Filtering rate of the cladoceran,Daphnia pulex as a function of body size,light and acclimation

Daphnia pulex were raised under nine light intensities (0, 1.7, 3.5, 7, 14, 28, 55, and 110 ft-c), polarized light (6.6 ft-c), and four wavelength ranges.Light intensity significantly affected the relationship between filtering rate and body size of unacclimated animals. The b values were lowest at 7 and 14 ft-c and they increased above 7 ft-c as light intensity increased. There were significant differences among b values and adjusted means for unacclimated animals. Acclimation to their respective conditions resulted in some significant differences between b values and adjusted means. For acclimated animals there were no significant differences among b values but there were some differences among adjusted means. The filtering rates of unacclimated and acclimated animals were lower at 14 ft-c while 1.7 and 3.5 ft-c were generally stimulatory and the effect was more pronounced in larger animals. Light intensities above 28 ft-c tended to suppress the filtering rate of small unacclimated animals and stimulate filtering rate in larger unacclimated animals. After acclimation, intensities above 7 ft-c did not affect the filtering rate of either small or large animals.The effect of polarized light on filtering rate was inseparable from the effect of light intensity, however, acclimation to polarized light resulted in a significantly higher b value.There were no significant effects of wavelength among b values for unacclimated animals and the adjusted mean for blue wavelengths was significantly higher than for violet wavelengths. There were no significant differences among b values or adjusted means for acclimated animals. Acclimation to their respective wavelengths did result in some significant differences between b values and adjusted means. Except for the effects of blue wavelengths on unacclimated animals and red wavelengths on acclimated animals, the effects of wavelengths are inseparable from the effects of light intensity.This paper is part of a Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate School of The University of Kansas.Supported in part by a NSF Summer Traineeship and a grant from the Research Corporation to St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057.     

Markers Differentiating Type 3 Parainfluenza Virus Grown at 25 and 37 C

Serial passage of the 64-2389 strain of type 3 parainfluenza virus in cercopithecus monkey kidney tissue cultures at low temperatures resulted in the selection of a variant which had a higher efficiency of plaque formation at 25 C than the parent line grown at 37 C. The cold variant, unlike the parent strain, plaqued readily at 25 C, and at 37 C it produced significantly larger plaques. Virus titers of the cold variant in hamster lungs were significantly lower and this was probably caused by the stimulation of interferon by the cold variant during the early phase of the infection. The cold variant, like the virus grown at 37 C, also induced the synthesis of interferon late in the infection. Hamsters responded to the intranasal inoculation of each virus line by the development of hemagglutinating-inhibiting antibodies in the sera.     

Histochemische Studien an den Plexus chorioidei,an der Paraphyse und am Ependym von Rana temporaria L.

Zusammenfassung Die Epithelzellen der Plexus chor. ventr. III und IV, das Paraphysenepithel und das Ventrikelependym von Rana temporaria L. zeigen eine deutliche — wenn auch quantitativ unterschiedliche — Aktivität von SDH, -HBDH und LDH. Der Nachweis einer UDPGGT-Aktivität fällt dagegen nur im Plexusepithel positiv aus. In der Plexusepithelzelle sind die Formazangranula gleichmäßig über das gesamte Plasma verteilt, während sie in den Ependymzellen vorwiegend im apikalen, lumenwärtigen Teil der Zelle angeordnet sind. Die Ependymzellen lassen im Reaktionsausfall Typenunterschiede erkennen. Bei einigen Tieren wird die Auswirkung einer Adrenalininjektion auf das Enzymmuster der Plexusepithelzellen untersucht; die funktionellen Zusammenhänge mit einer gleichzeitigen Entspeicherung ihres Glykogenvorrats werden erörtert. Die Verteilung und der Lamellierungstyp der Mitochondrien im Plexus- und Paraphysenepithel werden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen illustriert. Einige Komentare sind dem histochemischen Verhalten des Wundrandes gewidmet.

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Histochemical studies on the choroid plexuses, the paraphysis cerebri, and the ependyma of Rana temporaria L.

Summary The epithelium of the choroid plexuses of the IIIrd and IVth ventricles as well as the paraphyseal epithelium and the ventricular ependyma cells of Rana temporaria L. show distinct activities of SDH, -HBDH and LDH, that differ quantitatively. The UDPGGT-reaction is positive in the plexus epithelium. In the epithelium of the choroid plexus, the formazan granules are evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. In the ependyma cells an apical accumulation of this material can be demonstrated. The various morphological types of the ependyma cells differ in the intensity of the SDH, -HBDH and LDH-reactions. In the plexus cells of some animals the effect of epinephrine was studied on the histochemically-detectable activity of these enzymes with respect to the simultaneous depletion of the glycogen depot. The distribution and ultrastructure of mitochondria is described in the choroid plexus and paraphyseal epithelial cells. A comment is made in reference to some histochemical pecularities of stab wound areas.

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Teil einer medizinischen Doktorarbeit.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM—Recognition and Treatment

Often patients in whom there is little to suggest myxedema or cretinism have subclinical hypothyroidism. Once the condition is suspected, it can be diagnosed by determination of protein-bound iodine and, if the PBI is low, by response to therapy with thyroid hormone.Patients in the following categories should have protein-bound iodine determination: Those having (1) a history of previous treatment for hypothyroidism; (2) suboptimal development in children; (3) ovarian dysfunction, infertility, habitual abortion or unusual menopausal disorders; (4) symptoms of malaise and debility, such as undue fatigue, somnolence, mental asthenia and anxiety; (5) unexplained anemia; (6) colloid goiter, adenomatous goiter and cancer of the thyroid gland.If hypothyroidism is diagnosed, administration of thyroid hormone in increasing amounts, as determined by serial serum PBI tests, should be carried out indefinitely. Instruction of the patient is essential.     

Histoplasmosis in Montreal During the Fall of 1963, with Observations on Erythema Multiforme

Although Montreal is in an endemic area, significant clinical histoplasmosis with systemic manifestations has been, until recently, infrequently diagnosed. However, since the autumn of 1963, 31 cases of clinically significant histoplasmosis have been seen by the authors. These were divided into two groups: (1) patients in whom the diagnosis was established on the basis of histological and/or cultural demonstration of the fungus; (2) patients in whom the diagnosis was based on a positive histoplasmin skin test, a complement fixation antibody titre of 1:32 or greater and compatible clinical and radiological findings. An additional group of 11 patients who presented with erythema multiforme was investigated and a heretofore unrecognized relationship between histoplasmosis and erythema multiforme was established.     

Right Internal Mammary Artery Implantation into Right Ventricular Myocardium for Revascularization of the Entire Heart: Experimental Data and Preliminary Report

The left internal mammary artery implant combined with epicardiectomy and free omental graft provides three extra-coronary sources of blood. This operation tested in dogs with 92% main-stem occlusion of three coronary arteries protected 75% of the animals. Applied clinically in over 100 patients, the operation resulted in 90% improvement. To obtain complete myocardial revascularization, the right internal mammary artery has been used as a fourth source of extra-coronary blood. In 57 animals, the right internal mammary arteries were implanted into the anterior walls of the right ventricle; in 80% this vessel formed anastomoses with the right coronary tree, and in 65% with the right and left coronary arteriolar systems. Six patients are described who underwent right internal mammary artery implantation; five of these in addition had the combined operation of left internal mammary artery implant, epicardiectomy and free omental graft. All patients had completely blocked right coronary arteries; in addition, five had advanced disease of the left coronary arterial tree.     

Formation and function of compression wood in gymnosperms

Westing, Arthur H. (Middlebury Coll., Vt.). 1965.Formation and function of compression wood in gymnosperms. Bot. Rev. 31: 381–480 A review with ca. 575 references. The world literature pertaining to the biology of compression wood (Rotholz; reaction wood) is evaluated critically. Compression wood is a geotropic reaction to an inertial force and is peculiar to the Coniferales, Ginkgoales, and Taxales. It is formed by the cambium (or cambial derivatives) of the lower side of inclined stems and branches, where it expandsin situ thereby tending to right the former and maintain (or restore) the inherent angle of the latter. Compression wood is stimulated to form by applications of indoleacetic acid, but under natural conditions is interpreted to result from an increased sensitization of cells on the lower side to an insignificantly changed level of endogenous auxin. A theoretical model of the perception (susception) mechanism is advanced. The mechanics of righting is discussed and the forces involved are estimated. Frequent reference is made to other geotropic phenomena of the higher plants, particularly to tension wood, the analogue of compression wood in the arborescent Dicotyledoneae. Much pertaining to the perception, formation, and function of compression wood remains to be elucidated