全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3766篇 |
免费 | 229篇 |
专业分类
3995篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 62篇 |
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 106篇 |
2019年 | 129篇 |
2018年 | 135篇 |
2017年 | 118篇 |
2016年 | 203篇 |
2015年 | 249篇 |
2014年 | 271篇 |
2013年 | 326篇 |
2012年 | 315篇 |
2011年 | 299篇 |
2010年 | 202篇 |
2009年 | 167篇 |
2008年 | 204篇 |
2007年 | 179篇 |
2006年 | 164篇 |
2005年 | 145篇 |
2004年 | 134篇 |
2003年 | 93篇 |
2002年 | 108篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有3995条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Erinaldo Ubirajara Damasceno dos Santos Géssica Dayane Cordeiro de Lima Micheline de Lucena Oliveira Sandra de Andrade Heráclio Hildson Dornelas Angelo da Silva Sergio Crovella Maria de Mascena Diniz Maia Paulo Roberto Eleutério de Souza/ 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2016,111(3):174-180
Polymorphisms in chemokine receptors play an important role in the progression of
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to cervical cancer (CC). Our study examined
the association of CCR2-64I (rs1799864) andCCR5-Δ32
(rs333) polymorphisms with susceptibility to develop cervical lesion (CIN and CC) in
a Brazilian population. The genotyping of 139 women with cervical lesions and 151
women without cervical lesions for the CCR2-64I and
CCR5-Δ32 polymorphisms were performed using polymerase chain
reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The individuals carrying
heterozygous or homozygous genotypes (GA+AA) for CCR2-64I
polymorphisms seem to be at lower risk for cervical lesion [odds ratio (OR) = 0.37, p
= 0.0008)]. The same was observed for the A allele (OR = 0.39, p = 0.0002), while no
association was detected (p > 0.05) with CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism.
Regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) type, patients carrying the
CCR2-64Ipolymorphism were protected against infection by HPV type
16 (OR = 0.35, p = 0.0184). In summary, our study showed a protective effect
ofCCR2-64I rs1799864 polymorphism against the development of
cervical lesions (CIN and CC) and in the susceptibility of HPV 16 infection. 相似文献
82.
83.
Territory Availability at Different Spatial Scales does not Affect Fighting Investment in Males of the Lycaenid Butterfly Strymon mulucha 下载免费PDF全文
Cibele P. S. Ferreira Luana P. Cerqueira Alexandre Uezu Eddy J. F. Oliveira Paulo E. C. Peixoto 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2016,122(10):798-806
In territorial species, rivals investment in fights over territories may increase when the availability of suitable areas for defense is low. This should occur because low territory availability may increase the costs to maintain and acquire territories. Although such process occurs in small spatial scales (local scale), territory availability in larger scales (regional scale) may also affect fighting investment, as losers should incur additional dispersing costs to find new territories. In this study, we used males of the hilltopping butterfly Strymon mulucha to evaluate the hypothesis that males should invest more in territorial fights when the costs to find new territories are higher (both at local and at regional scale). We timed male–male contests for territories located in 12 hilltops and measured male density per territory in each hilltop (local scale). We also quantified the distance between hilltops containing suitable areas for territories (regional scale). Male–male contests lasted 21 s on average, and copulations did not occur during the observations. The duration of contests was unrelated to the male density per territory or to the distance among hilltops, indicating that the investment in fights was unaffected by the availability of territorial sites, independent of the spatial scale. As male–male contests in S. mulucha are longer than the mean contest duration in other butterfly species and mating is extremely rare, we suggest that the value of each territory may be high enough to favor males that always invest as much as possible in contests. 相似文献
84.
Enilson B. Silva Felipe G. Fonseca Luís R. F. Alleoni Sandra S. Nascimento Paulo H. Grazziotti Bárbara O. Nardis 《International journal of phytoremediation》2016,18(9):847-852
It is important to know the mechanisms for forage development, especially those related to the tolerance of potentially toxic elements, when considering their use in phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated areas. In this study, we evaluated plant growth, concentration, and the availability of cadmium (Cd) for forage grasses (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana and cv. Tanzânia; Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and cv. Marandu) cultivated in Cd contaminated soils. The experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions over a 90-day evaluation period, and the Cd rates were 2, 4, and 12 mg/kg of soil. The relative growth rate of the forage grasses decreased as Cd rates increased, and the following descending order of susceptibility was observed: Marandu > Xaraés > Aruana > Tanzânia > Basilisk, with regard to phytotoxicity in these plants. The forage Cd concentration increased in line with increases in the Cd rates. Cd contents extracted by Mehlich-1 and by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid presented high positive correlation with forage relative growth. The forage plants did not block Cd entry into the food chain because they were not capable of limiting Cd absorption. 相似文献
85.
Offshore and coastal common bottlenose dolphins of the western South Atlantic face‐to‐face: What the skull and the spine can tell us 下载免费PDF全文
Ana P. B. Costa Patricia E. Rosel Fábio G. Daura‐Jorge Paulo C. Simões‐Lopes 《Marine Mammal Science》2016,32(4):1433-1457
The taxonomy of Tursiops truncatus in the western South Atlantic is not resolved. Two different hypotheses have been proposed: (1) offshore and coastal ecotypes with a parapatric distribution, and (2) two species, T. truncatus and T. gephyreus, living in sympatry. To test these hypotheses, we examined a total of 100 physically mature skulls and 35 vertebral columns from the suggested overlap zone in southern Brazil. In all skulls, 24 measurements, four alveoli counts and two categorical variables were analyzed. Vertebral formula was determined and five measurements were taken from selected vertebrae. Multivariate analyses were conducted for skull and vertebral data. Results revealed the presence of two well‐separated groups. Specimens of Group1 had smaller skulls and shorter body lengths, but more vertebrae, than Group2. The morphological characteristics of each group corresponded well with two ecotypes of common bottlenose dolphins reported in other ocean basins. Therefore, we assigned the specimens of Group1 to the offshore ecotype, and Group2 to the coastal ecotype. Differences in the geographic locations and ratio of strandings supported the parapatric hypothesis. The significant morphological differentiation observed suggests the presence of different subspecies, but an additional independent line of evidence is needed to hypothesize whether they represent different species. 相似文献
86.
João Paulo Oliveira Corrêa Camilo Elber Vital Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro Diego Silva Batista Cleber Witt Saldanha Ana Cláudia Ferreira da Cruz Marcela Morato Notini Débora Márcia Silva Freitas Fábio Murilo DaMatta Wagner Campos Otoni 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2016,52(1):45-55
87.
Amin Soltangheisi Paul J. A. Withers Paulo Sergio Pavinato Maurício Roberto Cherubin Raffaella Rossetto Janaina Braga Do Carmo Gustavo Casoni da Rocha Luiz Antonio Martinelli 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2019,11(12):1444-1455
Phosphorus (P) use in global food and bioenergy production needs to become more efficient and sustainable to reduce environmental impacts and conserve a finite and critical resource (Carpenter & Bennett, Environmental Research Letters, 2011, 6, 014009; Springmann et al., Nature, 2018, 562, 519). Sugarcane is one crop with a large P footprint because production is centered on P‐fixing soils with low P availability (Roy et al., Nature Plants, 2016, 2, 16043; Withers et al., Scientific Reports, 2018, 8, 2537). As global demand for processed sugar and bioethanol continues to increase, we advocate that improving P efficiency could become a key sustainability goal for the sugarcane industry. Here, we applied the 5R global P stewardship framework (Withers et al., Ambio, 2015, 44, 193) to identify more sustainable options to manage P in Brazilian sugarcane production. We show that current inputs of P fertilizer to the current crop area could be reduced by over 305 Gg, or 63%, over the next three decades by reducing unnecessary P fertilizer use, better utilization of recyclable bioresources and redesigning recommendation systems. Adoption of these 5R options would save the sugarcane industry in Brazil 528 US$ million and help safeguard global food and energy security. 相似文献
88.
Mayume Shibuya Giovana Bergheme Sara Passos Ivonete Queiroz Jamile Rêgo Lucas P. Carvalho Paulo R.L. Machado 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2019,21(2):94-98
Understanding host immune pathways associated with tissue damage during reactions are of upmost importance to the development of immune intervention strategies. The participation of monocytes in leprosy reactions was evaluated by determining the frequency of monocyte subsets and the degree of cellular activation through the expression of MHCII and the co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, CD86. Leprosy subjects with or without reactions were included in this cross-sectional study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell were isolated and stained ex vivo to determine monocyte subsets and the degree of cellular activation by flow cytometry. Intermediate monocytes were increased in leprosy patients with reactions when compared to patients without reactions. Although no difference was detected in the frequency of monocyte subsets between type 1 and 2 reactions, the expression of CD80 was increased in monocytes from patients with type 1 reactions and CD40 was higher in paucibacillary subjects presenting type 1 reactions. Moreover, CD86 and MHC II expression were higher in intermediate monocytes when compared to the other subsets in leprosy reaction types 1 and 2. Intermediate monocyte activation with CD86 and MHCII expression is involved with both type 1 and 2 reactions, whereas CD80 and CD40 expression is related to type 1 reactions. 相似文献
89.