Environmental Biology of Fishes - To clarify the reproductive activity of lane snapper, Lutjanus synagris, a total of 359 specimens of lane snapper were collected in partnership with an artisanal... 相似文献
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is the main CoQ species in human and is used extensively in food, cosmetic and medicine industries because of its antioxidant properties and its benefit in prophylactic medicine and therapy for a variety of diseases. Among various approaches to increase the production of CoQ10, microbial fermentation is the most effective. As knowledge of the biosynthetic enzymes and regulatory mechanisms modulating CoQ10 production increases, opportunities arise for metabolic engineering of CoQ10 in microbial hosts. In this review, we present various strategies used up to date to improve CoQ10 production and focus on metabolic engineering of CoQ10 overproduction in microbes. General strategies of metabolic engineering include providing sufficient precursors for CoQ10, increasing metabolic fluxes, and expanding storage capacity for CoQ10. Based on these strategies, CoQ10 production has been significantly improved in natural CoQ10 producers, as well as in heterologous hosts.
Dehydrins (DHN) are proteins involved in plant adaptive responses to abiotic stresses, mainly dehydration. Several studies in perennial crops have linked bud dormancy progression, a process characterized by the inability to initiate growth from meristems under favorable conditions, with DHN gene expression. However, an in‐depth characterization of DHNs during bud dormancy progression is still missing. An extensive in silico characterization of the apple DHN gene family was performed. Additionally, we used five different experiments that generated samples with different dormancy status, including genotypes with contrasting dormancy traits, to analyze how DHN genes are being regulated during bud dormancy progression in apple by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Duplication events took place in the diversification of apple DHN family. Additionally, MdDHN genes presented tissue‐ and bud dormant‐specific expression patterns. Our results indicate that MdDHN genes are highly divergent in function, with overlapping levels, and that their expressions are fine‐tuned by the environment during the dormancy process in apple. 相似文献
This study reports weight–length and length–length relationships for selected coastal reef fish species of the Cape Verde Archipelago (tropical north‐eastern Atlantic). Specimens were caught with different types of gear (long‐lines, hand‐lines, purse‐seines and traps) during commercial fishing activities and sampled during fish market operations. A total of 8328 individuals were sampled, representing 29 species from 14 Families. This study provides the first references on weight–length and length–length relationships for five and 23 fish species worldwide, for 10 and 24 species for the Eastern Atlantic and for 12 and 26 species for Cape Verde Archipelago, respectively. Additionally, it provides revised weight–length relationships for 11 species from Cape Verde waters. 相似文献
Length‐weight relationships were determined for 15 fish species from the tributary Atlantic rain forest steams that drain into Sepetiba Bay, southeastern Brazil. This is the first record of length‐weight relationships for 12 of these species and new maximum lengths for four species. These results will be useful for management and conservation of this area of the Atlantic rain forest drainages. 相似文献
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of converting three chemical scrubbers in series to biotrickling filters (BTFs) for the simultaneous removal of H2S and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The conversion of the full-scale scrubbers was based on previous conversion protocols. Conversion mainly required replacing the original carrier material and recycle pumps as well as modifying the controls and operation of the reactors. Complete removal of H2S and VOCs on a routine basis was reached at neutral pH in a longer period of time compared to previous conversions reported. Biotrickling filters operated at a gas contact time of about 1.4 s per reactor and at pH controlled between 6.5 and 6.8. Inlet average concentrations below 10 ppmv of H2S and below 5 ppmv for VOCs were often completely removed. The first and second bioreactors played a primary role in H2S removal. Year-round operation of the biotrickling filters proved the ability of the system to handle progressive load increases of H2S and VOCs. However, fast, sudden load changes often lead to reduced removal efficiencies. Odor analyses showed average removal efficiencies above 80 %. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of selected samples showed that outlet odor concentration was due to limited removal of VOCs. The conversion showed was economically viable taking into account the theoretical consumption of chemicals needed for the absorption and oxidation of both H2S and VOCs. 相似文献
In the Americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in
the Amazon Forest, which extends across nine countries. One keystone step to
understanding the Plasmodium life cycle in Anopheles species from the Amazon Region
is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. Several attempts to colonise
Ano- pheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no
success at all. In this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from
the perspective of its Amazon vectors. Currently, it is possible to develop
experimental Plasmodium vivax infection of the colonised and field-captured vectors
in laboratories located close to Amazonian endemic areas. We are also reviewing
studies related to the immune response to P. vivax infection of Anopheles aquasalis,
a coastal mosquito species. Finally, we discuss the importance of the modulation of
Plasmodium infection by the vector microbiota and also consider the anopheline
genomes. The establishment of experimental mosquito infections with Plasmodium
falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei parasites that could provide
interesting models for studying malaria in the Amazonian scenario is important.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the parasites
in New World vectors is crucial in order to better determine the interaction process
and vectorial competence. 相似文献
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may cause severe complications after haematopoietic stem
cell transplantation (HSCT). Monitoring this virus and providing precise, rapid and
early diagnosis of related clinical diseases, constitute essential measures to
improve outcomes. A prospective survey on the incidence and clinical features of
HHV-6 infections after HSCT has not yet been conducted in Brazilian patients and the
impact of this infection on HSCT outcome remains unclear. A rapid test based on
real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been optimised to screen
and quantify clinical samples for HHV-6. The detection step was based on reaction
with TaqMan® hydrolysis probes. A set of previously described primers and
probes have been tested to evaluate efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility. The
target efficiency range was 91.4% with linearity ranging from 10-106
copies/reaction and a limit of detection of five copies/reaction or 250 copies/mL of
plasma. The qPCR assay developed in the present study was simple, rapid and
sensitive, allowing the detection of a wide range of HHV-6 loads. In conclusion, this
test may be useful as a practical tool to help elucidate the clinical relevance of
HHV-6 infection and reactivation in different scenarios and to determine the need for
surveillance. 相似文献