玉米大斑病菌钙调磷酸酶A亚基的克隆与特征分析

根据已知病原真菌钙调磷酸酶A亚基(Calcineurin A, CNA)丝苏蛋白磷酸酶保守结构域设计引物, 从玉米大斑病菌cDNA中扩增出CNA基因片段。利用cDNA末端快速克隆(Rapid amplification of cDNA ends, RACE)手段获得该基因全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号: EF 407562)。Southern杂交结果显示, 该基因在玉米大斑病菌基因组只有1个拷贝。CNA特异性抑制剂Cyclosporin A对玉米大斑病菌分生孢子和附着胞发育有抑制作用, 抑制作用与抑制剂浓度呈正相关, 相同浓度的抑制剂对附着胞形成的抑制作用大于对孢子萌发的抑制。经CsA(5µg/mL)处理后, 玉米大斑病菌分生孢子不能侵入玉米叶片, 初步表明CNA基因参与玉米大斑病菌的致病过程。     

Isolation of a 1 195 bp 5′-Flanking Region of Rice Cytosolic Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and Analysis of Its Expression in Transgenic Rice

A genomic DNA fragment containing the 5′-upstream sequence and part of the open reading frame corresponding to the cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cyFBPase) cDNA was isolated by Genome Walking. The 1 195 bp 5′-flanking region which started from the translation initiation ATG codon was fused to reporter gene encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS) and stably transferred to rice via particle bombardment. Strong GUS activity was detected in leaves and leaf sheaths of transgenic rice, but not in culms and roots. Histochemical localization revealed that GUS expression was exclusively restricted to mesophyll cells in transgenic rice. Our results indicate that the 1 195 bp fragment contains all the cis-elements required for directing mesophyll-specific expression pattern in rice. Key words: rice (Oryza sativa); promoter;　cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene; mesophyll-specific expression     

Statin类药物促成骨细胞BMP-2表达机理

骨形态形成蛋白因子Ⅱ(BMP-2)属转化生长因子TGF-β超家族成员,具有活性最高和能单独诱导骨形成的特性。BMP-2能促进成骨细胞分化和增加成骨细胞标志基因的表达,这在成骨细胞分化过程中起非常关键的作用,最终促进骨形成。因此BMP-2可作为治疗骨质疏松症药物的新作用靶点。目前,已证明可上调BMP-2表达的上调剂多为Statin类药物。它们多通过抑制Rho和Rho激酶的活性;增加游离的有活性的eNOS;抑制HMG-CoA还原酶的活性等方面促骨形成。研究Statin类药物促BMP-2表达上调的机理,可为进一步寻找更有效的治疗骨质疏松症药物提供新靶点和新思路。     

蒙古野驴的警戒防御行为

2004 年6 ～12 月和2005 年3 ～7 月,在内蒙古自治区包头市达尔罕茂明安联合旗中蒙边境地区和巴彦淖尔市乌拉特梭梭林—蒙古野驴国家级自然保护区,采用瞬时扫描取样法,观察了蒙古野驴的警戒防御行为,共观察到蒙古野驴132 群次。蒙古野驴的防御行为可分为警觉和发现、预警、矛盾(犹豫)、示威、逃跑、护幼、诱发和争斗8 种方式,观察记录到16 种体姿。用独立样本t-test 检验,对成体蒙古野驴雌雄个体昼间预警行为时间分配进行差异显著性检验,结果发现雄性昼间用于预警的时间明显高于雌性。群体中所有个体均能通过体姿、动作和声音发出示警信号,逃跑是蒙古野驴躲避敌害的主要方式。野外观察记录到94 次警戒防御行为。统计结果表明,蒙古野驴的安全距离与调查者所使用交通工具有关,并与交通工具的运动速度呈正相关,因此提出了一个描述蒙古野驴安全距离与威胁源运动速度之间关系的模型。蒙古野驴具有激烈的种内争斗和攻击行为,激烈的争斗甚至导致被攻击个体死亡。      

Regulation of spiral coiling in the terrestrial gastropod Sphincterochila: An experimental test of the road-holding model

Hutchinson's ('89) road-holding model states that spiral ornaments of the snail shell (keels and low-curvature areas) dictate the growth path of the subsequent whorl, which in turn gives the signal for attachment of the next whorl. Experiments were performed with two species of the terrestrial snail Sphincterochila in order to test the role of the external keel in determining the correct coiling of successive turns. Experiments substituted a ridge made of silicone for the keel. This ridge ran either (1) abapical or (2) adapical of the original keel. In mode (1), subsequent growth continued by taking the false keel as the adapical limit of the whorl. In only very few instances of mode (2) did the whorls extend incipiently slightly adapical of the path of the original keel. Our results confirm that the keel is an important reference for the coiling strategy of the snail, although the keel itself probably does not constitute the reference, but rather the two flat ramps into which the keel divides the outer lip of the aperture. J. Morphol. 235:249–257, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

基于稳定同位素技术的增殖放流牙鲆群体鉴别

牙鲆是我国黄渤海重要的增殖放流鱼类,野生群体和放流群体的鉴别是评估牙鲆增殖效果的前提.为了研究稳定同位素技术在增殖放流牙鲆群体鉴别中的应用,本研究以秦皇岛近海增殖放流区捕捞牙鲆幼鱼为对象,先使用项目组前期开发的形态学和分子标记相结合的方法区分野生群体和放流群体,再分别测定肌肉碳、氮稳定同位素值和耳石(全耳石和耳石核心区...     

Columnar cacti-shrub relationships in an Andean semiarid valley in western Venezuela

Spatial associations between columnar cacti and mimosoid shrubs were evaluated in an Andean semidesert enclave. An analysis on the capacity of other deciduous shrub species and medium-sized ephemeral plants to modify the spatial distribution of cacti was also included. The number of Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) F. Buxb., Cereus repandus (L.) Backeb. and Pilosocereus tillianus Gruber & Schaftzl that grow below the canopies of perennial plants were assessed and compared with open areas. Comparison of observed and expected number of cactus individuals shows a positive spatial association between S. griseus and Prosopis juliflora DC. Moreover, abundance of C. repandus and P. tillianus under the canopies of mimosoid shrubs were not statistically different from what was expected by chance. Positive spatial association between S. griseus and Capparis odoratissima Jacq., Cassia emarginata L., Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult., Croton rhamnifolius H.B.K. and Jatropha gossypifolia L. was also found. Evidence suggests that positive columnar cacti-shrub spatial association may occur either in the cactus thickets or in the thornscrubs. Due to the clumped distributions of S. griseus beneath P. juliflora and other perennial plants, we here postulate that S. griseus is the primary nursed columnar cactus of the enclave. The presence of cacti in open areas suggests that facilitation may be less important for establishment of columnar cacti species in this Andean semidesert landscape than in other temperate and tropical semiarid zones. We here discuss the importance of the nurse syndrome phenomenon for recruitment of S. griseus and for the conservation of this Andean semiarid environment.     

Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the marine invader Microcosmus squamiger (Ascidiacea)

The ascidian Microcosmus squamiger is native to Australia and has recently spread worldwide. It has become a pest in some littoral communities within its introduced range. An enriched genomic library of M. squamiger resulted in a total of eight polymorphic loci that were genotyped in 20 individuals from a population within its introduced range, and 20 individuals more from a native population. The mean number of alleles per locus was 5.33 and mean observed heterozygosity was 0.432. No significant linkage disequilibrium was found among loci pairs. Significant genetic differentiation was observed between populations.     

4株SARS冠状病毒中国分离株3′非编码区的序列测定及分析

分别对 4株SARS冠状病毒中国株基因组 3′非编码区序列进行测定和分析 ,然后应用Blast、DNAstarGeneQuest等软件对中国株的这段序列与其它SARS和非SARS冠状病毒的序列进行比较 .结果显示 ,所测 4株SARS冠状病毒中国分离株的 3′非编码区长度均为 339nt,与其它已测序SARS冠状病毒的相应序列完全一致 .SARS冠状病毒的非编码区含有冠状病毒保守的“伪结”结构 .在距末端 138nt处还存在 1个长约 32nt的Ⅱ型茎 环结构的序列 ,该序列在其它已知人冠状病毒中并不存在 ,而与禽传染性支气管炎病毒和星状病毒中的对应序列高度同源 .