小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性遗传方式 和相对适合度研究

就小菜蛾Plutella xylostella对阿维菌素的抗性遗传方式和抗性品系的相对适合度进行了研究。室内选育的阿维菌素抗性品系与同源的敏感品系杂交、F₁代自交、F₁代与亲本回交,结果表明：杂交后的显性度（D）分别为-0.64和-0.52,说明小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性是常染色体、不完全隐性遗传;χ²检验证实,可能是多基因控制的抗性遗传。杂交F₁代乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、羧酸酯酶（CarE）和谷胱甘肽转移酶（GST）活性比抗性亲本有所降低,F2代及回交后代三种酶的活性继续降低。种群适合度研究表明,抗性品系相对于敏感品系有0.84的适合度。     

GoNe encoding a class VIIIb AP2/ERF is required for both extrafloral and floral nectary development in Gossypium

The floral nectary, first recognized and described by Carl Linnaeus, is a remarkable organ that serves to provide carbohydrate-rich nectar to visiting pollinators in return for gamete transfer between flowers. Therefore, the nectary has indispensable biological significance in plant reproduction and even in evolution. Only two genes, CRC and STY, have been reported to regulate floral nectary development. However, it is still unknown what genes contribute to extrafloral nectary development. Here, we report that a nectary development gene in Gossypium (GoNe), annotated as an APETALA 2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF), is responsible for the formation of both floral and extrafloral nectaries. GoNe plants that are silenced via virus-induced gene silencing technology and/or knocked out by Cas9 produce a nectariless phenotype. Point mutation and gene truncation simultaneously in duplicated genes Ne₁Ne₂ lead to impaired nectary development in tetraploid cotton. There is no difference in the expression of the CRC and STY genes between the nectary TM-1 and the nectariless MD90ne in cotton. Therefore, the GoNe gene responsible for the formation of floral and extrafloral nectaries may be independent of CRC and STY. A complex mechanism might exist that restricts the nectary to a specific position with different genetic factors. Characterization of these target genes regulating nectary production has provided insights into the development, evolution, and function of nectaries and insect-resistant breeding.     

高盐溶液预处理幽门螺杆菌对蒙古沙土鼠胃黏膜损伤作用

目的 探讨高盐预处理的幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)对胃黏膜的损伤作用。 方法 将30%高盐预处理前后的胃癌来源的H.pylori菌株(4854)灌胃蒙古沙土鼠(MGs),在灌胃后13、26和73周解剖动物,通过组织病理学检查、免疫组化染色和黏膜厚度测量,探讨高盐预处理的H.pylori对胃黏膜的损伤作用。 结果 与未加盐预处理的相应菌株相比,高盐预处理组小鼠的慢性炎症、黏膜变性/坏死、腺体萎缩伴肠上皮化生的发生率较低,黏膜糜烂/溃疡和黏膜上皮增生的发生率较高,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.325 6,P=0.040 8)。第73周,高盐预处理4854菌株组胃体和胃窦黏膜增生显著高于未加盐预处理组(t=12.802 4,P=0.035 1;t=16.536 0,P=0.043 8)。 结论 高盐预处理改变了H.pylori的体内致病性,有助于阐明H.pylori感染与高盐饮食在胃病中的相互作用模式。     

基于高通量测序分析西藏北部高寒草甸不同深度土壤线虫群落分布特征

为了研究藏北高寒草甸土壤线虫多样性,于2017年8月,采用Illumina MiSeq测序技术,研究了西藏北部高寒草甸0—25 cm范围内不同深度土层的土壤线虫群落组成与结构特征。结果表明:5个不同深度共获得OTU 990个,隶属于3个纲,7个目,25个科,30个属,刺嘴纲Enoplea为共有优势土壤线虫群落;对样品进行Alpha多样性评价,计算Chao 1指数、Shannon指数和Ace指数,发现5—10 cm的土壤样品群落有较高的丰富度;属水平Heatmap图分析可知20—25、15—20、0—5、5—10、10—15 cm土壤线虫群落的组成相似性有一个递增的趋势。与不同深度藏北高山嵩草(盛长期)线虫群落结构相关性较大的土壤化学指标是K~+、含水率、有机质和Zn~(2+)。研究发现不同深度土壤线虫种类及丰度存在一定的差异,可为研究藏北高寒草地土壤线虫群落特点提供依据。     

探索以“霍乱弧菌检测虚拟仿真实验”为载体的混合式实验教学模式

虚拟仿真实验是一种现代信息化和智慧教学的重要方法,对高等医学院校教学质量的发展起到重要的推进作用。我们自主开发建设的“霍乱弧菌检测与防控虚拟仿真实验”,既弥补了因生物安全问题不能开展的实验教学,也解决了微生物学检验实验教学中存在的操作标准化问题。采用“三步进阶”混合教学模式,实现以“学生为中心”的师生互动模式,创建“设计性实验报告”,与育人元素有机结合,培育医学生的职业使命感。细化考核标准,实现过程性评价。探索课前启发铺垫、课中内化升华、课后巩固拓展混合式实验教学模式,有效提高学生的实验技能,实现知行合一、素能共育的教学目标。     

Single-Cell Heterogeneity Analysis and CRISPR Screen Identify Key β-Cell-Specific Disease Genes

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野生大熊猫的年龄鉴定

本文根据大熊猫门齿齿骨质年轮线数目鉴定了大熊猫的实际年龄,并按其头骨各骨缝的生长愈合情况及臼齿磨损程度将大熊猫划分为6个年龄组。     

Downregulation of microRNA‐15a‐3p is correlated with clinical outcome and negatively regulates cancer proliferation and migration in human osteosarcoma

In this study, we investigated the expression, correlation to clinical outcomes and biological functions of microRNA‐15a‐3p (miR‐15a‐3p) in human osteosarcoma. MiR‐15a‐3p expressions in osteosarcoma cell lines and clinical tissues of osteosarcoma patients were measured by qPCR. Relevance of endogenous miR‐15a‐3p to osteosarcoma patients' clinicopathological factors or overall survival was statistically analyzed. In addition, the independence of miR‐15a‐3p predicting cancer patients' overall survival was analyzed by Cox regression method. Furthermore, in osteosarcoma cell lines, Saos‐2 and HOS cells, miR‐15a‐3p was overexpressed through stable lentiviral transduction. The functional regulations of miR‐15a‐3p overexpression on cancer ell proliferation and migration were then analyzed. MiR‐15a‐3p was significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and human osteosarcoma tumors. Downregulation of endogenous miR‐15a‐3p in osteosarcoma tumors was significantly associated with cancer patient's poor clinical outcomes and low survival rate. Also, endogenous miR‐15a‐3p was confirmed to be an independent biomarker for predicating cancer patients' survival. In Saos‐2 and HOS cells, lentivirus‐induced miR‐15a‐3p overexpression had significantly tumor suppressing functions, by inhibiting both proliferation and migration. Significant downregulation of miR‐15a‐3p in osteosarcoma may be an independent biomarker to predicting cancer patients' poor prognosis. Overexpression miR‐15a‐3p may be an efficient functional meaning to suppress osteosarcoma development.     

Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide D-4F promotes human endothelial progenitor cell proliferation,migration, adhesion though eNOS/NO pathway

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have a critical role in endothelial maintenance and repair. Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide D-4F has been shown to posses anti-atherogenic properties via sequestration of oxidized phospholipids, induction of remodeling of high density lipoprotein and promotion of cholesterol efflux from macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, we test the effects of D-4F on EPC biology. EPCs were isolated from the peripheral venous blood of healthy male volunteers and characterized by 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated LDL uptake and ulex europaeus agglutinin binding and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the absence and presence of D-4F or simvastatin (as a positive control), were assayed. We demonstrated that D-4F significantly enhanced EPC proliferation, migration and adhesion in a dose-dependent manner compared with vehicle. However, all of the favorable effects of D-4F on EPCs were dramatically attenuated by preincubation with NOS inhibitor L-NAME. Further, D-4F also increased nitric oxide production in culture supernatant and the levels of eNOS expression and phosphorylation. The stimulatory effects of D-4F (10 μg/ml) on EPC biology were comparable to 0.5 μM simvastatin. These results suggest that eNOS/NO pathway mediates the functional modulation of EPC biology in response to D-4F treatment and support the notion that the beneficial role of D-4F on EPCs may be one of the important components of its anti-atherogenic potential.