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101.
Bammler T Beyer RP Bhattacharya S Boorman GA Boyles A Bradford BU Bumgarner RE Bushel PR Chaturvedi K Choi D Cunningham ML Deng S Dressman HK Fannin RD Farin FM Freedman JH Fry RC Harper A Humble MC Hurban P Kavanagh TJ Kaufmann WK Kerr KF Jing L Lapidus JA Lasarev MR Li J Li YJ Lobenhofer EK Lu X Malek RL Milton S Nagalla SR O'malley JP Palmer VS Pattee P Paules RS Perou CM Phillips K Qin LX Qiu Y Quigley SD Rodland M Rusyn I Samson LD Schwartz DA Shi Y Shin JL Sieber SO Slifer S Speer MC 《Nature methods》2005,2(5):351-356
To facilitate collaborative research efforts between multi-investigator teams using DNA microarrays, we identified sources of error and data variability between laboratories and across microarray platforms, and methods to accommodate this variability. RNA expression data were generated in seven laboratories, which compared two standard RNA samples using 12 microarray platforms. At least two standard microarray types (one spotted, one commercial) were used by all laboratories. Reproducibility for most platforms within any laboratory was typically good, but reproducibility between platforms and across laboratories was generally poor. Reproducibility between laboratories increased markedly when standardized protocols were implemented for RNA labeling, hybridization, microarray processing, data acquisition and data normalization. Reproducibility was highest when analysis was based on biological themes defined by enriched Gene Ontology (GO) categories. These findings indicate that microarray results can be comparable across multiple laboratories, especially when a common platform and set of procedures are used. 相似文献
102.
A fruit-specific and pathogenesis-related 5/thaumatin-like (PR5/TL), 31-kDa protein was isolated by 2D-PAGE from fully-grown apples (Malus domestica cv. Fuji) and named Mdtl1 (Malus domestica thaumatin-like protein 1). Using the N-terminal sequence of the protein, the full-length cDNA encoding Mdtll was isolated. The cDNA clone (Mdtl1) consists of 944 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 744 bp encoding a protein of 247 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of Mdtl1 shows high similarity to the sequences of PR5/TL proteins. Mdtl1 is a slightly acidic protein with a putative signal peptide and a putative N-glycosylation site, and lacks a C-terminal extension. This suggests that Mdtl1 is an apoplastic glycoprotein. Results of northern blotting indicated that expressions of Mdtl1 are developmentally regulated. Southern blot analysis showed that Mdtl1 may be present as a single copy, and there exist other genes closely related to Mdtl1 in the apple genome. 相似文献
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HIROHIKO TAKEUCHI HIDETOSHI OTA FLS HONG‐SHIK OH TSUTOMU HIKIDA 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,105(2):395-408
We investigated intraspecific phylogenetic relationships in the natricine snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus. A partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (990 bp) was sequenced for 220 individuals from 112 populations. The phylogeny indicated monophyly of the Japanese populations against the continental and Taiwanese populations, sister relationships of the Japanese and continental populations, and monophyly of the whole species. The results strongly suggested substantial genetic divergences among population assemblages from those three regions. We thus consider both lateralis from the continent, which is often synonymized to R. tigrinus, and formosanus from Taiwan, which is usually regarded as a subspecies of the latter, as distinct full species based on the evolutionary species concept. In the Japanese populations, haplotypes were classified to in two major clades (I and II) that were parapatric to each other. Clade I consisted of three distinct subclades (I‐A, I‐B, and I‐C), of which the former two were parapatric with each other, whereas the latter was sympatric with each of the former two subclades. The geographical haplotype structure exhibited by the Japanese populations is likely to have resulted from a series of allopatric differentiations with rapid range extensions of resultant lineages, leading to secondary contact or further admixture of mitochondrial haplotype clades and subclades. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 105 , 395–408. 相似文献
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Eric Pattee 《Hydrobiologia》1962,19(1):40
Summary The principal methods for measuring the respiratory metabolism of aquatic animals are reviewed with their advantages and disadvantages. An animal does not undergo the same treatment in each of them. A chemical method and a manometric method were compared here and the results were found to differ, the former method yielding significantly lower values for Crenobia alpina and Dendrocoelum lactaeum and significantly higher values for Planaria gonocephala and Cloëon dipterum. The greatest caution is therefore necessary when basing a conclusion upon measures gathered by means of two different methods. Also when information on the normal metabolism of an animal is required, such a method must be selected as does not falsify the results by submitting the animal to grossly unnatural conditions.
Méthodes de mesure du métabolisme respiratoire chez les animaux aquatiques
Rcesumé L'article comporte un rappel des principales méthodes, de leurs advantages et de leurs inconvénients. Les conditions faites à l'animal pendant l'expérience sont trés variables d'une méthode à l'ature. Or des mesures comparatives effectuées par une méthode chimique et une méthode manométrique ont donné des résultats significative-ment différents. Les chiffres fournis par une seule méthode ne sont donc pas valables dans l'absolu. Lorsqu'on s'intéresse au métabolisme d'un animal dans la nature, il faut choisir une méthode oú les conditions imposées déforment les résultats le moins possible.相似文献