In vitro immunization to KLH. II. Limiting dilution analysis of antigen-reactive cells in primary and secondary culture

Limiting dilution analysis was used to estimate the frequency of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes that proliferate in response to in vitro immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Antigen-reactive cells (ARC) were estimated 9 days after primary immunization with KLH. The ARC frequency of lymphocytes from 12 subjects ranged from 1:23,800 to 1:52,631. Lymphocytes from five of these subjects were also primed for 12 days with KLH, rechallenged in secondary culture with fresh adherent cells and KLH, and assayed 4 days later. The ARC frequency increased to 1:1,123 to 1:7,247, indicating that T cell clones responsive to KLH had expanded during primary culture. In addition, we observed that the proliferative response of lymphocytes from 5 of the 12 subjects were inhibited at high cell concentrations. Depletion of OKT8+ T cells before culturing with KLH however did not alter the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of T cells.     

Effect of pituitary tumor MtT-F4 on carnitine levels in the serum,liver and heart of rats

Implantation of MtT-F4 tumor, a pituitary tumor that secretes large quantities of proclactin, growth hormone and ACTH, enhanced total liver carnitine 9-fold without alteration of the esterified to free carnitine ratio. This ratio increased and the concentration of free and total carnitine decreased in the serum of tumor bearing rats. Cardiac carnitine decreased (23%) when expressed on per unit organ weight but showed an increase on per 100 g body weight basis because of marked cardiac hypertrophy. Besides indicating that lipolytic products of pituitary affect liver carnitine, these results show that hyperlipidemia and fatty livers can exist at times despite elevation of liver carnitine content.     

The effect of oral treatment with 6-O-butanoyl castanospermine (MDL 28,574) in the murine zosteriform model of HSV-1 infection

Oral treatment of mice, cutaneously infected with herpes simplexvirus type 1 (HSV-1) (strain SC16), with the     

Further evaluation of the pregnancy-linked down-regulation of the paternal antigen-specific splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in allogeneically pregnant mice.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity directed against paternal alloantigen was examined in allogeneically pregnant mice using various allogeneic combinations. The spleen cells from pregnant C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice mated with BALB/c (H-2d) male mice generated less anti-H-2d CTL after in vitro sensitization than those from unpregnant or syngeneically mated C57BL/6 mice. Different allogeneic combinations including the incompatibility at only D region of H-2 or minor histocompatibility loci were effective for downregulating the anti-paternal CTL activity in pregnancy. The downregulation of anti-paternal CTL activity induced by allogeneic pregnancy occurred at day 10 to day 18 of pregnancy, most extensively at day 14. The allogeneic pregnancy also downregulated the allogeneic CTL activities that had been amplified by injecting alloantigens before mating.     

Synergic effects of exercise training and octopamine on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator -1a and uncoupling protein 1 mRNA in heart tissue of rat treated with deep frying oil

Octopamine (OCT) have an adverse effect on heart function. One of the positive effects of exercise training is improving cardiac function and cardiomyocytes signaling, which along with herbal supplements can have better effects on the heart tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training and OCT on changes of PGC1α and UCP1 expression in heart tissue of rat treated with deep frying oil (DFO). In this study, 45 male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 9 in each): I) control (Co), II) DFO, III) DFO + exercise, IV) DFO + OCT, and V) DFO + OCT + exercise. The quantification of apoptotic effects of DFO in heart tissue was assessed by TUNEL assay. Masson's trichrome stain applied to study cardiomyocytic fibers. Moreover, PGC1α and UCP1 genes and proteins expression in all groups were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical method. A significant increase in apoptotic cells was observed in the DFO-treated group (p < 0.05). In Masson's Trichrome stain study, more cardiomyocytic fibers were observed and some lymphocytic cells were present in some fibers. Also, the expression of PGC1α and UCP1 was significantly increase in DFO + exercise group, DFO + OCT group, and DFO + OCT + exercise group compare to DFO group (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, exercise and octopamine can be considered as factors affecting the expression of PGC1α genes and UCP1 as well as drug poisoning.