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921.
AP Bordon-Graciani LA Dias-Melicio MJ Acorci-Valério JP Araujo AM Soares 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2012,14(12):1049-1053
In this study we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in monocyte fungicidal activity against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. We found that cells primed with IFN-γ, TNF-α or GM-CSF and challenged with a high-(Pb18) or low-virulence (Pb265) strain of the fungus increase their fungicidal activity. Expression of iNOS mRNA was increased after priming cells with each cytokine, and tended to be inhibited by Pb18. Despite up-regulation of iNOS mRNA expression by Pb265, an equivalent increase in NO production was not detected, as metabolite levels were similar in all cultures. The results indicated that high expression of human monocyte iNOS mRNA induced by P. brasiliensis is not correlated with NO concentrations produced. 相似文献
922.
Takehiko Shimizu Bao Ho Kathleen Deeley Jessica Brise?o-Ruiz Italo M. Faraco Jr Brett I. Schupack Jo?o A. Brancher Giovana D. Pecharki Erika C. Küchler Patricia N. Tannure Andrea Lips Thays C. S. Vieira Asli Patir Mine Yildirim Fernando A. Poletta Juan C. Mereb Judith M. Resick Carla A. Brandon Iêda M. Orioli Eduardo E. Castilla Mary L. Marazita Figen Seymen Marcelo C. Costa José M. Granjeiro Paula C. Trevilatto Alexandre R. Vieira 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
There is evidence for a genetic component in caries susceptibility, and studies in humans have suggested that variation in enamel formation genes may contribute to caries. For the present study, we used DNA samples collected from 1,831 individuals from various population data sets. Single nucleotide polymorphism markers were genotyped in selected genes (ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, and tuftelin interacting protein 11) that influence enamel formation. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with distinct caries experience. Associations with caries experience can be detected but they are not necessarily replicated in all population groups and the most expressive results was for a marker in AMELX (p = 0.0007). To help interpret these results, we evaluated if enamel microhardness changes under simulated cariogenic challenges are associated with genetic variations in these same genes. After creating an artificial caries lesion, associations could be seen between genetic variation in TUFT1 (p = 0.006) and TUIP11 (p = 0.0006) with enamel microhardness. Our results suggest that the influence of genetic variation of enamel formation genes may influence the dynamic interactions between the enamel surface and the oral cavity. 相似文献
923.
Paula Roszczenko Katarzyna A. Radomska Ewa Wywial Jean-Francois Collet Elzbieta K. Jagusztyn-Krynicka 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
Background
The formation of a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues stabilizes protein structure. Although we now have a good understanding of the Escherichia coli disulfide formation system, the machineries at work in other bacteria, including pathogens, are poorly characterized. Thus, the objective of this work was to improve our understanding of the disulfide formation machinery of Helicobacter pylori, a leading cause of ulcers and a risk factor for stomach cancer worldwide.Methods and Results
The protein HP0231 from H. pylori, a structural counterpart of E. coli DsbG, is the focus of this research. Its function was clarified by using a combination of biochemical, microbiological and genetic approaches. In particular, we determined the biochemical properties of HP0231 as well as its redox state in H. pylori cells.Conclusion
Altogether our results show that HP0231 is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes disulfide bond formation in the periplasm. We propose to call it HpDsbA. 相似文献924.
Paula Stewart Lauren Campbell Susan Skogtvedt Karen A. Griffin Jon M. Arnemo Morten Tryland Simon Girling Michael W. Miller Michael A. Tranulis Wilfred Goldmann 《PloS one》2012,7(12)
Mammalian species vary widely in their apparent susceptibility to prion diseases. For example, several felid species developed prion disease (feline spongiform encephalopathy or FSE) during the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic in the United Kingdom, whereas no canine BSE cases were detected. Whether either of these or other groups of carnivore species can contract other prion diseases (e.g. chronic wasting disease or CWD) remains an open question. Variation in the host-encoded prion protein (PrPC) largely explains observed disease susceptibility patterns within ruminant species, and may explain interspecies differences in susceptibility as well. We sequenced and compared the open reading frame of the PRNP gene encoding PrPC protein from 609 animal samples comprising 29 species from 22 genera of the Order Carnivora; amongst these samples were 15 FSE cases. Our analysis revealed that FSE cases did not encode an identifiable disease-associated PrP polymorphism. However, all canid PrPs contained aspartic acid or glutamic acid at codon 163 which we propose provides a genetic basis for observed susceptibility differences between canids and felids. Among other carnivores studied, wolverine (Gulo gulo) and pine marten (Martes martes) were the only non-canid species to also express PrP-Asp163, which may impact on their prion diseases susceptibility. Populations of black bear (Ursus americanus) and mountain lion (Puma concolor) from Colorado showed little genetic variation in the PrP protein and no variants likely to be highly resistant to prions in general, suggesting that strain differences between BSE and CWD prions also may contribute to the limited apparent host range of the latter. 相似文献
925.
Guilherme A. P. de Oliveira Elen G. Pereira Cristiano V. Dias Theo L. F. Souza Giulia D. S. Ferretti Yraima Cordeiro Luciana R. Camillo Júlio Cascardo Fabio C. Almeida Ana Paula Valente Jerson L. Silva 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
Understanding how Nep-like proteins (NLPs) behave during the cell cycle and disease progression of plant pathogenic oomycetes, fungi and bacteria is crucial in light of compelling evidence that these proteins play a role in Witches` Broom Disease (WBD) of Theobroma cacao, one of the most important phytopathological problems to afflict the Southern Hemisphere. The crystal structure of MpNep2, a member of the NLP family and the causal agent of WBD, revealed the key elements for its activity. This protein has the ability to refold after heating and was believed to act as a monomer in solution, in contrast to the related homologs MpNep1 and NPP from the oomyceteous fungus Phytophthora parasitica. Here, we identify and characterize a metastable MpNep2 dimer upon over-expression in Escherichia coli using different biochemical and structural approaches. We found using ultra-fast liquid chromatography that the MpNep2 dimer can be dissociated by heating but not by dilution, oxidation or high ionic strength. Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed a possible tail-to-tail interaction between monomers, and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements identified perturbed residues involved in the putative interface of interaction. We also explored the ability of the MpNep2 monomer to refold after heating or chemical denaturation. We observed that MpNep2 has a low stability and cooperative fold that could be an explanation for its structure and activity recovery after stress. These results can provide new insights into the mechanism for MpNep2′s action in dicot plants during the progression of WBD and may open new avenues for the involvement of NLP- oligomeric species in phytopathological disorders. 相似文献
926.
MM Barrio R Abes M Colombo G Pizzurro C Boix MP Roberti E Gélizé M Rodriguez-Zubieta J Mordoh JL Teillaud 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e40311
Dendritic cells (DC) can achieve cross-presentation of naturally-occurring
tumor-associated antigens after phagocytosis and processing of dying tumor
cells. They have been used in different clinical settings to vaccinate cancer
patients. We have previously used gamma-irradiated MART-1 expressing melanoma
cells as a source of antigens to vaccinate melanoma patients by injecting
irradiated cells with BCG and GM-CSF or to load immature DC and use them as
a vaccine. Other clinical trials have used IFN-gamma activated macrophage
killer cells (MAK) to treat cancer patients. However, the clinical use of
MAK has been based on their direct tumoricidal activity rather than on their
ability to act as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate an adaptive antitumor
response. Thus, in the present work, we compared the fate of MART-1 after
phagocytosis of gamma-irradiated cells by clinical grade DC or MAK as well
as the ability of these cells to cross present MART-1 to CD8+
T cells. Using a high affinity antibody against MART-1, 2A9, which specifically
stains melanoma tumors, melanoma cell lines and normal melanocytes, the expression
level of MART-1 in melanoma cell lines could be related to their ability to
stimulate IFN-gamma production by a MART-1 specific HLA-A*0201-restricted
CD8+ T cell clone. Confocal microscopy with Alexa Fluor®647-labelled
2A9 also showed that MART-1 could be detected in tumor cells attached and/or
fused to phagocytes and even inside these cells as early as 1 h and up to
24 h or 48 h after initiation of co-cultures between gamma-irradiated melanoma
cells and MAK or DC, respectively. Interestingly, MART-1 was cross-presented
to MART-1 specific T cells by both MAK and DC co-cultured with melanoma gamma-irradiated
cells for different time-points. Thus, naturally occurring MART-1 melanoma
antigen can be taken-up from dying melanoma cells into DC or MAK and both
cell types can induce specific CD8+ T cell cross-presentation
thereafter. 相似文献
927.
928.
Conrado Adler Natalia S. Corbalán Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost María Fernanda Pomares Ricardo E. de Cristóbal Jon Clardy Roberto Kolter Paula A. Vincent 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
Background
Bacteria produce small molecule iron chelators, known as siderophores, to facilitate the acquisition of iron from the environment. The synthesis of more than one siderophore and the production of multiple siderophore uptake systems by a single bacterial species are common place. The selective advantages conferred by the multiplicity of siderophore synthesis remains poorly understood. However, there is growing evidence suggesting that siderophores may have other physiological roles besides their involvement in iron acquisition.Methods and Principal Findings
Here we provide the first report that pyochelin displays antibiotic activity against some bacterial strains. Observation of differential sensitivity to pyochelin against a panel of bacteria provided the first indications that catecholate siderophores, produced by some bacteria, may have roles other than iron acquisition. A pattern emerged where only those strains able to make catecholate-type siderophores were resistant to pyochelin. We were able to associate pyochelin resistance to catecholate production by showing that pyochelin-resistant Escherichia coli became sensitive when biosynthesis of its catecholate siderophore enterobactin was impaired. As expected, supplementation with enterobactin conferred pyochelin resistance to the entE mutant. We observed that pyochelin-induced growth inhibition was independent of iron availability and was prevented by addition of the reducing agent ascorbic acid or by anaerobic incubation. Addition of pyochelin to E. coli increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while addition of ascorbic acid or enterobactin reduced them. In contrast, addition of the carboxylate-type siderophore, citrate, did not prevent pyochelin-induced ROS increases and their associated toxicity.Conclusions
We have shown that the catecholate siderophore enterobactin protects E. coli against the toxic effects of pyochelin by reducing ROS. Thus, it appears that catecholate siderophores can behave as protectors of oxidative stress. These results support the idea that siderophores can have physiological roles aside from those in iron acquisition. 相似文献929.
K Heikkilä ST Nyberg EI Fransson L Alfredsson D De Bacquer JB Bjorner S Bonenfant M Borritz H Burr E Clays A Casini N Dragano R Erbel GA Geuskens M Goldberg WE Hooftman IL Houtman M Joensuu KH Jöckel F Kittel A Knutsson M Koskenvuo A Koskinen A Kouvonen C Leineweber T Lunau IE Madsen LL Magnusson Hanson MG Marmot ML Nielsen M Nordin J Pentti P Salo R Rugulies A Steptoe J Siegrist S Suominen J Vahtera M Virtanen A Väänänen P Westerholm H Westerlund M Zins T Theorell M Hamer JE Ferrie 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e35463
Background
Tobacco smoking is a major contributor to the public health burden and healthcare costs worldwide, but the determinants of smoking behaviours are poorly understood. We conducted a large individual-participant meta-analysis to examine the extent to which work-related stress, operationalised as job strain, is associated with tobacco smoking in working adults.Methodology and Principal Findings
We analysed cross-sectional data from 15 European studies comprising 166 130 participants. Longitudinal data from six studies were used. Job strain and smoking were self-reported. Smoking was harmonised into three categories never, ex- and current. We modelled the cross-sectional associations using logistic regression and the results pooled in random effects meta-analyses. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to examine longitudinal associations. Of the 166 130 participants, 17% reported job strain, 42% were never smokers, 33% ex-smokers and 25% current smokers. In the analyses of the cross-sectional data, current smokers had higher odds of job strain than never-smokers (age, sex and socioeconomic position-adjusted odds ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.18). Current smokers with job strain smoked, on average, three cigarettes per week more than current smokers without job strain. In the analyses of longitudinal data (1 to 9 years of follow-up), there was no clear evidence for longitudinal associations between job strain and taking up or quitting smoking.Conclusions
Our findings show that smokers are slightly more likely than non-smokers to report work-related stress. In addition, smokers who reported work stress smoked, on average, slightly more cigarettes than stress-free smokers. 相似文献930.
García-Fraile P Carro L Robledo M Ramírez-Bahena MH Flores-Félix JD Fernández MT Mateos PF Rivas R Igual JM Martínez-Molina E Peix Á Velázquez E 《PloS one》2012,7(5):e38122
The biofertilization of crops with plant-growth-promoting microorganisms is currently considered as a healthy alternative to chemical fertilization. However, only microorganisms safe for humans can be used as biofertilizers, particularly in vegetables that are raw consumed, in order to avoid sanitary problems derived from the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the final products. In the present work we showed that Rhizobium strains colonize the roots of tomato and pepper plants promoting their growth in different production stages increasing yield and quality of seedlings and fruits. Our results confirmed those obtained in cereals and alimentary oil producing plants extending the number of non-legumes susceptible to be biofertilized with rhizobia to those whose fruits are raw consumed. This is a relevant conclusion since safety of rhizobia for human health has been demonstrated after several decades of legume inoculation ensuring that they are optimal bacteria for biofertilization. 相似文献