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11.
J M Ruppert K W Kinzler A J Wong S H Bigner F T Kao M L Law H N Seuanez S J O''Brien B Vogelstein 《Molecular and cellular biology》1988,8(8):3104-3113
Previous characterization of GLI, a gene found to be amplified and expressed in a subset of human brain tumors, revealed the presence of five tandem zinc fingers related to those of Krüppel (Kr), a Drosophila segmentation gene of the gap class. We have used the GLI cDNA as a molecular probe to isolate related sequences from the human genome. Partial characterization of six related loci, including sequence determination, expression studies, and chromosome localization, revealed that each locus could encode a separate finger protein. The predicted proteins all had similar H-C links, i.e., a conserved stretch of 9 amino acids connecting the C-terminal histidine of one finger to the N-terminal cysteine of the next. On the basis of amino acid sequence and intron-exon organization, the genes could be placed into one of two subgroups: the GLI subgroup (with the consensus finger amino acid sequence [Y/F]XCX3GCX3[F/Y]X5LX2HX3-4H[T/S]GEKP) or the Kr subgroup (with the consensus finger amino acid sequence [Y/F]XCX2CX3FX5LX2HXRXHTGEKP). Unlike GLI or Kr, most of the newly isolated genes were expressed in many adult tissues. The predicted proteins probably control the expression of other genes and, by analogy with Kr and GLI, may be important in human development, tissue-specific differentiation, or neoplasia. 相似文献
12.
Gary K. Scott Peter L. Davies Ming H. Kao Garth L. Fletcher 《Journal of molecular evolution》1988,27(1):29-35
Summary The organization of antifreeze protein (AFP) genes in the yellowtail flounder was investigated by Southern blotting and the characterization of clones from a genomic library. This flounder, like the closely related winter flounder, has a set of 10–12 linked but irregularly spaced AFP genes. However, it lacks the tandemly amplified set of 20 such genes that are present in the winter flounder. DNA sequence analysis of a tandemly repeated gene from winter flounder showed that it can code for one of the two most abundant AFP components in the serum. Consistent with this higher AFP gene dosage, the peak serum AFP level in midwinter was 9 mg/ml in the winter flounder and only 4 mg/ml in the yellowtail flounder. A recent amplification of the AFP gene in the winter flounder lineage might be responsible for the higher serum AFP levels in this fish. This increase in gene dosage might have helped the winter flounder colonize the ice-laden, shallow-water niche that it currently occupies along the east coast of North America. Genomic Southern blotting of two other righteye flounders, the smooth flounder and the American plaice, illustrates another example of a differential amplification of AFP genes that correlates with a species' exposure to ice. 相似文献
13.
P K Gregersen H Kao A Nunez-Roldan C K Hurley R W Karr J Silver 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1988,141(4):1365-1368
We have analyzed DNA sequence polymorphisms of DQ alpha and DQ beta chains from three haplotypes from the DRw52 family: DR5 DQw1 (FPA, GM3106), DRw6 DQw1 (CB6B, 10w9060), and DRw6 DQw3 (AMALA, 10w9064). The results indicate that the DR5 DQw1 and DRw6 DQw1 haplotypes have arisen by recombination between the DR beta 1 and DQ alpha loci. This contrasts with our previous analysis of DR4 DQ"Wa", DR3 DQ"Wa", and DR7 DQw3 haplotypes, all of which appear to have arisen by virtue of recombination between DQ alpha and DQ beta. Thus, there appear to be at least two different sites where recombination has occurred within the DR and DQ subregions. These differing patterns of recombination were interpreted in the context of the three major family groups of class II haplotypes, the DRw53, DRw52, and DR1/2 haplotype families. The data indicate that haplotypes from these family groups tend to undergo recombination at different locations. We propose that these differences in site of recombination are a reflection of differences in the molecular organization of the haplotypes belonging to each family group. 相似文献
14.
Construction and characterization of a region-specific microdissection library from human chromosome 2q35-q37. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A region-specific genomic library for human chromosome 2q35-q37 has been constructed using the microdissection and polymerase chain reaction-mediated linker-adaptor microcloning method. Twenty fragments from the chromosome region 2q35-q37 were dissected and a library consisting of 20,000 recombinant microclones was obtained. The insert size ranged between 50 and 800 bp, with a mean of approximately 270 bp. About 50-60% of the microclones contained unique sequences. The microdissection library has been demonstrated to derive from the dissected region 2q35-q37 by chromosome painting using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Southern blot analysis of the unique sequence microclones from the library showed that 54% (26/48) of the clones are of human origin and chromosome 2 specific. Four of these microclones have been further mapped to the 2q37 region by using a cell hybrid containing only 2q37. The unique sequence microclones have also been characterized for their insert size and the hybridizing genomic fragments cleaved with HindIII. As shown previously, these microclones will be useful in isolating corresponding yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones with large inserts for high-resolution physical mapping and also in screening cDNA libraries to isolate expressed gene sequences as candidate genes to facilitate search for the crucial genes underlying genetic diseases and specific forms of cancer assigned to the region. 相似文献
15.
Characterization of Ribonuclease Activity of Three S-Allele-Associated Proteins of Petunia inflata 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
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Three S-allele-associated proteins (S-proteins) of Petunia inflata, a species with gametophytic self-incompatibility, were previously found to share sequence similarity with two fungal ribonucleases, RNase T2 and RNase Rh. In this study, the S-proteins from P. inflata plants of S1S2 and S2S3 genotypes were purified to homogeneity by gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography, and their enzymatic properties were characterized. The three S-proteins (S1, S2, and S3), with pairwise sequence identity ranging from 73.1 to 80.5%, were similar in most of the enzymatic properties characterized. The ribonuclease activity had a pH optimum of 7.0 and a temperature optimum of 50°C. Diethylpyrocarbonate at 1 millimolar almost completely abolished the ribonuclease activity; cupric sulfate and zinc sulfate at 1 millimolar reduced the ribonuclease activity of the three S-proteins by 50 to 75%. EDTA and RNasin had no inhibitory effect. All three S-proteins hydrolyzed polycytidylic acid preferentially, but varied in their nucleolytic activity toward polyadenylic acid and polyuridylic acid. 相似文献
16.
The lit gene product which blocks bacteriophage T4 late gene expression is a membrane protein encoded by a cryptic DNA element, e14. 总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2
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Escherichia coli lit(Con) mutations cause a severe inhibition of gene expression late in infection by bacteriophage T4 owing to the overproduction of one, and possibly two, proteins (C. Kao, E. Gumbs, and L. Snyder, J. Bacteriol. 169:1232-1238, 1987). One or both of these proteins interact, either directly or indirectly, with a short sequence about one-quarter of the way into the major capsid protein gene of T4, and the inhibition occurs when this late gene of the virus is expressed. In this report we show that lit(Con) mutations are up-promoter mutations in the cryptic DNA element e14 and that only one of the proteins, gplit, of about 34 kilodaltons, is required for the inhibition. We have sequenced the lit gene and the surrounding regions. From the sequence, and from cell fractionation studies, we conclude that gplit is an inner membrane protein. Since the assembly of T4 heads is thought to occur on the inner face of the inner membrane, we propose that gplit interferes with a normal regulation which coordinates the synthesis of proteins and the assembly of T4 heads. 相似文献
17.
Ca2+ binding kinetics of fura-2 and azo-1 from temperature-jump relaxation measurements. 总被引:10,自引:8,他引:2
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The Ca2+-binding kinetics of fura-2 and azo-1 were studied using temperature-jump relaxation methods. In 140 mM KCl at 20 degrees C, the association and dissociation rate constants for fura-2 were 6.02 x 10(8) M-1s-1 and 96.7 s-1, respectively. The fura-2 kinetics were insensitive to pH over the range 7.4 to 8.4. Azo-1 was studied in 140 mM KCl, at pH 7.4, at 10 degrees and 20 degrees C. At 10 degrees C, azo-1 exhibited association and dissociation rate constants of 1.43 x 10(8) M-1s-1 and 777.9 s-1, respectively; while at 20 degrees C, the corresponding values were 3.99 x 10(8) M-1s-1 and 1,177 s-1. The kinetic results demonstrate that fura-2 and azo-1 are well suited to monitoring rapid changes in intracellular [Ca2+]. 相似文献
18.
Pathogenic synergy between Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis was investigated in an intraabdominal infection model. Defined inocula of E. coli and B. fragilis, alone or in combination, were enmeshed within a fibrin clot and surgically implanted into the peritoneal cavity of rats. A spectrum of bacterial synergy ranging from synergistic abscess formation to synergistic lethality was demonstrated using this model. The type of synergy exhibited was dependent upon the initial E. coli inoculum. When combined with B. fragilis, high inocula of E. coli (greater than 10(8) cfu/clot) produced synergistic lethality while low inocula (2 x 10(2) to 2 x 10(7) cfu/clot) resulted in synergistic abscess formation. With respect to abscess formation, there was reciprocal synergy between E. coli and B. fragilis. Abscesses resulting from mixed inocula were larger and had significantly higher numbers of E. coli and B. fragilis than abscesses initiated by monomicrobial inocula. These studies define a clinically relevant model of bacterial interactions in the setting of intraabdominal infection and suggest that conclusions drawn from experimental models of bacterial synergy should consider the type of model examined, the strains of bacteria studied, and the number of bacteria inoculated. 相似文献
19.
Mapping parathyroid hormone, β-globin,insulin, and LDH-A genes within the human chromosome 11 short arm by spot blotting sorted chromosomes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Roger V. Lebo Mei-Chi Cheung Barry D. Bruce Vincent M. Riccardi Fa-Ten Kao Yuet Wai Kan 《Human genetics》1985,69(4):316-320
Summary Rearranged human chromosomes carrying segments of chromosome 11 were separated from the normal chromosome 11 by high-resolution chromosome sorting. Sorted chromosomes were tested with parathyroid hormone, -globin, insulin, and LDH-A gene-specific probes to determine the genes carried by each chromosome segment. Based on the gene content and karyotypes of these abnormal chromosomes, the parathyroid hormone, -globin, insulin, and LDH-A genes and the unique restriction fragment ADJ-762 are all located on the terminal band of the short arm of human chromosome 11 (band 11p15), with LDH-A proximal to the other loci. 相似文献
20.
Dipsticking the major groove of DNA with enzymatically incorporated spin-labeled deoxyuridines by electron spin resonance spectroscopy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Site-specifically spin-labeled deoxyuridine triphosphates with tethers of different lengths were synthesized and then enzymatically incorporated with terminal transferase to form a spin-labeled poly(dT) copolymer. The spin-labeled copolymers were annealed with poly(dA) to form a duplex, which was analyzed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy in a solution of low ionic strength. The spin labels are attached in position 5 of the deoxyuridine and protrude into the major groove. Based on the correlation between tether length of the spin label and the electron spin resonance lineshape, we show that the depth of the major groove of a DNA in its B-form is about 8 A in solution, which is in good agreement with X-ray fiber studies. We also conclude, based on electron spin resonance lineshape simulation data, that the correlation time of the bases in a DNA duplex is of the order of nanoseconds. 相似文献