histone H2AX. Western blot and kinase assay results with a mutant S139A H2AX confirmed that MST1 phosphorylates H2AX at Ser-139. Direct binding of MST1 and H2AX can be detected when co-expressed in HEK293 cells and was also confirmed by an endogenous immunoprecipitation study. When overexpressed in HeLa cells, both the MST1 full-length protein and the MST1 kinase domain (MST1-NT), but not the kinase-negative mutant (MST1-NT-KN), could induce obvious endogenous histone H2AX phosphorylation. The caspase-3 inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-DEVD-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-DEVD-fmk) attenuates phosphorylation of H2AX by MST1 but cannot inhibit MST1-NT-induced histone H2AX phosphorylation, indicating that cleaved MST1 is responsible for H2AX phosphorylation during apoptosis. Histone H2AX phosphorylation and DNA fragmentation were suppressed in MST1 knockdown Jurkat cells after etoposide treatment. Taken together, our data indicated that H2AX is a substrate of MST1, which functions to induce apoptotic chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation.     

铁红圆酵母属两个类群的培养特征初步研究

通过超滤膜过滤法,在大连市黑石礁海域２５００米以内,分离到白色与铁红圆酵母两类海洋酵母。铁红圆酵母分属于Ｔｏｒｕｌｏｐｓｉｓｐｕｌｃｅｒｒｉｍａ类群和Ｔｏｒｕｌｏｐｓｉｓｃａｎｄｉｄａ类群。葡萄糖——蛋白胨——酵母膏液体培养基静止培养条件下,Ｔ．ｐｕｌｃｅｒｒｉｍａ类群培养五天半,活酵母数量达到第一次高峰,为１．２×１０￣８／ｍｌ,大约在八天半之后,达到最高数量,为２．０×１０８／ｍｌ。Ｔ．ｃａｎｄｉｄａ类群,培养大约二天半后,酵母数量达到第一次高峰,为１．８×１０￣７／ｍｌ,培养大约十天半,活细胞数达到最高峰,为１．２×１０￣（－８）／ｍｌ。由于铁红园酵母具有易培性,耐不良环境能力强的优点,作为未来水产养殖业幼体饵料微生物具有广泛地应用前景。     

芒果APl同源基因的克隆及其生物信息学分析

我们采用RT-PCR方法克隆了2个APl同源基因全长cDNA,分别命名为MAPl-1(GenBank accession No.FJ529206)和MAPl-2(GenBank accession No.FJ529207).MAPl-1编码247个氨基酸,开放阅读框长度为741 bp,蛋白质分子量为28.54kD,等电点为8.31;MAPl-2编码248个氨基酸,开放阅读框长度为744 bp,蛋白质分子量为28.78 kD,等电点为8.70.同源性分析表明,它们的核苷酸序列与其它木本植物APl同源基因的一致性为72%～81%.实验分析表明,MAPl-1和MAPl-2第1至第61个氨基酸含有一个MADS盒结构域,第88至第178个为K盒结构域;两个基因均定位于细胞核,且功能位点分布存在着不同,推测这两个基因在花器官发育过程中的功能存在差异.蛋白二级结构预测显示,MAPl-1蛋白有12个a-螺旋,4个β折叠区,14个β-转角;而MAPl-2蛋白有11个a-螺旋,5个β折叠区,15个β-转角:其大多数氨基酸具有亲水性.本研究有助于进一步了解芒果的开花分子机理及成花的生物学发育阶段.     

山黧豆抗逆性研究进展

山黧豆是一种栽培历史悠久、种植广泛的豆科作物,具有很高的蛋白质含量和极强的耐旱能力,因而成为一些干旱、贫困和人口众多地区的主要饲料和粮食作物,且被考虑作为可持续发展农业的模式作物。随着人类对粮食、蛋白质和新型食物资源需求的日益增长,山黧豆的研究引起了世界各国学者的重视。该文对国内外近年来有关山黧豆在干旱、盐、重金属及生物胁迫下抗逆性方面的研究进展作了概述,同时简要介绍了山黧豆与干旱相适应的形态特征,并对亟需重点研究的几个方向作了展望。     

敲低PFKP联合肉碱棕榈酰基转移酶抑制剂etomoxir协同对肾透明细胞癌细胞Caki-1的抗肿瘤作用

目的:研究敲低P型磷酸果糖激酶(phosphofructokinase,PFKP)联合肉碱棕榈酰基转移酶抑制剂etomoxir对肾透明细胞癌Caki-1细胞的影响,并进一步探究其作用机制。方法:利用Western blot验证对照及PFKP shRNA敲低肾透明细胞癌细胞中PFKP的敲低效率,分别检测对照组(shCtrl)、PFKP敲低组、etomoxir组(shCtrl+etomoxir)、PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组的增殖曲线。使用Annexin-V/PI染色并用流式细胞检测对照组、PFKP敲低组、etomoxir组、PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组的细胞死亡,研究PFKP敲低联合etomoxir对细胞存活的影响。分别检测对照组、PFKP敲低组、etomoxir组、PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组的ATP水平与脂肪酸变化。结果:Western blot结果验证了PFKP的敲低效率。流式细胞检测显示,对照组、PFKP敲低组、etomoxir组、PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组的平均细胞死亡率分别为1.1、1.9、13.9、31.3%。PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组Caki-1细胞的死亡率显著高于单纯PFKP敲低与etomoxir组(P0.05)。PFKP敲低联合etomoxir组Caki-1细胞的ATP水平显著低于单纯PFKP敲低与etomoxir组(P0.05)。Etomoxir的加入抑制了PFKP敲低引起的游离脂肪酸下降(P0.05)。结论:PFKP敲低联合etomoxir对Caki-1细胞呈现协同的细胞毒抗肿瘤作用。     

抗菌肽的研究进展

抗菌肽又称抗微生物肽(antimicrobial peptide)或肽抗生素(peptide antibiotics),在动植物体内分布广泛,是天然免疫防御系统的一部分。抗菌肽不仅有广谱抗细菌能力,而且对真菌、病毒及癌细胞也有作用。对抗菌肽作用机理的研究是近来的热点之一,本文综述了此方面近来的进展,并对微生物针对抗菌肽的耐药性进行了讨论。